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2014

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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 1615

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Statistical Modeling Of Interfractional Tissue Deformation And Its Application In Radiation Therapy Planning, Douglas J. Vile Jan 2014

Statistical Modeling Of Interfractional Tissue Deformation And Its Application In Radiation Therapy Planning, Douglas J. Vile

Theses and Dissertations

In radiation therapy, interfraction organ motion introduces a level of geometric uncertainty into the planning process. Plans, which are typically based upon a single instance of anatomy, must be robust against daily anatomical variations. For this problem, a model of the magnitude, direction, and likelihood of deformation is useful. In this thesis, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to statistically model the 3D organ motion for 19 prostate cancer patients, each with 8-13 fractional computed tomography (CT) images. Deformable image registration and the resultant displacement vector fields (DVFs) are used to quantify the interfraction systematic and random motion. By applying …


Adolescent Violence Prevention, Hatim A. Omar Jan 2014

Adolescent Violence Prevention, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Violence in adolescence has seen an increase since the 1990s with dramatic statistics on violent death and risk behaviors. School violence has been focused upon by a huge media coverage of especially violent cases that could have had some endemic consequences worldwide. We present a case of a 14 year old white male with change in school behavior, strategies for the case investigation, its results and long term prevention. Other research has shown that preventive measures during pregnancy, infancy and childhood can prevent adolescent and adult delinquency.


Prevention: Sexual Violence Against Adolescent And Young Adult Women, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick Jan 2014

Prevention: Sexual Violence Against Adolescent And Young Adult Women, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


25 Years After Vi Typhoid Vaccine Efficacy Study, Typhoid Affects Significant Number Of Population In Nepal, Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach Iii, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai Jan 2014

25 Years After Vi Typhoid Vaccine Efficacy Study, Typhoid Affects Significant Number Of Population In Nepal, Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach Iii, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Salmonella Typhi, first isolated in 1884, results in infection of the intestines and can end in death and disability. Due to serious adverse events post vaccination, whole cell killed vaccines have been replaced with new generation vaccines. The efficacy of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine, a new generation, single-dose intramuscular typhoid vaccine was assessed in Nepal in 1987. However, despite the availability of ViPS vaccine for more than 25 years, Nepal has one of the highest incidence of typhoid fever. Therefore we collected information from hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley from over the past five years. There were 9901 enteric fever …


Saudi Arabian Students In Detroit Use Natural Health Products More So Than Other University Students In Detroit, Samiah Naji Alqahtani Jan 2014

Saudi Arabian Students In Detroit Use Natural Health Products More So Than Other University Students In Detroit, Samiah Naji Alqahtani

Wayne State University Theses

Natural Health Products (NHP), are defined as products that derive from organisms and may include supplements and herbal/traditional remedies. Prior research indicates that females use NHP more than males. We have unpublished data to show that students use NHP for health maintenance with significantly different use of NHP by Native/Aboriginal students vs. other students. Less is known about Saudi students. We hypothesize that: (1) There are gender differences in NHP used; and (2) There are geo-ethnic differences in NHP used. We also determine the predictor variables that influence NHP use by students. Students from Wayne State University (n=560; 193 …


Investigating The Interactions Between Cyanobacteria And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Caroline E. Ward Jan 2014

Investigating The Interactions Between Cyanobacteria And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Caroline E. Ward

Honors Theses and Capstones

One well-known pathogen that has been the topic of many recent studies is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes thousands of foodborne illnesses a year, mostly from the ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters. It has been shown cyanobacteria can act as a long-term reservoir of Vibrio cholerae, another pathogenic Vibrio, by encasing the cells within mucilaginous sheaths during which Vibrios enter a viable but non-culturable state. In this study we investigated the interaction of V. parahaemolyticus with cyanobacteria to determine whether cyanobacteria aid in the longevity and survival of V. parahaemolyticus. We found that non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus …


Shots, Everybody? : British Anti-Smallpox Vaccination And The Development Of Multifaceted Anti-Vaccine Rhetoric On Internet Parenting Forums, Marta B. Bean Jan 2014

Shots, Everybody? : British Anti-Smallpox Vaccination And The Development Of Multifaceted Anti-Vaccine Rhetoric On Internet Parenting Forums, Marta B. Bean

Scripps Senior Theses

Vaccination is an important public health measure that can help reduce disease at the population level. Substantial evidence exists that vaccines are safe and effective at reducing the incidence of diseases like pertussis, measles and cervical cancer. However, on Internet parenting forums, parents discuss whether or not vaccination is the right choice for their children. In this thesis, I highlight the historical context of the anti-vaccine movement in mid 19th century to early 20th century Victorian Britain in the era of compulsory smallpox vaccination. Vaccination in this time was a very different and more overtly dangerous process, and …


Health Policy And The Syrian Chemical Weapons Crisis, David P. Fidler Jan 2014

Health Policy And The Syrian Chemical Weapons Crisis, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

For health policy, armed conflicts constitute one of the most severe emergency contexts in which health, well-being, and determinants of health are threatened. The Syrian civil war has proved no different, as health experts re­peatedly lament the humanitarian debacle the Syrian conflict has become. The main distinguishing feature of the Syrian civil war has been the large-scale use of chemical weapons in August 2013. This essay analyzes the chemical weapons crisis and its diplomatic resolution from a health policy perspective, with particular attention on whether the handling of this crisis created positive health policy “spillover” opportunities for more effectively addressing …


Stresspression? A Study On The Relationship Between Perceived Stress, Depression And College Females, Ingrid Mateo Jan 2014

Stresspression? A Study On The Relationship Between Perceived Stress, Depression And College Females, Ingrid Mateo

Phi Kappa Phi Research Symposium (Archived)

The purpose of this study was to assess perceived stress levels among college students at a university in rural southeast Georgia. The period of undergraduate education introduces a new social environment that may require young adults to appraise their resources of social support and coping strategies to manage stress (Chao, 2012). The researcher hypothesized that white, freshman, female students would have higher perceived stress level than any other group. To test this, a self-administered survey was used in this quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The survey was administered to 203 participants, all over the age of 18. Sampling methodology conducted in …


Breast Cancer Susceptibility : An Education Intervention And Genetic Epidemiology Study, Nur Zeinomar Jan 2014

Breast Cancer Susceptibility : An Education Intervention And Genetic Epidemiology Study, Nur Zeinomar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer (aside from non-melanoma skin cancers) and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Our studies aimed to assess the effectiveness of a breast cancer educational intervention and to investigate genetic influences on the risk of post-menopausal breast cancer. The overarching theme and public health relevance of this dissertation was that our findings provided leads for breast cancer prevention.


Predictors Of Emergency Room And Hospital Utilization Among Adults With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities (Idd) In New York City, Meghan G. Blaskowitz Jan 2014

Predictors Of Emergency Room And Hospital Utilization Among Adults With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities (Idd) In New York City, Meghan G. Blaskowitz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background. Avoidable emergency room (ER) visits and hospital admissions among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) contribute significantly to rising Medicaid costs. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and New York State (NYS) Medicaid Redesign Team have identified a critical need to reduce ER and hospital utilization in an effort to contain healthcare costs and improve quality of care. Study Objective. This study identifies independent predictors of medical and behavioral/psychiatric ER and hospital utilization for a cohort of individuals with IDD (n=597) residing in supported living arrangements in New York City, the most Medicaid-dense region of NYS. Methods. A retrospective …


Adoption And Implementation Of Alcohol And Drug Screening, Brief Intervention, And Referral To Treatment (Sbirt) In School-Based Health Centers : Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, And Perceptions As Barriers And Facilitators, Brett Harris Jan 2014

Adoption And Implementation Of Alcohol And Drug Screening, Brief Intervention, And Referral To Treatment (Sbirt) In School-Based Health Centers : Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, And Perceptions As Barriers And Facilitators, Brett Harris

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics as an evidence-based strategy to address risky substance use among adolescents in primary care settings. However, less than half of pediatricians even screen adolescents for substance use.


Predictors Of Attrition Among Participants In A Worksite Wellness Program, Yvonne A. Johnston Jan 2014

Predictors Of Attrition Among Participants In A Worksite Wellness Program, Yvonne A. Johnston

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objectives: The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to examine "stage of change" as a predictor of attrition among participants in a worksite wellness program. A Conceptual Model of Attrition was developed to examine health screening, health risk appraisal (HRA), and demographic predictors of attrition as well.


Influenza Hospitalizations In New York State 2007-2013 : Impact Of Vaccine And Antiviral Treatment Effectiveness In Reducing Severity Of Illness, Mary Dundas Jan 2014

Influenza Hospitalizations In New York State 2007-2013 : Impact Of Vaccine And Antiviral Treatment Effectiveness In Reducing Severity Of Illness, Mary Dundas

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Underlying medical conditions are known risk factors for increased severity of infectious diseases, including influenza. Although most studies on disease severity, underlying medical conditions, and prevention/treatment effectiveness occurred during the pandemic 2009-2010 season, data is also available for seasons when influenza virus B and influenza virus A subtypes pH1N1, seasonal H1N1, and H3N2 were circulating.


Disparities Among Hispanic Ethnicity And Stage At Diagnosis For Invasive Breast And Colorectal Cancer, Raquel Velazquez Jan 2014

Disparities Among Hispanic Ethnicity And Stage At Diagnosis For Invasive Breast And Colorectal Cancer, Raquel Velazquez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: To assess the relationship between ethnicity and stage at diagnosis among invasive cases of breast and colorectal cancer.


Corticosteroid Use, Emotional Health And Work/Regular Daily Activities : Ethnic Differences In Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dorcey Lanier Applyrs Jan 2014

Corticosteroid Use, Emotional Health And Work/Regular Daily Activities : Ethnic Differences In Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dorcey Lanier Applyrs

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus has profound effects on women, families and society causing a loss of self-esteem, a loss in earning potential and higher health care costs. SLE affects women during their most productive years of life, causing women to further experience particularly poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as financial hardship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations among corticosteroid use, emotional and physical health, and work and regular daily activities in a racially-and ethnically-diverse sample of women with SLE and controls using data from the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Lupus Database. This …


An Evaluation Of Factors Leading To The Risk And Detection Of Thyroid Cancer, Thomas James O'Grady Jan 2014

An Evaluation Of Factors Leading To The Risk And Detection Of Thyroid Cancer, Thomas James O'Grady

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract:


Paternal Occupational Pesticide Exposure And Neural Tube Defects In The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, Stacy Marie Pettigrew Jan 2014

Paternal Occupational Pesticide Exposure And Neural Tube Defects In The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, Stacy Marie Pettigrew

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT


Sex Work And Daily Alcohol Use May Increase Hiv Risks Of Women Who Inject Drugs In Ukraine, Tetyana Vasylyeva Jan 2014

Sex Work And Daily Alcohol Use May Increase Hiv Risks Of Women Who Inject Drugs In Ukraine, Tetyana Vasylyeva

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Between 10 - 50% of female PWID in former USSR countries, where HIV epidemics are driven by injecting drug use, are reported to exchange sex for money, drugs or goods. Research in the region shows contradictory data on the association between exchange sex and HIV for PWID, and suggests that this association might be influenced by other factors. Since female PWID who exchange sex might be a bridge population between PWID and other people, it is important to monitor their risks and suggest timely interventions.


Sleep Duration And Diabetes In An Adult Population Of Rural Upstate New York, Tarak Shrestha Jan 2014

Sleep Duration And Diabetes In An Adult Population Of Rural Upstate New York, Tarak Shrestha

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Introduction: Within the past five decades, there has been a rapid increase in the number of diabetic cases in the US. The number of diabetic cases increased from 1.5 million in 1959 to 25.8 million in 2011. Around the same time period, the average sleep duration per night decreased from 8 hours to 6.9 hours.


Psychological Features Of Abstinent Heroin Users And Predictors Of Their Improvement During Rehabilitation In Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Timofey Galankin Jan 2014

Psychological Features Of Abstinent Heroin Users And Predictors Of Their Improvement During Rehabilitation In Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Timofey Galankin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: Find predictors of adherence to post-detoxification rehabilitation programs in opiate intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Russia. Assess whether longer-term rehabilitation programs improve participants' psychological profiles more than shorter-term ones.


A Study To Detect The Presence Of Racial/Ethnic Pay Disparities Among Registered Nurses (Rns) In U.S. Hospitals, Jean M. Moore Jan 2014

A Study To Detect The Presence Of Racial/Ethnic Pay Disparities Among Registered Nurses (Rns) In U.S. Hospitals, Jean M. Moore

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

For this research study, a regression decomposition of hospital RN salaries was conducted to detect the presence of racial/ethnic pay disparities for hospital RNs working in the most populous metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Regression


Medication Use And Patients Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Hepatitis C Virus : Quantifying The Prevalence And Identifying The Predictors Of Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interactions Associated With Therapy Containing First Generation Non-Structural 3a Serine Protease Inhibitors, Nimish Patel Jan 2014

Medication Use And Patients Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Hepatitis C Virus : Quantifying The Prevalence And Identifying The Predictors Of Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interactions Associated With Therapy Containing First Generation Non-Structural 3a Serine Protease Inhibitors, Nimish Patel

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation enhances our understanding of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (CSDDIs) and contraindicated drug interactions among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection before and after the addition of HCV therapy including first generation non-structural (NS) 3A serine protease inhibitors. This is important to understand because the clinical sequelae of untreated chronic HCV infection are devastating yet drug-drug interactions greatly complicate treatment for these patients. The HIV/HCV coinfected population is a population that is particularly vulnerable because they are using a high volume of medications. Specifically, the standard of care for patients with HIV infection …


Mental Health Service Utilization Among People With Mental Illness : An Examination Of Predictors And The Influence Of Substance Abuse And Hiv, Man-Chun Chang Jan 2014

Mental Health Service Utilization Among People With Mental Illness : An Examination Of Predictors And The Influence Of Substance Abuse And Hiv, Man-Chun Chang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Many people who could benefit from mental health services do not receive them. The objective of this study is to use nationally representative data to systematically investigate correlates of types of mental health treatments and examine the interaction effects between self-perceived treatment need and demographic characteristics.


Atrazine In Maternal Drinking Water Supply Below The Federal Maximum Contaminant Level And Risk Of Preterm Birth, Small For Gestational Age, Cryptorchidism And Hypospadias, Daniel Rice Jan 2014

Atrazine In Maternal Drinking Water Supply Below The Federal Maximum Contaminant Level And Risk Of Preterm Birth, Small For Gestational Age, Cryptorchidism And Hypospadias, Daniel Rice

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The prevalence of preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and hypospadias has been increasing for several decades in the U.S resulting in significant morbidity and mortality and direct costs to society. Drinking water provides a mechanism for prolonged chronic exposure to environmental contaminants but is one of the least assessed environmental exposures in pregnancy and birth outcomes. To test the hypothesis that maternal exposure to atrazine through drinking water during pregnancy, or one or more trimesters of gestation, is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, cryptorchidism and hypospadias a retrospective cohort study was …


Novel Partner Notification Approaches In New York State, And Antibiotic Resistance In The Management Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections, Christopher Frank Davis Jan 2014

Novel Partner Notification Approaches In New York State, And Antibiotic Resistance In The Management Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections, Christopher Frank Davis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is the most frequently reported notifiable disease in the United States. This dissertation provides an evaluation of chlamydia treatment and control through three different lenses: 1) patient views on a novel strategy to facilitate treatment, 2) student perceptions about materials to promote treatment of sexual partners, and 3) evidence regarding recurrent infection etiology.


Maternal Characteristics And Factors Associated With Hepatitis C (Hcv) Infection Among Hiv-Positive Pregnant Women In Ukraine, 2010-2011, Liudmyla Slobodianyk Jan 2014

Maternal Characteristics And Factors Associated With Hepatitis C (Hcv) Infection Among Hiv-Positive Pregnant Women In Ukraine, 2010-2011, Liudmyla Slobodianyk

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Objective: Determine the association between risk factors for Hepatitis C and hepatitis C (HCV) infection among HIV-positive pregnant women in Ukraine.


Social Support And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Male Migrant Market Workers From Central Asia In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Gaukhar Mergenova Jan 2014

Social Support And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Male Migrant Market Workers From Central Asia In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Gaukhar Mergenova

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Many studies have shown that risky sexual behavior leads to increased rates of HIV infection among labor migrants. However, little is known about the role of social support in risky sexual behavior among labor migrants in Kazakhstan. This study explores the potential association between social support and risky sexual behaviors among male migrant market vendors in Almaty, Kazakhstan.


Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha Jan 2014

Perfluorinated Compounds, Thyroid Function, And Neuropsychological Status In Older Residents Of Upper Hudson River Communities, Srishti Shrestha

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widespread in the environment. Minimal data exist regarding the neurotoxicity and thyroid disruptive property of PFCs in aging populations and the possible mediating effects of thyroid hormones (THs). In this study, we assessed associations among PFCs, thyroid function, and neuropsychological status, and determined if the neurotoxic effects of PFCs are mediated by changes in THs in an aging population. We measured perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and total triiodothyronine (T3) in serum and performed neuropsychological tests in men and women aged 55-74 years and living …


Examining The Risk And Protective Factors That Influence Falls Among Native American Older Adults, Kelly Winjum Jan 2014

Examining The Risk And Protective Factors That Influence Falls Among Native American Older Adults, Kelly Winjum

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The risk factors for falls and the adverse outcomes of falls have been well documented among the general older adult population. However, fall frequency, fall risk factors, and fall outcomes have rarely been studied among minority groups specifically. Furthermore, to date there are no known studies that exclusively examine falls among Native American older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine falls among Native American older adults, in order to understand the risk and protective factors for falling among this population, and to develop recommendations for intervention. The theoretical framework of the Disablement Process guides this study. The …