Public Health Commons^™

Paleoparasitology: The Origin Of Human Parasites; Paleoparasitologia: A Origem Dos Parasitas Humanos, Adauto Araújo, Karl Reinhard, Luis Fernando Ferreira, Elisa Pucu, Pedro Paulo Chieffi

Karl Reinhard Publications

Parasitism is composed by three subsystems: the parasite, the host, and the environment. There are no organisms that cannot be parasitized. The relationship between a parasite and its host species most of the time do not result in damage or disease to the host. However, in a parasitic disease the presence of a given parasite is always necessary, at least in a given moment of the infection. Some parasite species that infect humans were inherited from pre-hominids, and were shared with other phylogenetically close host species, but other parasite species were acquired from the environment as humans evolved. Human migration …

Military Tobacco Dependence Treatment: Implications Of Treatment Type On Abstinence And Weight Management Ability, Bradley A. Briscoe

DNP Projects

Military readiness, employer productivity and individual health are all significantly impacted by high rates of tobacco use. Current research, to date, suggests that use of brief, individually tailored behavioral modification strategies through group therapy may be most effective in smoking cessation. The objective of this Practice Inquiry Project was to explore aspects of tobacco use the U.S. military population and examine potential relationships between type of treatment, smoking abstinence, and maintenance of body weight (e.g. avoid weight gain) among those seeking tobacco use cessation. The findings of this project can provide guidance on enhancing current tobacco cessation efforts to enable …

Family-Focused Physical Activity, Diet, And Obesity Interventions In African-American Girls: A Systematic Review, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Alexis W. Adams-Wynn, Katherine I. Disantis, Shiriki Kumanyika

Faculty Publications

Obesity interventions that involve family members may be effective with racial/ethnic minority youth. This review assessed the nature and effectiveness of family involvement in obesity interventions among African-American girls aged 5-18 years, a population group with high rates of obesity. Twenty-six databases were searched between January 2011 and March 2012, yielding 27 obesity pilot or full-length prevention or treatment studies with some degree of family involvement and data specific to African-American girls. Interventions varied in type and level of family involvement, cultural adaptation, delivery format, and behavior change intervention strategies; most targeted parent-child dyads. Some similarities in approach based on …

Evaluation Of A Novel Rapid Diagnostic Test For Schistosoma Haematobium Based On The Detection Of Human Immunoglobulins Bound To Filtered Schistosoma Haematobium Eggs, Johnathan M. Sheele, Jimmy H. Kihara, Sarah Baddorf, Jonathan Byrne, Bhaskara Ravi

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Objectives To determine whether the detection of human IgG bound to Schistosoma haematobium eggs from filtered urine could be used as a rapid diagnostic test (RDT-Sh).

Methods We filtered 160 urine samples from children in the Kwale District of Kenya to isolate S.haematobium eggs and used anti-human IgG antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to bind to the human IgG attached to the eggs. We then added 3,35,5-tetramethylbenzidine base (TMB), which turns blue in the presence of horseradish peroxidase to detect the S.haematobium eggs. The RDT-Sh was compared in a blinded manner to urine microscopy.

Results The RDT-Sh was positive in …

Doctors Without Borders: Putting The Pieces Together, Deniss Lujon

A with Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Nevada Children’S Policy Update Bill And Bill Draft Requests - 2013 Nv Legislative Session, The Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy, Children’S Advocacy Alliance

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

Bill and Bill Draft Requests for 2013 NV Legislative Session for Nevada Children’s Policy Update.

Bloomberg’S Health Legacy: Urban Innovator Or Meddling Nanny?, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Michael Bloomberg leaves the mayoralty of New York City, with his health legacy is bitterly contested. The public health community views him as an urban innovator—a rare political and business leader willing to fight for a built environment conducive to healthier, safer lifestyles. To his distractors, however, Bloomberg epitomizes a meddling nanny—an elitist dictating to largely poor and working class people about how they ought to lead their lives. His policies have sparked intense public, corporate, and political ire—critical of sweeping mayoral power to socially engineer the city and its inhabitants.

Here, I seek to show how Bloomberg has fundamentally …

Ciclovía Initiatives: Engaging Communities, Partners, And Policy Makers Along The Route To Success, Susan G. Zieff Phd, J. Aaron Hipp, Amy A. Eyler, Mi-Sook Kim Phd

Brown School Faculty Publications

Recent efforts to increase physical activity through changes to the built environment have led to strategies and programs that use existing public space, including bicycle lanes, temporary parks, and the ciclovia initiative (scheduled events in which streets are closed to motorized vehicles and opened for recreational activities) popularized in South America. Objective: This article describes and compares the processes and structures involved in developing and implementing a ciclovia-type program in 2 US urban contexts: San Francisco, California, and St Louis, Missouri. Considering the current growth of and interest in ciclovia initiatives, important outcomes, lessons learned are offered for application in …

Comparison Of Fabricated Carbon Nanotube Sorbent Felts And 3m Charcoal Sorbent Wafers To Assess Passive Sampling, Samantha Connell

All ETDs from UAB

Passive air sampling is the preferred method of air sampling for many applications. Traditionally, this method uses activated charcoal as the sorbent and samples are analyzed by chemical or thermal desorption. This research explores the use of carbon nanotubes in the form of a felt as a sorbent for passive sampling by comparing the mass uptake and percent yield to that of the 3MTM Organic Vapor Monitor (OVM) 3500 over four time trials. The desorption efficiency, adsorption capacity, and mass uptake of the fabricated felts are very similar to the 3MTM OVM 3500. It was expected that the fabricated felts …

Association Between Cruciferous Vegetable Intake And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer Among Men In Shanghai, China, Emily Vogtmann

All ETDs from UAB

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern and the intake of certain foods, such as cruciferous vegetables, has been studied for their potential protective effects against cancer development. The observed association between cruciferous vegetable consumption and CRC has been inconsistent, possibly related to glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms. Therefore, we aimed to (1) evaluate the association between fruits and vegetables, including cruciferous vegetables, on the risk of CRC; (2) determine factors associated with urinary isothiocyanate (ITC), a biomarker of cruciferous vegetable intake; and (3) evaluate the association between cruciferous vegetable consumption and CRC and to estimate the potential …

Spatial Analysis Of Cardiovascular Mri Data, Samantha Seals

All ETDs from UAB

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate applying currently available Frequentist spatial analysis methods to cardiovascular MRI (cMRI) data. This data is typically analyzed using methods dependent summary statistics; our goal is to analyze using the full dataset. In our first paper, we explore application of spatial covariance structures to cMRI data via a generalized linear model. In our second paper, we examine the effects of misspecification of the covariance structure when analyzing spatially correlated data utilizing generalized linear models via Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, in our third paper, we propose an alternative family of covariance structures that lends …

Identification And Biochemical Investigations Of Rhamnose And Glycoprotein In Mycoplasmas, David Jordan

All ETDs from UAB

Mycoplasmas are host-specific human and animal pathogens within the class of wall-deficient bacteria named Mollicutes and have smaller sizes and genomes than the walled bacteria. Mycoplasma genome sequences reveal few if any genes for synthesis of a glycocalyx. Nevertheless, we find that mycoplasmas produce glycolipids, glycoprotein, and polysaccharides. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and galactose were detected in the glycolytic species Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pulmonis. All of these sugars except galactose was found in Mycoplasma arthritidis. Rhamnose was in the rare D configuration in the glycolytic species and in both D and L forms in …

Studies On Distracted Driving: Three Papers Examining The State Of The Literature And The Impact Of Texting Restrictions On Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Fatalities And Hospitalizations, Alva Oletia Ferdinand

All ETDs from UAB

ABSTRACT This three-paper dissertation addresses gaps in the literature focused on distracted driving and the impact of regulations aimed at reducing its prevalence. With the widespread proliferation of mobile phone usage and more sophisticated in-vehicle entertainment and information systems, it is now commonplace for drivers to engage in non-driving activities (also referred to as "secondary tasks") while driving. It is widely believed that distracted driving is positively related to motor vehicle crashes and other undesirable driving outcomes. This dissertation specifically focuses on three topics: (1) the nature of the distracted driving literature given the numerous secondary tasks, driving performance outcomes, …

The Impact Of Weight Status On The Adoption Of Self-Care Behaviors Among Heart Failure Patients, Bern'nadette Knight

All ETDs from UAB

Self-care is a major component of heart failure management. Excess weight is a disease that may negatively affect a patient's ability to effectively practice self-care. The project aimed to assess 1) the relationship between weight status and heart failure self-care behaviors and 2) the modification of the relationship between social support and heart failure self-care by weight status. This cross sectional study utilized baseline data from a cohort of African-American and Caucasian participants diagnosed with heart failure. The heart failure cohort was formed from three larger studies (n=690) designed to assess the relationships among social support, self-care behaviors and hospital …

Uptake Of Antenatal Care Services And Pregnancy Outcome In Kumasi, Ghana, Asundep Ntui

All ETDs from UAB

A prior study reported a 44.6% prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Kumasi, Ghana. This study investigated factors that may influence antenatal care (ANC) utilization and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes; defined as low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm delivery or small for gestational age among pregnant women in Kumasi. A quantitative cross sectional study of 643 women, age 19-48 years who presented for delivery at select public hospitals and private traditional birth attendants from July through November 2011 was conducted. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and other factors associated with ANC attendance was collected using a structured questionnaire. Medical and …

Host Genetic Factors Associated With Cervical Human Papillomavirus Clearance, Staci Lynn Sudenga

All ETDs from UAB

This dissertation research focuses on how variants in various host genes are associated with clearance of HPV in three longitudinal cohorts from the United States. I first examined the definition of the intermediate phenotype to cervical cancer, HPV persistence and then I incorporated this phenotype in all my three aims by examining variations in xenobiotic metabolism genes in HIV-1 negative and immune-related genes in HIV-1 positive females and how these contribute to HPV infection outcomes. Several significant variants were associated with HPV clearance for the three aims. For the first aim, in ALTS assessing functional variants within xenobiotic metabolism genes …

Interracial Couple Status In Relation To Birth Outcomes Among Singleton Infants Born To U.S. Resident Mothers, 2004-2008., Su Jin Jeong

All ETDs from UAB

Due to the growing trend in interracial marriages in the United States, the issue of birth outcomes to infants born to such couples deserves more attention and examination. The purpose of this population-based, cross-sectional, observational study is to examine the association between interracial couple status and birth outcomes (i.e. low birth weight, very low birth weight, preterm birth, very preterm birth, small for gestational age) among singleton infants delivered in the United States. Interracial couples are defined as those in a relationship who are not of the same race or ethnic designation. Non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian, Chinese, Filipino, …

Sustaining Juvenile Justice System Reform: A Report To The Louisiana Juvenile Justice Implementation Commission - Appendices, Institute For Public Health And Justice, Juvenile Justice System Reform

Policy & Position Papers

No abstract provided.

Sustaining Juvenile Justice System Reform: A Report To The Louisiana Juvenile Justice Implementation Commission - Executive Summary, Institute For Public Health And Justice, Juvenile Justice System Reform

Policy & Position Papers

No abstract provided.

Sustaining Juvenile Justice System Reform: A Report To The Louisiana Juvenile Justice Implementation Commission, Institute For Public Health And Justice, Juvenile Justice System Reform

Policy & Position Papers

No abstract provided.

The First Hundred Years Of The Nebraska Public Health Laboratory: A Major Role Played In The Development Of Public Health, Kristin A. Watkins, Peter C. Iwen, Anthony R. Sambol

History of the College of Public Health: Papers and Posters

Public health laboratories are the invisible key to public health. These laboratories have played a significant role in the health of the community since their inception in the late 1800s. They provide confirmation of disease outbreaks and statistics on the health and welfare of the people, with more recent activities in the detection of biological and chemical agents of terrorism. However, the history of these laboratories is mostly unknown. For instance, a recent brief historical account of the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services did not include information on the state public health laboratory in the timeline of historical …

Accessibility Of Antenatal Services At Primary Healthcare Facilities In Punjab, Pakistan, Muhammad Ashraf Majrooh, Seema Hasnain, Javaid Akram, Arif Siddiqui, Fatimah Shah, Zahid Memon

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Introduction: Almost one-fifth of the world\'s population constitutes women of reproductive age who are repeatedly exposed to pregnancy and childbearing. Many are often at high risk of illness and mortality during pregnancy and require maternal healthcare services for early detection of complications. More than 0.5 million women die every year worldwide due to pregnancy-related complications. Almost 0.03 million of them are in Pakistan. Maternal healthcare in Pakistan is poor and results in high rates of morbidity and mortality. This paper evaluates the accessibility of antenatal care (ANC) services in primary healthcare settings in the Punjab province of Pakistan during the …

Impact Of Climate Change On Occupational Health And Safety, Ariane Adam-Poupart, France Labrèche, Audrey Smargiassi, Patrice Duguay, Marc-Antoine Busque, Charles Gagné, Joseph Zayed

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les effets des changements climatiques (CC) sont souvent discutés en fonction de leurs impacts sur l’environnement et sur la population générale. Toutefois, leurs conséquences sur la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs (SST) n'ont été que très peu abordées par la communauté scientifique. Pourtant, les travailleurs peuvent être directement ou indirectement affectés par les CC notamment par des contraintes thermiques auxquelles ils peuvent être exposés ou encore, par des modifications aux écosystèmes qui sont à la base de leurs activités économiques. L’objectif général de cette étude était d’explorer les avenues de recherche en regard de l’impact négatif des changements climatiques …

Participatory Training In Manual Handling: Theoretical Foundations And Proposed Approach, Denys Denis, Monique Lortie, Marie St-Vincent, Maud Gonella, André Plamondon, Alain Delisle, Jacques Tardif

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Les activités de manutention sont source de blessures musculo-squelettiques – particulièrement au dos – et ont fait l’objet de plusieurs études et d’efforts de prévention au fil des ans. Former les manutentionnaires est une avenue de prévention répandue. Une approche de formation dominante consiste à enseigner des consignes de base qui se matérialisent à travers des techniques standards que les manutentionnaires doivent appliquer en tout temps. Certaines études récentes remettent en question les effets de ces formations tandis que d’autres apportent un regard nouveau sur la réalité du travail de manutention. …

Ceinture De Sécurité Pour Chariots Élévateurs À Contrepoids : Étude Préliminaire De Critères Normatifs Et D'Utilisabilité, Denis Rancourt, Sylvie Beaugrand, Christian Larue, Geneviève Masson

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Depuis l’entrée en vigueur d’un nouvel article du Règlement québécois sur la santé et la sécurité du travail (RSST), les chariots élévateurs en porte-à-faux à grande levée, à poste de conduite au centre non élevable et à conducteur assis doivent être munis d’un dispositif de retenue empêchant le cariste d’être écrasé par la structure du chariot lors d’un renversement. La ceinture de sécurité pelvienne est un des moyens les plus couramment utilisés actuellement pour satisfaire cette exigence. À partir de la consultation des écrits, de l’examen sommaire de quelques ceintures vendues …

Gants Résistant Aux Piqûres D’Aiguilles : Évaluation De La Dextérité Manuelle, De La Sensibilité Tactile Et Du Confort Pour Les Travailleurs : Étude Exploratoire, Chantal Gauvin, Jaime Lara

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Les policiers, les agents de la paix en services correctionnels, les éboueurs et les cols bleus horticulteurs sont très préoccupés par les risques de piqûre avec des aiguilles hypodermiques. Ces piqûres les exposent à du sang potentiellement contaminé et au risque de contracter des maladies transmissibles par le sang telles que le VIH et les hépatites B et C. Ces travailleurs doivent porter des gants résistant aux piqûres d’aiguilles tout en conservant une dextérité manuelle et une sensibilité tactile adéquates. Le choix de gants de protection dont ils disposent est limité, …

Predictors Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders In Police Officers: Prospective Study, André Marchand, Richard Boyer, Céline Nadeau, Mélissa Martin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Ce projet de recherche vise à mieux comprendre le développement de l'état de stress post-traumatique (ÉSPT), à la suite d'un accident de travail, par l'étude des facteurs de risque et de protection qui y sont associés. Il provient d'une demande du milieu policier où les travailleurs sont fréquemment exposés à des événements traumatiques (ÉT). Les chercheurs posent l'hypothèse que les facteurs péri et post-traumatiques pourront mieux expliquer le développement de l'ÉSPT et l'adaptation aux ÉT vécus par le personnel exposé que les facteurs pré-traumatiques. Cette étude est originale, car elle s'intéresse …

Presence, Intensity, And Temporal Changes In Generalized Anxiety Disorder Maintenance Factors In Workers Undergoing Rehabilitation For Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain, Marie-France Coutu, Marie-José Durand, André Marchand, Marie-Élise Labrecque, Djamal Berbiche, Geneviève Cadieux

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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Problématique : La prévalence du trouble d’anxiété généralisée (TAG) est plus élevée chez les personnes ayant une lombalgie, comparativement à la population en générale. En présence d’un TAG, l’intolérance à l’incertitude sera élevée et des stratégies inefficaces entraîneront le maintien de l’anxiété. À long terme, une réduction de l’efficacité personnelle à résoudre des problèmes et l’apparition de symptômes dépressifs pourraient nuire au retour au travail. L’objectif général de cette étude exploratoire vise à mieux comprendre la nature des manifestations anxieuses de travailleurs ayant un TMS persistant. Pour ce faire l’objectif principal …

Validation Of A Mechanical Hazard Fault Tree For Interventions In Printing Press Danger Zones, Laurent Giraud, Sabrina Jocelyn, Barthélemy Aucourt, Serge Massé, Renaud Daigle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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En 2006, un recensement des pratiques d'usage les plus sécuritaires, relatives à des interventions sur des presses à imprimer, a été effectué par l'Association paritaire de santé et de sécurité du travail secteur imprimerie et activités connexes (ASP imprimerie), dans le but d'établir une procédure de travail sécuritaire propre à ces machines qui comportent plusieurs zones dangereuses. À partir de cela, l'ASP a construit un arbre de défaillance retraçant les combinaisons de causes engendrant l'écrasement d'une partie du corps d'un travailleur dans un angle rentrant de presse à imprimer. …

Development Of A Clinical Practice Guideline On Work Functioning Assessment Of The Physically Impaired Person, Sophie Roy, Marie-José Durand, Hélène Corriveau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

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L’évaluation des capacités reliées au travail (ÉCT) de personnes souffrant d’une déficience physique est courante en ergothérapie. Les résultats obtenus servent à déterminer l’admissibilité à des services de réadaptation, à aider à la décision lors d’un processus de réorientation professionnelle ou encore l’admissibilité à des indemnités de remplacement de revenus. Ils peuvent aussi être utilisés dans la planification des interventions de réadaptation visant le retour en emploi ou pour l’adaptation d’un poste de travail. Cependant, la pratique des cliniciens à l’égard de l’ÉCT présente une grande variabilité qui pose un questionnement …