Public Health Commons^™

Persepsi, Peluang Aksi, Dan Infomasi Serta Perilaku Pencegahan Malaria, Elviera Gamelia, Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti

Kesmas

Di dunia, malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara-negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus malaria terus memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang meningkat, salah satu daerah endemis malaria di Banyumas adalah Puskesmas II Sumpiuh. Berdasarkan survei pendahuluan masih banyak ditemukan perilaku berisiko yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadi malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat, kemungkinan aksi, dan informasi tentang malaria yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan malaria di Puskesmas Sumpiuh II Banyumas. Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini dilakukan pada populasi kepala keluarga di Puskesmas II Sumpiuh. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 95 kepala keluarga ditarik menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan …

Kehamilan Yang Tidak Diinginkan Dan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi, Devinita Ayu Nurcahyani, Indang Trihandini

Kesmas

Berat badan lahir dianggap faktor penentu yang paling penting dari kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari besar risiko kehamilan tidak diinginkan terhadap berat bayi berdasarkan persepsi ibu di Indonesia tahun 2010 beserta faktor-faktor perancunya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2010. Namun, studi ini memiliki variabel dari hasil kehamilan sehingga memungkinkan menggunakan desain penelitian kohort retrospektif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang didasarkan pada persepsi ibu sekitar 1,27 kali lebih besar daripada …

Penentu Kecepatan Pengeluaran Air Susu Ibu Setelah Sectio Caesarea, Desmawati Desmawati

Kesmas

Pengeluaran air susu ibu (ASI) secara dini adalah syarat penting dalam mendukung pemberian ASI eksklusif. Pengeluaran ASI pada ibu post sectio caesarea sedikit lebih lambat dibanding dengan ibu post partum normal. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh posisi menyusui, nyeri setelah sectio caesarea, mobilisasi, rooming in, dan rolling massage terhadap kecepatan pengeluaran ASI pada ibu post sectio caesarea. Populasi penelitian dengan metode cross sectional ini adalah ibu-ibu post sectio caesarea yang berjumlah 90 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan posisi menyusui, nyeri setelah sectio caesarea, mobilisasi aktif, rooming in kontinu, dan intervensi rolling massage dengan kecepatan waktu pengeluaran ASI pada ibu …

Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Dan Kematian Neonatal, Desy Fitri Yani, Artha Budi Susila Duarsa

Kesmas

Indonesia bersama seluruh negara berkembang berupaya mencapai kesepakatan Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) dengan salah satu sasaran menurunkan angka kematian neonatal dari 20 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup menjadi 15 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dengan kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Lampung Timur tahun 2011. Penelitian dengan desain studi kasus kontrol ini mengamati kasus ibu yang mengalami kematian neonatal dan kontrol ibu yang tidak mengalami kematian neonatal. Analisis multivariat menemukan pelayanan antenatal dan pertolongan persalinan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kematian neonatal, setelah mengendalikan variabel umur ibu dan riwayat kehamilan (OR = 16,32; nilai p = 0,000); …

Peranan Moderasi Soft Skills Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Rumah Sakit, Viviyanti Azwar

Kesmas

Penurunan mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil merupakan penentu bagi kinerja rumah sakit sebagai perusahaan jasa. Penurunan mutu pelayanan diindikasikan dengan penurunan rata-rata pelayanan periode tahun 2008-2010 pada instalasi radiologi mencapai 11,29%, laboratorium 5,19%, farmasi 18,5%, instalasi rehabilitasi medik 3,74%, gizi 9,12%, pemulasan jenazah 11,86%, operasi 5,29%, dan hemodialisa 3,62%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan soft skills memoderasi sumber daya organisasi, keterikatan kerja, kinerja karyawan dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Pengukuran seluruh konstruksi dan indikator penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 530 karyawan rumah sakit sebagai tenaga medis maupun nonmedis yang dijadikan responden. Metode analisis …

Sweet Freedom: Smokers’ Rights & The Rebranding Of Philip Morris, Amy Dipierro

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

This paper discusses how Philip Morris invoked strong American values to defend its own corporate speech as well as “smoker’s rights.” In particular, it examines Philip Morris Company’s Bill of Rights advertising campaign of the early 1990s, especially focusing on an advertisement featuring Everett Alvarez, a prisoner of war during Vietnam. This strategy reveals how Philip Morris was able to manipulate the public conversation about smoking from one about health and disease to one about human rights and freedoms.

Pit Latrines And Their Impacts On Groundwater Quality: A Systematic Review, Jay P. Graham, Matthew L. Polizzotto

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background: Pit latrines are one of the most common human excreta disposal systems in low-income countries, and their use is on the rise as countries aim to meet the sanitation-related target of the Millennium Development Goals. There is concern, however, that discharges of chemical and microbial contaminants from pit latrines to groundwater may negatively affect human health.

Objectives: Our goals were to a) calculate global pit latrine coverage, b) systematically review empirical studies of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality, c) evaluate latrine siting standards, and d) identify knowledge gaps regarding the potential for …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Luque Reviews Practice Modes

Overweight And Obesity In Kaoma And Kasama Rural Districts Of Zambia: Prevalence And Correlates In 2008-2009 Population Based Surveys, Chola Besa, David Mulenga, Olesegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya

Faculty Publications

Background: Overweight and obesity (overweight/obesity) is associated with hypertension. Low- and middleincome countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic. There is growing evidence that the epidemic is on the increase in urban settings of developing countries. However, there is scanty information on the magnitude of this epidemic and its correlates in rural settings. The objective of the current study was to establish levels of overweight/obesity and its correlates in rural areas of Zambia. Designing interventions based on the correlates for overweight/obesity to reduce its prevalence may in turn lead to a reduction in the prevalence of hypertension.

Methods: Cross sectional studies …

Open-Source Collaboration For Global Health: Science And Practice, Ariel Pablos-Méndez, Michael Klag, Lynn R. Goldman

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Health Risk Assessments Of Waste Combustion Emissions Using Surrogate Analyte Models, Michael A . Schmidt

Theses and Dissertations

Exposure assessments of open burn pits are often complicated by a lack of sampling equipment and resources. This research investigated the hypothesis of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a viable surrogate for particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Large-scale solid waste combustion tests resulted in linear trends between mean PM2.5 and CO₂ (R2 = 0.964 - 0.989). This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using CO₂ as a surrogate of PM2.5 concentration as CO₂ sensors potentially provide a cost-effective solution for monitoring in lieu of expensive PM instruments. It also indicates the potential reduction …

Aids: An Overview, Loretta Mclaughlin

New England Journal of Public Policy

"We stand nakedly in front of a very serious pandemic, as mortal as any pandemic there ever has been," said Halfdan Mahler, director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO). "I don't know of any greater killer than AIDS, not to speak of its psychological, social and economic maiming. Everything is getting worse and worse with AIDS and all of us have been underestimating it, and I in particular. We're running scared. I cannot imagine a worse health problem in this century." When asked to compare AIDS to other epidemics, such as smallpox, that have infected and killed over the course …

Examining Mainecare’S Coverage Options Under The Affordable Care Act, Erika C. Ziller Phd, Trish Riley

Population Health & Health Policy

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to achieve nearly universal access to health coverage in the United States—in part by standardizing Medicaid eligibility across the country so that each state’s program would cover individuals with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL), or $15,856 for an individual and $32,499 for a family of four in 2013 (see Figure 1).i However, in June 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that states could not be required to broaden Medicaid and retained the decision as a state option. States that choose to participate may do so by amending their state …

The Net Reclassification Index (Nri): A Misleading Measure Of Prediction Improvement With Miscalibrated Or Overfit Models, Margaret Pepe, Jin Fang, Ziding Feng, Thomas Gerds, Jorgen Hilden

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The Net Reclassification Index (NRI) is a very popular measure for evaluating the improvement in prediction performance gained by adding a marker to a set of baseline predictors. However, the statistical properties of this novel measure have not been explored in depth. We demonstrate the alarming result that the NRI statistic calculated on a large test dataset using risk models derived from a training set is likely to be positive even when the new marker has no predictive information. A related theoretical example is provided in which a miscalibrated risk model that includes an uninformative marker is proven to erroneously …

International And Domestic Student Health-Information Seeking And Satisfaction, Stacy Theodora Austin

Dissertations and Theses

This study examines two groups -international and domestic students at Portland State University (PSU) - in terms of their motivations to seek university-health services, and their satisfaction with university-health services. The Theory of Motivated Information Management (W. A. Afifi & Weiner, 2004) served as the foundation for this study to examine the preferences of students in terms of the ways they seek information about their health concerns. Differences in international and domestic students' anxiety, efficacy, and satisfaction with physicians were supported. International students reported more anxiety than domestic students. Domestic students reported being more efficacious than international students when talking …

The Community As A Learner Group, Cathyann Feher Rn,Msn, Karen L. Kutner Mba, Robert Ruhf, Charles Scagliotti Md,Facs, Michael M. Badellino Md

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Luque Joins CSI Executive Board

A Needed Competency Finding And Using Authoritative Disaster Health Information, Mary Moore Phd, Kimberly Loper Mlis, Michelle Simanek Mph

Faculty Research, Publications, and Presentations

Should there be a Public Health Emergency Preparedness competency for finding and using key disaster health information resources proficiently? Learn about 7 core disaster health information resources that no one should miss, and about the National Library of Medicine/Medical Library Association certificate training program for disaster health information specialists.

A Global Health Framework Based On Competencies And Learning Opportunities In Graduate Health Education, Robert Simmons, Drph, Mph, Mches, Cph, James D. Plumb, Md, Mph

College of Population Health Lectures, Presentations, Workshops

Poster covers:

• What is Global Health?
• The Changing Global Landscape
• Why Invest in Global Health Education?
• Growth of Global Health Education Programs
• What is Covered in Graduate Education?
• Future Challenges and Opportunities

United States Acculturation And Cancer Patients’ End-Of-Life Care, Alexi A. Wright, Heather Stieglitz, Yankel M. Kupersztoch, M. Elizabeth Paulk, Yookyung Kim, Ingrid T. Katz, Francisco Munoz, Rachel B. Jimenez, Jan Mutchler, Lorna Rivera, Anthony L. Back, Holly G. Prigerson

Women’s and Gender Studies Faculty Publication Series

Background: Culture shapes how people understand illness and death, but few studies examine whether acculturation influences patients’ end-of-life treatment preferences and medical care.

Methods and Findings: In this multi-site, prospective, longitudinal cohort study of terminally-ill cancer patients and their caregivers (n = 171 dyads), trained interviewers administered the United States Acculturation Scale (USAS). The USAS is a 19- item scale developed to assess the degree of ‘‘Americanization’’ in first generation or non-US born caregivers of terminally-ill cancer patients. We evaluated the internal consistency, concurrent, criterion, and content validity of the USAS. We also examined whether caregivers’ USAS scores predicted patients’ …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• JPHCOPH Assesses Gaps

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• JPHCOPH Assesses Gaps

The Work Environment Disability-Adjusted Life Year For Use With Life Cycle Assessment: A Methodological Approach, Kelly A. Scanlon, George M. Gray, Royce A. Francis, Shannon M. Lloyd, Peter Lapuma

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systems-based method used to determine potential impacts to the environment associated with a product throughout its life cycle. Conclusions from LCA studies can be applied to support decisions regarding product design or public policy, therefore, all relevant inputs (e.g., raw materials, energy) and outputs (e.g., emissions, waste) to the product system should be evaluated to estimate impacts. Currently, work-related impacts are not routinely considered in LCA. The objectives of this paper are: 1) introduce the work environment disability-adjusted life year (WE-DALY), one portion of a characterization factor used to express the magnitude of …

Building The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Advances In Public Health Services And Systems Research, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Efforts to improve the health and economic performance of the U.S. health system require evidence about how best to deliver public health strategies that protect health and prevent disease and injury on a population-wide basis. The field of public health services and systems research is building a "science of delivery" in public health that complements the evidence-based practice movement in medical care.

From The Frontier: Translating Research To Practice...A Story Of Economic Survival, Paul C. Erwin

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

This article is number two in the series From the Frontier: Translating Research to Practice. The narrative describes the interactions between a local health department director and two academicians in addressing the impact of the 2008 financial crisis. In a first set of activities, practice-academic partners used Financial and Operational Ratio and Trend Analysis to identify periods of a negative total margin and the impact of that on the agency’s declining fund balance. The use of private sector processes of retrenchment, repositioning, and reorganization led to a financial turnaround for the agency. In a second set of activities, practice-academic …

Disparities In Public Health Service Indicators And Governance Structures: Learning Through Comparison Between Usa And Uk, Mark Mccarthy

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In the USA, indicators of public health service performance differ according to governance structures for the services. However, the UK also has disparities in public health indicators by geographical, but uniform public health service governance. The international comparison provides a caution for interpretation of correlation.

Assessing The Potential Impact Of Sequestration On Community Health Centers, Patients, And Medically Underserved Communities, Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Carmen Alvarez, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

A new report by the Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Carmen Alvarez, and Sara Rosenbaum examines the potential impact of sequestration on community health centers and their patients and communities. "Assessing the Potential Impact of Sequestration on Community Health Centers, Patients, and Medically Underserved Communities" estimates that the nation's 1,200 federally funded health centers will lose $120 million in grant funding, and that this funding drop can be expected to translate into 900,000 fewer patients served and 3 million fewer visits. The analysis shows that the cuts will disproportionately impact the poorest Americans, children, young families, and members of ethnic and …

The Last Page: Following Schweitzer's Path, Rima Lathrop Carlson

Colby Magazine

Rima Lathrop Carlson '96 arrived at Albert Schweitzer's clinic in Gabon, West Africa, and discovered a link to past and future.

The Last Page: The Other Sars Epidemic, John Hughes

Colby Magazine

In the weeks before I left for my job teaching English in Wuhan, in central China’s Hubei province, I worried about whether I would be a good teacher, how I would cope with spicy Sichuan cuisine every day and even whether Chinese girls would like me. I didn’t, however, give a thought to the possibility that a deadly disease—and the even more invasive rumors that accompanied it—would consume my life so fully that, in the end, I would count masks as I walked down the street, trying to time my breathing so I exhaled as I passed large groups of …

Is Obesity Socially Contagious?, Ciani Jean Sparks

Statistics

The main objective of this paper is to analyze three different articles that discuss whether obesity could be socially contagious. According to the World Health Organization in 2013, obesity is the fifth leading risk for deaths around the world. This disease has dramatically increased in the last decade, which has led scientists to believe there are other factors contributing to the epidemic besides genetics. The first article I analyzed, written by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler, provided a logistic regression model to estimate the odds of a person becoming obese. The model included the explanatory variables: age, sex, education, smoking …