Public Health Commons^™

A Comparison Of Nursing Service Demand In Title 1 Schools And Non-Title 1 Schools, Karen Ray Stratford

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Children from low-income families are known to struggle academically, but lack of health services may also impact their education. School nurses must identify and manage health problems in the school-age child to improve academic success. Unfortunately, the school nurse-to-student ratio may limit the amount of time nurses can give to the recognition of health problems and appropriate follow-up. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provides Title 1 funding to schools whose enrollment includes at least 40% of low-income families. These federal funds are intended to be used to bridge the achievement gap between low-income students and other students. …

An Examination Of Walkability In The Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, Courtney Coughenour

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: The benefits to regular physical activity are well established. Walkability is one element of the built environment that has been correlated with increased levels of physical activity. The auto-centric design of Las Vegas Metropolitan area (LVMA) is unique in ways that may influence walkability. The purpose of this study was to determine which urban design characteristics are associated with walking and physical activity in moderate income neighborhoods in LVMA. Methods: The standard walkability measure developed by Frank et al. (2010) was used to calculate the walkability index of seven neighborhoods. Residents of the two most walkable and two least …

The Presence Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) On Environmental Surfaces In Healthcare Facilities Pre- And Post-Cleaning, Aaron Thomas Hunt

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a serious public health issue affecting millions of people. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a leading cause of healthcare acquired infections today. Research has shown that patients infected or colonized with MRSA shed the bacteria into the environment, where the bacteria can survive for long periods of time and become potential sources of infection. Currently, infection prevention efforts focus on active surveillance, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment use and antimicrobial stewardship, with less attention given to environmental cleaning. Nevertheless, environmental cleaning is essential to remove infectious agents from environmental surfaces and prevent transmission. The …

Improving Health Outcomes For Children (Ihoc): Summary Of Pediatric Quality Measures For Children Enrolled In Mainecare Ffy 2009 - Ffy 2012, Nathaniel J. Anderson Ms, Mph, Tracey Meagher

Population Health & Health Policy

his report, authored by USM Muskie School research staff, presents the results of the 16 CHIPRA Core Measures that were collected using MaineCare claims or Vital Statistics data and reported in the State of Maine’s FFY 2012 CHIP Annual Report to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Also included in this report are an additional three measures from the Improving Health Outcomes for Children (IHOC) project’s Master List of Pediatric Measures. In addition to presenting results in graphs and narrative, this report also provides measure definitions and background information about each measure topic.

The goal of this document …

Principled Variance Reduction Techniques For Real Time Patient-Specific Monte Carlo Applications Within Brachytherapy And Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Andrew Sampson

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation describes the application of two principled variance reduction strategies to increase the efficiency for two applications within medical physics. The first, called correlated Monte Carlo (CMC) applies to patient-specific, permanent-seed brachytherapy (PSB) dose calculations. The second, called adjoint-biased forward Monte Carlo (ABFMC), is used to compute cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scatter projections. CMC was applied for two PSB cases: a clinical post-implant prostate, and a breast with a simulated lumpectomy cavity. CMC computes the dose difference between the highly correlated dose computing homogeneous and heterogeneous geometries. The particle transport in the heterogeneous geometry assumed a purely homogeneous environment, …

Dsm V: Hope Or Hype?, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

DSM V: HOPE OR HYPE? Amresh Shrivastava, MD,MPM,MRCPsych,FRCPC Associate professor of Psychiatry Western University London, Ontario Since more than 50 years psychiatric diagnostic is being developed by a number of organisations. As research has advanced in understanding mental illnesses,need for a common language has been felt in order to provide best possible care to our patients. The process of psychiatric diagnosis has evolved significantly. WHO as well APA both have made significant advances in developing diagnostic systems. DSM 5 recently approved by board of trustees by Americal psychiatric Association is scheduled to be released on 18th of May. This document …

Pain Management And Menopausal Health Outcomes In Multiple Sclerosis, Rachel Jawahar

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Previous studies have addressed multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom management and improved health-related quality of life (HrQOL). Yet lowered estrogen levels in post-menopasual women with MS may further worsen physical function and symptomology and not all types of pain management have been examined. Objectives: For post-menopausal women with MS, we evaluated the extent to which smoking is associated with worsened health outcomes and HrQOL, and the extent to which menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) improves health outcomes and HrQOL. For all adult men and women with clinically diagnosed MS, we systematically reviewed pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for the reduction of pain. …

Time Dependent Cone-Beam Ct Reconstruction Via A Motion Model Optimized With Forward Iterative Projection Matching, David Staub

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work is to present the development and validation of a novel method for reconstructing time-dependent, or 4D, cone-beam CT (4DCBCT) images. 4DCBCT can have a variety of applications in the radiotherapy of moving targets, such as lung tumors, including treatment planning, dose verification, and real time treatment adaptation. However, in its current incarnation it suffers from poor reconstruction quality and limited temporal resolution that may restrict its efficacy. Our algorithm remedies these issues by deforming a previously acquired high quality reference fan-beam CT (FBCT) to match the projection data in the 4DCBCT data-set, essentially creating a …

The Impact Of Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage On The Use Of Antidementia Drugs, Nicole R. Fowler, Yi-Fan Chen, Christiana A. Thurton, Aiju Men, Eric G. Rodriguez, Julie M. Donohue

Publications and Research

Background Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are prescribed to slow the progression dementia. Although the efficacy of these drugs has been demonstrated, their effectiveness, from the perspective of patients and caregivers, has been questioned. Little is known about whether the demand for cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are sensitive to out-of-pocket cost. Using the 2006 implementation of Medicare Part D as a natural experiment, this study examines the impact of changes in drug coverage on use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine by comparing use before and after Medicare Part D implementation among older adults who did and did not experience a change …

An In-Depth Look At Recent Influenza Seasons And Vaccine Effectiveness, Ariana Ricci

Honors Projects in Science and Technology

This paper aims to present an in-depth exploration of immunology, the influenza virus, vaccination, and vaccination’s effectiveness with respect to influenza. It also delves into the possible causes behind the large increase in early childhood deaths during the 2003-2004 influenza season, which was a turning point in terms of influenza incident reporting. Finally, data analysis on the relationship between childhood flu vaccine coverage and childhood outpatient ILI (influenza-like illness) visits by region is presented as a measurement of vaccine effectiveness and identifier of trends. Although this relationship was not statistically significant (alpha=0.05) regionally, this simply points to alternate factors that …

The Value Of Public Health Financial Data, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Effective policy and administrative decision-making in public health requires reliable information on the amount of resources invested in governmental public health programs and how these resouces are allocated and used across the U.S. public health system. This session examines current and potential uses of public health financial data in the U.S., and considers expanded roles for research in informing policy and administrative decisions.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Risk Factors for Childhood blindness

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Risk Factors for Childhood Blindness

Kromium, Timbal, Dan Merkuri Dalam Air Sumur Masyarakat Di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah, Taufik Ashar, Devi Nuraini Santi, Evi Naria

Kesmas

Tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) sampah domestik dengan sistem penampungan terbuka sangat berisiko mencemari air tanah milik warga yang bermukim di sekitarnya melalui proses perlindian. Untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat dalam air tanah di sekitar TPA, sebanyak 68 sampel air sumur gali (45 sumur Dusun I dan 23 sumur Dusun IV) dari Desa Namobintang Kecamatan Pancurbatu Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, telah dianalisis dengan inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Hubungan jarak sumur dengan konsentrasi kromium, merkuri, dan timbal diuji dengan Mann-Whitney, Spearman’s Correlation dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi kromium, timbal, dan merkuri (rerata ± deviasi standar, …

Deskripsi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Perilaku Ibu, Dan Kesehatan Anak, Kasnodihardjo Kasnodihardjo, Elsa Elsi

Kesmas

Pada tahun 2009, dilakukan penelitian deskriptif di Kecamatan Jatibarang dan Kecamatan Kedokan Bunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sanitasi lingkungan, dan perilaku ibu-ibu dan kejadian penyakit infeksi pada bayi dan anak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan responden ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai bayi/ anak balita berjumlah 401 orang. Penyakit diare pada bayi/anak disebabkan oleh media tercemar yang masuk ke sistem pencernaan melalui sumber air untuk minum maupun mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) yang bukan berasal dari ledeng, keluarga yang tidak mempunyai jamban, ibu yang masih jarang mencuci tangan setelah membersihkan kotoran bayi ataupun setelah buang air besar, meminum dan memakan makanan yang tidak …

Perilaku Remaja Putri Menghadapi Menarche Berdasarkan Nilai Budaya Batak, Merida Simanjuntak, Suryani Manurung, Tri Riana Lestari, Payung Hasibuan

Kesmas

Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi dari masa kanak-kanak menuju masa dewasa yang ditandai oleh perubahan fisik, intelektual, seksual, dan emosional. Menarche pada remaja putri menjadi pertanda memasuki tahapan sistem reproduksi dewasa. Sesuai dengan nilai dan budaya masyarakat, peristiwa menstruasi pertama yang fisiologis itu mendapat respons yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan kerangka teoritis tentang pola perilaku remaja putri dalam menghadapi menarche sesuai dengan nilai dan budaya keluarga Batak di Jakarta. Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan grounded theory dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi literatur. Enam orang informan direkrut dengan cara purposive sampling di wilayah …

Promosi Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Keterampilan Berpola Hidup Sehat Pada Kelompok Senam, L. Meily Kurniawidjaja, Dadan Erwandi, Ike Pujiriani

Kesmas

Pendirian grup senam masyarakat perkotaan sering dipicu oleh ancaman penyakit jantung koroner dan stroke (penyakit kardiovaskular). Banyak diantara mereka masih berisiko tinggi penyakit kardiovaskular antara lain berat badan lebih dan kadar kolesterol tinggi serta faktor umur dan genetik, tetapi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat diturunkan dengan pola hidup sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai pengaruh metode promosi kesehatan dengan pendekatan siklus rekognisi, analisis, perencanaan, komunikasi, persiapan, implementasi, evaluasi, dan kelanjutan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu-ibu pesenam tentang pola hidup sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest and posttest design untuk menilai hasil intervensi pada 60 orang berusia rata-rata 58,26 tahun …

Identifikasi Vektor Malaria, Solikhah Solikhah

Kesmas

Kabupaten Kulonprogo merupakan salah satu daerah endemis malaria di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Lonjakan jumlah kasus malaria terjadi hampir dua kali lipat sejak tahun 2010 hingga bulan Agustus 2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis Plasmodium pada penyakit malaria. Penelitian eksplorasi ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Diagnosis kasus malaria diperiksa menggunakan pemeriksaan darah tebal secara mikroskopis dan untuk mengetahui faktor sosiodemografi dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi studi adalah penduduk di wilayah Kabupaten Kulonprogo yang diambil secara proporsional pada bulan Januari sampai bulan Juni 2012. Data dianalisis secara univariat dalam bentuk grafik dan tabulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah …

Our Diversity Is What Will Drive New Levels Of Excellence, Lisa Barkley

UCF Forum

Diversity has changed and the face of America has changed. As a nation, we have to come to grips with the reality that our melting pot has never had so many ingredients mixed in – and we are never going back to what it used to be.

Automatic Block-Matching Registration To Improve Lung Tumor Localization During Image-Guided Radiotherapy, Scott Robertson

Theses and Dissertations

To improve relatively poor outcomes for locally-advanced lung cancer patients, many current efforts are dedicated to minimizing uncertainties in radiotherapy. This enables the isotoxic delivery of escalated tumor doses, leading to better local tumor control. The current dissertation specifically addresses inter-fractional uncertainties resulting from patient setup variability. An automatic block-matching registration (BMR) algorithm is implemented and evaluated for the purpose of directly localizing advanced-stage lung tumors during image-guided radiation therapy. In this algorithm, small image sub-volumes, termed “blocks”, are automatically identified on the tumor surface in an initial planning computed tomography (CT) image. Each block is independently and automatically registered …

Sociodemographic Characteristics, Distance To The Clinic, And Breast Cancer Screening Results, Seijeoung Kim, Beverly Chukwudozie, Elizabeth Calhoun

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Timely detection and follow-up of abnormal cellular changes can aid in early diagnosis of breast cancer, thus leading to better treatment outcomes. However, despite substantial breast cancer screening initiatives, the proportion of female breast cancer cases diagnosed at late stages remains high. Distance to screening clinics may affect access to care, particularly for women living in impoverished areas with limited means of reliable transportation. Utilizing breast cancer screening data collected by the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program between 1996 and 2010, we examined the effect of travel distance to the clinic from which women received breast cancer screening tests …

The Effect Of Race/Ethnicity On The Age Of Colon Cancer Diagnosis, Matthew Katz, Maryann E. Parrish, Ellen Li, Yuanhao Zhang, Wei Zhu, Kenneth Shroyer, Roberto Bergamaschi, Jennie L. Williams

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Notably, racial/ethnic disparities exist in both incidence and mortality.

PURPOSE: The aim of this case study was to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a defined population in Suffolk County, NY.

METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected on race/ethnicity, health insurance status, age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, tumor location, and body mass index for colorectal cancer patients with medical records in the Stony Brook University Medical Center database (2005-2011). Population-based data on Hispanic …

The Normative Dimensions Of Health Disparities, Andrew Ward, Pamela Jo Johnson, Mollie O'Brien

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Understanding what conditions must be satisfied for a health inequality to be a health inequity (disparity) is crucial for health policy makers. The failure to understand what constitutes a health inequity, and confusing health inequalities with health inequities threatens the successful creation of health policies by diverting needed attention and resources away from addressing health inequalities that are health inequities. More generally, the failure threatens to undercut our ability to tell what research is relevant to the creation of health policies that aim to mitigate or eliminate health inequities. With this in mind, the principal aim of the present paper …

Discrimination In Medical Settings And Attitudes Toward Complementary And Alternative Medicine: The Role Of Distrust In Conventional Providers, Tetyana Shippee, Carrie Henning-Smith, Nathan Shippee, Jessie Kemmick Pintor, Kathleen T. Call, Donna Mcalpine, Pamela Jo Johnson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This study examines the relationship between racial/ethnic discrimination in medical settings, distrust in conventional medicine, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among a racially/ethnically diverse sample. We also investigate how this relationship differs by nativity. Data are from a 2008 statewide stratified sample of publicly insured adults in Minnesota (N=2,194). Discrimination was measured as self-reported unfair treatment in medical settings due to race, ethnicity, and/or nationality. Outcomes are trust in conventional providers/medicine and attitudes toward CAM modalities. Discrimination in medical settings was positively associated with 1) distrust in conventional providers and 2) favorable attitudes toward CAM. Foreign-born …

A Diabetes Prevention Program Provided By Home Care Nurses To Residents Of Public Housing Communities, Robin Whittemore Phd, Alana Rosenberg Mph, Sangchoon Jeon Phd

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The purpose of this pilot study was 1) to modify the Diabetes Prevention Program protocol collaboratively with home care nurses, health professionals, and residents of public housing: 2) to evaluate the feasibility (reach and implementation) and the preliminary efficacy of the modified diabetes prevention program (mDPP) provided by home care nurses to adults at-risk for T2D on clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes compared to an enhanced standard care control group. A mixed-method sequential design was used. The sample (n=67) was primarily female (79%), with a mean age of 40 years, and of diverse race and ethnicity (76% non-White). Home care …

Lessons Learned From Training Of Promotores De Salud For Obesity And Diabetes Prevention, Erica T. Sosa, Lesli Biediger-Friedman, Zenong Yin

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Promotores de Salud are impactful in reducing health disparities for Hispanic communities. The purpose of this paper is to present the training process and fidelity of study protocol implementation using a promotora model for community-based diabetes prevention.

Methods: Five Hispanic bilingual promotores were recruited from a Community Health Worker program and received intensive 30-hour promotora training on how to recruit participants, lead group sessions, and support participants making behavior changes. Evaluation of the training included a survey and focus group to assess promotores’ feedback, a post-training knowledge test to assess knowledge acquired during the training and an observational assessment …

Développement D'Une Procédure De Mesure De L'Efficacité Des Filtres D'Appareils De Protection Respiratoire N95 Contre Les Nanoparticules, Fariborz Haghighat, Ali Bahloul, Jaime Lara, Reza Mostofi, Alireza Mahdavi

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les risques pour la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs exposés à l’inhalation de nanoparticules (NP) soulèvent de plus en plus d’inquiétudes. Parmi les sources d’émission de nanoparticules en milieu de travail figurent les effluents et les émanations de divers procédés, tels l’ablation et le fraisage laser. Les nanoparticules ont des propriétés potentiellement toxiques, à savoir une surface totale, une concentration en nombre et une réactivité surfacique élevées. Il a été démontré que l’inhalation – la voie d’exposition la plus courante aux nanoparticules – a des effets nocifs sur les fonctions pulmonaires, et que les particules déposées dans les poumons …

Healthy Skin Is In: Effects Of A Multifaceted Sun Safety Program For Adolescents, Lindsay A. Munden

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Skin cancer is a common, potentially life threatening disease notably on the rise among young Americans. A substantial portion of lifetime exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the greatest modifiable risk factor for skin cancer development, occurs during childhood and adolescence. Schools infrequently integrate sun safety education into the classroom and many lack essential sun safety policies. The purpose of this EBP project was to implement a multifaceted educational intervention providing middle school students with the knowledge behavioral skills needed to minimize the risk of developing skin cancer. The Health Belief Model and ACE Star Model of evidence-based practice guided this …

Mccormack, Joseph Nathaniel, 1847-1922 (Sc 1005), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1005. Letter addressed to “Dear Doctor”, sent by secretary Joseph Nathaniel McCormack of the Kentucky State Board of Health, Bowling Green, Kentucky, extolling the merit of the Rosenow-Mayo vaccine for the prevention of influenza and pneumonia. Dr. Lillian South is noted as the one in charge of the vaccine distribution.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Alumni Named HELI Scholars