Public Health Commons^™

One Health: Veterinary Involvement And Zoonoses In Humans, Jasmine Cheeks

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction: As veterinarians are often first to identify zoonotic disease events in animals, their involvement in One Health should be facilitated and strengthened by support from zoonotic disease surveillance systems and health regulations specific to zoonotic disease surveillance.

Objectives: To identify relatable trends between the relationship of the number of active veterinary professionals and the incidence of zoonotic diseases in the developed countries of Australia, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Spain, and the United States of America. Another objective was to illustrate potential barriers current health regulations place on veterinary contributions to One Health surveillance. Methods: Data were …

The Importance Of The Young Invincibles To The Success Of The Affordable Care, Ethel K. Ishimwe

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Health care reform in the United States, as codified in the Affordable Care Act (ACA), includes an individual mandate to insure that all citizens are participants in public or privately funded health insurance programs. Universal participation insures that the national risk pool of insured persons will include the broadest spectrum of patient utilizers from the very healthy, who are low utilizers, to the very sick who are high utilizers of health care services. It is only through this high level of participation that the increased services and cost savings of health care reform can be realized. Key to this comprehensive …

Polish Healthcare System In Transition - Perceptions Of The Old And New Systems, Paul Puchta

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Poland is the largest country in central Europe. During the Second World War (WWII) Poland lost 39% of its physicians. After WWII, Poland fell under Soviet influence. Socialist parties dominated its government until 1989. Poland was the first country from the Soviet block to adopt economic reforms and turn away from centrally planned system.

Poland is presently a stable democracy with a growing economy, and was accepted to the European Union as a full –fledged member in May 2004. Startling results of the population perception of national healthcare system were published in 2013. Polish customers rated current system poorly, giving …

Is Public Health - Dayton & Montgomery County's Level One Food Safety Certification Training Effective?, Matthew M. Tyler

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The objective of the culminating experience was to evaluate the effectiveness of Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County’s (PHDMC) Level One Food Safety Certification class. Pre-training and post-training quiz score data from approximately 692 participants were examined. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate change in scores, overall, on individual questions, and by job responsibility. There was significant improvements in quiz scores both aggregately (20.6%) and also by individual questions, except for question one which assessed how people could become ill from improper food safety. The temperature related questions were answered incorrectly the most but also showed the most improvement. …

Financial Advantages Of Hospitals’ Relationships With Accountable Care Organizations, David P. Paul Iii, Rodrigo Carmago, Thaisa Carmago, Stacie Deslich, Alberto Coustasse

Management Faculty Research

Accountable care organizations are groups of providers who agree to accept the responsibility for elevating the health status of a defined group of patients, with the goal of enabling people to take charge of their health and enroll in shared decision-making with providers. The large initial investment required (estimated at $1.8 million) to develop an ACO implies that the participation of large health care organizations, especially hospitals and health systems, is required for success. Findings of the study suggest that ACOs based in a larger hospital organizations are more likely to meet CMS criteria for formation because of financial and …

Creating A Strategic Partnership For Educating Nurse Practitioner Students About Sexual Health, Stefan Rowniak

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Sexual health is an essential and often neglected component of primary care. Nurse practitioners are ideal members of the healthcare team to be providing sexual health information, diagnoses, and treatments. Unfortunately, this is an area that has been lacking in the education of all healthcare providers. This paper describes a program that incorporates sexual health into the curriculum for nurse practitioner students through collaboration between the university school of nursing and the local health department. Given the increasing shortage of clinical sites and the need to train nurse practitioners to be competent in the delivery of sexual health, this is …

Increasing Chlamydia Retesting Rates In Std Clinics, Michelle L. Bellando

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Chlamydia is the most common STD in the United States (Mishori, McClaskey, & WinklerPrins, 2012). Due to the high reinfection rate of Chlamydia, the CDC recommends retesting three months after initial treatment (Park, Amey, Creegan, Barandas, & Bauer, 2010).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate strategies that might improve STD follow-up rates in a clinic setting.

Methods: Public Health - Dayton and Montgomery County STD clinic patients 18 years and older who tested positive for NonGonococcal Urethritis (NGU) or Mucopurulent Cervicitis (MPC) and who agreed to participate were given an opinion survey.

Results: Of the 31 …

The Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorders And Secondhand Tobacco Exposure, Bhupinder Kaur

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Second hand tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with neurobehavioral disorders among children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between second hand smoking and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children in the United States. Parent-reported postnatal tobacco exposure inside and outside the house and ASD diagnosis was examined in children younger than 12 years using the 2011-2012 National Survey on Children's Health. The physician diagnosis of current ASD as reported by the parents was used as the outcome variable. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to assess the associations. Of …

The Center For Global Health News Bulletin, Center For Global Health, Old Dominion University

Center for Global Health Newsletter

January-June 2014 issue of Old Dominion University's Center for Global Health News Bulletin.

Interaction Between Climatic, Environmental, And Demographic Factors On Cholera Outbreaks In Kenya, James D. Stoltzfus, Jane Y. Carter, Muge Akpinar-Elci, Martin Matu, Victoria Kimotho, Mark J. Giganti, Daniel Langat, Omur C. Elsi

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background:

Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic, environmental, and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in Kenya.

Methods:

District-level data was gathered from Kenya’s Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, the Meteorological Department, and the National Bureau of Statistics. The data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to 2009.

Results:

Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when …

Promoting Interprofessional Education Through A Student Led Community Health Screening Event, Carrie Maffeo, Eileen Carroll, Alexandra Foster, Kelly Daneri, Isabel Hagedorn, Mary Graham, Jane Gervasio

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Published abstract from the 115th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Grapevine, TX, July 26-30.

Plan B Career Information: Annotated Resource List, Elizabeth Howard

Undergraduate Research Award

No abstract provided.

Action For Dental Health Year One Report To Congress, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Action For Dental Health Year One Report To Congress Executive Summary, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Coverage Decisions In Health Insurance Marketplaces: Consumers' Decision-Making Abilities And The Amount Of Information In Their Choice Environment, Andrew J. Barnes, Yaniv Hanoch, Thomas Rice

Health Policy Publications

Objective

To investigate the determinants and quality of coverage decisions among uninsured choosing plans in a hypothetical health insurance marketplace.

Study Setting

Two samples of uninsured individuals: one from an Internet-based sample comprised largely of young, healthy, tech-savvy individuals (n = 276), and the other from low-income, rural Virginians (n = 161).

Study Design

We assessed whether health insurance comprehension, numeracy, choice consistency, and the number of plan choices were associated with participants' ability to choose a cost-minimizing plan, given their expected health care needs (defined as choosing a plan costing no more than $500 in excess of the total …

Ua12/4 Stall Street Journal, Vol. 6, Wku Health Services

WKU Administration Documents

Broadsides developed by WKU Health Services to convey public health information in students in bathroom stalls. Incomplete run.

Results From Ireland's 2014 Report Card On Physical Activity In Children And Youth, Deirdre M. Harrington, Sarahjane Belton, Tara Coppinger, Muireann Cullen, Alan Donnelly, Kieran Dowd, Teresa Keating, Richard Layte, Marie Murphy, Niamh Murphy, Elaine Murtagh, Catherine Woods

Publications

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels are a key performance indicator for policy documents in Ireland. The first Ireland Report Card on Physical Activity in Children and Youth aims to set a robust baseline for future surveillance of indicators related to PA in children and youth. Methods: Data collected between 2003-2010 on more than 35,000 7- to 18-year-old children and youth were used and graded using a standardized grading system for 10 indicators. Results: Grades assigned for the indicators were as follows: overall physical activity levels, D-; sedentary behavior (TV viewing), C-; organized sport participation, C-: physical education, D-; active play, …

Metabolic Syndrome In Obese African American Adolescents, Yulyu Yeh

Wayne State University Dissertations

Limited research regarding metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been conducted in obese African American adolescents (OAAA) using the International Diabetes Federation IDF criteria. MetS is a constellation of risk factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases and is defined as presence of any 3 or more of the 5 criteria: fasting glucose 100mg/dl, waist circumference 90th percentile, triglycerides 150 mg/dl, blood pressure (BP) 130/85 mmHg and HDL < 40mg/dl. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of MetS in OAAA by using the IDF criteria and the relationship with diet, fast food consumption, nutrition knowledge, home food environment (HFE), and serum calcium, leptin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1, 25 D3) levels. One hundred and fifty one OAAA (mean age: 14.3 ± 1.4 years, 65.6% girls, mean BMI: 37.4±7.2 kg/m2) in a metropolitan area took part in this study. Anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were collected. Participants completed a set of questionnaires regarding diet, fast food consumption, and nutrition knowledge. HFE was completed by the care givers. The MetS rate for OAAA was 61.6% and boys had higher MetS than girls (73.1%, 55.6% respectively). OAAA without MetS had higher serum calcium and 1,25 D3 level but no significant difference were found in food consumption, nutrition knowledge, and HFE. Total cholesterol /HDL ratio and Insulin resistance increased the odds of MetS by 55% and 10% and 1,25 D3 decrease the odds of MetS by 2%. Even though high fast food consumption, lack of nutrition knowledge and poor food environment were negatively associated with obesity, they didn't contribute to MetS. Increase serum vitamin D and calcium level might be beneficial to reduce MetS in OAAA population.

Fy 14 Community Benefit Summary, Children's Mercy Hospital

Community Benefits

Fiscal year report on the community benefits provided by Children's Mercy Kansas City to the communities in the Kansas City region.

No Shows: Effectiveness Of Termination Policy And Review Of Best Practices, Maalinii Vijayan

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The primary objective of the study was to identify whether the implementation of Patient No Show and Termination policy at Five Rivers Health Centers (FRHC) is associated with a significant reduction of its no show rate. The secondary objective was to perform the best practices review on other strategies to reduce no shows. The data for this study was obtained retrospectively from the electronic medical records of the seven clinical centers of FRHC. Individual clinic's no show rates and cumulative no show rates for pre-implementation and post-implementation period were calculated. Chi-squared test were used to detect statistical significance between pre- …

Smarter Lunchrooms - Ohio: Using Production And Sales Records To Measure Change In Food Selection, Roopsi J. Narayan

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: The 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) updated the national school meals standards from the 1995 to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HHFKA are the most comprehensive changes to the national school meal standards in 15 years. Measurement of food selection is essential to determine the impact of the new rules. This study develops an indicator, using production records, to track food selection in school cafeterias. Methods: Participating Ohio school districts applied interventions from The Smarter Lunchrooms Movement to cafeterias. Using MyPlate as a model and production records from two school districts, a coding system was developed …

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Patterns Among Children During School Lunch, Haley R. Riegel

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: As the United States suffers from a childhood obesity epidemic, more attention has been given to school lunch nutrition. Federal requirements on school lunch are evolving to include a variety of fruits and vegetables, whereas other programs study ways to increase healthy food consumption during school lunch. This project categorizes fruits and vegetables by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Cornell University’s Smarter Lunchrooms school lunch categories in order to gain a better understanding of fruit and vegetable waste during school lunch.

Methods: Visual estimations of tray waste were collected across four school districts. Averages of fruit …

Impact Of Poor Retention In Hiv Medical Care On Time To Viral Load Suppression, Timothy N. Crawford, Wayne T. Sanderson, Alice Thornton

Family Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how poor retention in HIV care impacts time to viral suppression after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design, employing a medical chart review, was conducted at an academic infectious disease clinic at the University of Kentucky. Patients seeking care between 2003 and 2011 were included in the study. A log-normal model was employed to determine the factors associated with time to viral suppression. Results: Of the 532 patients in the study, 426 (80.1%) patients were virally suppressed. Controlling for insurance status, race, baseline CD4 counts, and …

Wonder Drugs To Hot New Diets: Knowledge Is Power! Adult Health Literacy, Adnan Ahmeduddin, Mary Grace Bowring, Kelly Davis, Indra Gomez, Sarah Halle, Courtney Middlebrook, Molly Sadowsky, Lauren Shauger, Lauren Violette

ISCOPES Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Schizophrenia Data Using A Nonlinear Threshold Index Logistic Model., Zhenyu Jiang, Chengan Du, Assen Jablensky, Hua Liang, Zudi Lu, Yang Ma, Kok Lay Teo

GW Biostatistics Center

Genetic information, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, has been widely recognized as useful in prediction of disease risk. However, how to model the genetic data that is often categorical in disease class prediction is complex and challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel class of nonlinear threshold index logistic models to deal with the complex, nonlinear effects of categorical/discrete SNP covariates for Schizophrenia class prediction. A maximum likelihood methodology is suggested to estimate the unknown parameters in the models. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed methodology works viably well for moderate-size samples. The suggested approach is therefore …

Mediation Analysis Of Gestational Age, Congenital Heart Defects, And Infant Birth-Weight, Adane Wogu, Christopher Loffredo, Ionut Bebu, George Luta

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

In this study we assessed the mediation role of the gestational age on the effect of the infant’s congenital heart defects (CHD) on birth-weight.

Methods

We used secondary data from the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study (1981–1989). Mediation analysis was employed to investigate whether gestational age acted as a mediator of the association between CHD and reduced birth-weight. We estimated the mediated effect, the mediation proportion, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using several methods.

Results

There were 3362 CHD cases and 3564 controls in the dataset with mean birth-weight of 3071 (SD = 729) and 3353 (SD = 603) …

Engagement With Care, Substance Use, And Adherence To Therapy In Hiv/Aids, Patrice K. Nicholas, Suzanne Willard, Clinton J. Thompson, Carol Dawson-Rose, Inge B. Corless, +20 Additional Authors

GW Biostatistics Center

Engagement with care for those living with HIV is aimed at establishing a strong relationship between patients and their health care provider and is often associated with greater adherence to therapy and treatment (Flickinger, Saha, Moore, and Beach, 2013). Substance use behaviors are linked with lower rates of engagement with care and medication adherence (Horvath, Carrico, Simoni, Boyer, Amico, and Petroli, 2013). This study is a secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional design from a larger randomized controlled trial (n = 775) that investigated the efficacy of a self-care symptom management manual for participants living with HIV. Participants were …

Short And Long-Term Lifestyle Coaching Approaches Used To Address Diverse Participant Barriers To Weight Loss And Physical Activity Adherence, Elizabeth M. Venditti, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Linda M. Delahanty, Lisa L. Mele, Mary A. Hoskin, Sharon Edelstein

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

Individual barriers to weight loss and physical activity goals in the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomized trial with 3.2 years average treatment duration, have not been previously reported. Evaluating barriers and the lifestyle coaching approaches used to improve adherence in a large, diverse participant cohort can inform dissemination efforts.

Methods

Lifestyle coaches documented barriers and approaches after each session (mean session attendance = 50.3 +/- 21.8). Subjects were 1076 intensive lifestyle participants (mean age = 50.6 years; mean BMI = 33.9 kg/m2; 68% female, 48% non-Caucasian). Barriers and approaches used to improve adherence were ranked by the percentage of …

Cardiometabolic Risk Assessments By Body Mass Index Z-Score Or Waist-To-Height Ratio In A Multiethnic Sample Of Sixth-Graders, Henry S. Kahn, Laure El Ghormli, Russell Jago, Gary D. Foster, Robert G. Mcmurray, John B. Buse, Diane D. Stadler, Roberto P. Trevino, Tom Baranowski, Healthy Study Group

GW Biostatistics Center

Convention defines pediatric adiposity by the body mass index -score (BMIz) referenced to normative growth charts. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) does not depend on sex-and-age references. In the HEALTHY Study enrollment sample, we compared BMIz with WHtR for ability to identify adverse cardiometabolic risk. Among 5,482 sixth-grade students from 42 middle schools, we estimated explanatory variations (R²) and standardized beta coefficients of BMIz or WHtR for cardiometabolic risk factors: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, blood pressures, and glucose. For each risk outcome variable, we prepared adjusted regression models for four subpopulations stratified by sex and high versus lower fatness. …

Community Colleges And Public Health: An Integral Part Of The Continuum Of Education For Public Health, Richard Riegelman, Cynthia Wilson

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.