Public Health Commons^™

Motivating Men Who Have Sex With Men To Get Tested For Hiv, Magaly M. Blas, Luis A. Menacho, Isaac E. Alva, E. Roberto Orellana

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although men who have sex with men (MSM) have the highest HIV prevalence in Peru, they are underserved by traditional preventive programs. Interestingly, in Peru the Internet and cell-phones have emerged as a convenient tool to reach this population.

Arsenic Contamination In Groundwater In Vietnam: An Overview And Analysis Of The Historical, Cultural, Economic, And Political Parameters In The Success Of Various Mitigation Options, Thuy M. Ly

Pomona Senior Theses

Although arsenic is naturally present in the environment, 99% of human exposure to arsenic is through ingestion. Throughout history, arsenic is known as “the king of poisons”; it is mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. Even in smaller concentrations, it accumulates in the body and takes decades before any physical symptoms of arsenic poisoning shows. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the safe concentration of arsenic in drinking water is 10 µg/L. However, this limit is often times ignored until it is decades too late and people begin showing symptoms of having been poisoned.

This is the current situation for Vietnam, …

A School-Based, Peer Leadership Physical Activity Intervention For 6th Graders: Feasibility And Results Of A Pilot Study, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Melissa N. Laska, Sara Veblen-Mortenson, Kian Farbakhsh, Bonnie Dudovitz, Mary Story

Faculty Publications

Background: The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in 6th graders by developing and testing the feasibility of an enhanced Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (PALA) program comprised of a peer leadership component and innovative exercise resource toolkit including DVDs. Methods: A racially/ethnically diverse sample of students received the standard PALA program (2 control schools, n = 61) or enhanced PALA+Peers program (2 intervention schools, n = 87) during 2006-2007 academic year. Results: Compared with the control condition, the intervention was successful in increasing moderate physical activity in all students (P = .02) and …

Adverse Metabolic Response To Regular Exercise: Is It A Rare Or Common Occurrence?, Claude Bouchard, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church, Conrad P. Earnest, James M. Hagberg, Keijo Häkkinen, Nathan T. Jenkins, Laura Karavirta, William E. Kraus, Dabeeru C. Rao, Mark A. Sarzynski, James S. Skinner, Cris A. Slentz, Tuomo Rankinen

Faculty Publications

Background: Individuals differ in the response to regular exercise. Whether there are people who experience adverse changes in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors has never been addressed.

Methodology/Principle Findings: An adverse response is defined as an exercise-induced change that worsens a risk factor beyond measurement error and expected day-to-day variation. Sixty subjects were measured three times over a period of three weeks, and variation in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and in fasting plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), in insulin (FI) was quantified. The technical error (TE) defined as the within-subject standard deviation derived from these measurements was computed. An …

Variables Associated With Critical Illness Among Clark County Residence Hospitalized With H1n1 Influenza A Virus During The 2009 Influenza Season., Jonathan P. Hyatt

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background:In 2009, a novel H1N1 Influenza A virus was detected in the population. Because it can potentially affect a different population than the influenza strains circulating for the past 35 years, it is critical for physicians, practitioners and public health organizations to understand who is susceptible to this disease, and which sub-populations are most likely to suffer critical illness. The objective of this study was to examine the factors unique to 2009 H1N1 infection, with the goal of finding the variables associated with ICU admission (Critical Illness) in the Clark County 2009 H1N1 patient.

Methods:Factors that were assessed in this …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Oral Health Services For Underserved Children In Clark County, Nevada, Earl Taylor Spader

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Disparities in utilization of oral health services have been shown to exist through epidemiological investigations and data analysis. Specifically, disparities exist for utilization of preventative dental care (PDC) and unmet dental need (UDN). The disparities in utilization of PDC and UDN are associated with demographic and insurance variables.

To address the oral health disparities, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine (UNLV-SDM) was created to improve the health of the citizens of Nevada through innovative programs of oral healthcare services to the community. More recently, UNLV-SDM opened a pediatric dental residency training program to provide care directly to …

Population-Based Survey Of Lumbar Surgery Beliefs In The United States, Amanda Elyse Mccauley, Zachery Clark Rasmussen

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose/Hypothesis: Studies have shown that poor lumbar surgery outcomes may be influenced by a person’s preconceived perceptions of low back surgery (LBS). However, the perceptions of the general population about issues related to lumbar surgery are not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the general population’s perceptions regarding LBS.

Number of Subjects: This study included 262 participants (Average age: 46.1, SD=16.9; 125 Males, 137 Females) who completed the questionnaire from the general population in the Las Vegas area.

Materials/Methods: Questionnaire development involved expert panel feedback from three physical therapists, three spine surgeons, two surgeon assistants/nurses, two …

Cattle Browsing Sagebrush Steppe During Fall: Effects On Plant Community Structure And Influence Of Experience On Cattle Foraging Behavior And Body Weights, Charles A. Petersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Historic and repetitious spring grazing by livestock, combined with altered fire regimes, has increased the density and abundance of big sagebrush and reduced the frequency of perennial grasses and forbs on many western landscapes. Periodic disturbance is critical for maintaining and improving sagebrush ecosystems. Compared with traditional disturbances – chemical, mechanical, and fire – strategic grazing with livestock offers several benefits. They include creating locally adapted cattle that can rejuvenate sagebrush steppe, which reduces costs associated with mechanical and chemical rejuvenation treatments and feeding cattle during winter, the major cost of ranch operation.

I evaluated the practicality of strategically timed …

Predictors Of Contralateral Breast Cancer In Brca Negative Women, Ann E. Simmons

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis and second leading cause of death in women. Risk factors associated with breast cancer include: increased age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, white race, physical inactivity, benign breast conditions, reproductive and hormonal factors, dietary factors, and family history. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Women carrying a mutation in these genes are at an increased risk to develop a second breast cancer. Contralateral breast cancer is the most common second primary cancer in patients treated for a first breast cancer. Other risk …

Border Hispanics’ Physical Activity Improvement In A Chronic Disease Prevention Program, Lu Xu

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

In seeking of effective prevention programs to improve physical activities, we want to examine the factors related to physical activities improvement in Alliance for a Healthy Border, a chronic disease prevention program with pre-post-post evaluations through 12 federally qualified community health centers serving primarily Hispanics in communities along the U.S.- Mexico border. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between physical activity and twenty predictors at baseline. Multinomial regression was used to examine the determinants of physical activities improvement at two time points: program end and post six-months. Socio-demographic, baseline health condition factors, and determination of doing physical activity …

Individual Resilience, Social Support, And Health Risk Behaviors In Adolescents And Young Adults: Study On Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Samples, Chuong Hong Nguyen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Resilience is considered the ability that a person gains positive achievements despite exposure to significantly adverse life conditions. However, a majority of previous research has focused on human developmental tasks or academic achievements. Evidence of resilience on health risk behaviors has not been comprehensively established yet. The purposes of this dissertation were to extend the existing literature about the stability of resilience through time, to examine how the resilience scale concurrently and prospectively predict resilience statuses, and to explore effects of Social support over a long period of lifetime. The dissertation used a secondary database from the public-use version of …

Elementary School Based Health Centers As Providers Of School Entry Health Exams: Do They Meet The Standards?, Roberta Bavin

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The health of today's children is crucial for the future of our society. There are many children without access to healthcare in these turbulent economic times; times that are increasingly uncertain as society maneuvers its way through the maze of healthcare reform. School based health centers (SBHCs) provide a safety net for children needing basic healthcare who are otherwise underserved. School entry health examinations (SEHE) are legal requirements in many states, and are a proven method for identifying health conditions early enough in a child's life that they can be corrected. Treating identified health conditions facilitates academic success for children, …

Why Access Barriers To Primary Care Exist For People With Mobility Disabilities: A Mixed Methods Study Of Health Care Administrators, Jennifer Renee Pharr

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Previous studies have been conducted to assess the barriers that limit access to health care services for people with disabilities. However, no study has been conducted to understand why barriers exist. Do practice administrators lack knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) or is cost the issue? The purpose of this study was to examine why structural and equipment barriers exist that limit access to primary health care for people with disabilities.

A convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed. Practice administrators were selected for this study because of their oversight of the budget, equipment purchasing, facility operations and …

Perceptions Of Barriers That Inhibit African American Women And Adolescent Girls From Participation In Physical Activity, Sonya Daniels Walker

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This study examined the barriers to leisure time physical activity for African American women and their adolescent daughters. Six mother-daughter dyads were interviewed who have access to physical activity opportunity. Three of the dyads participated in a follow-up focus group. A qualitative research design that utilized a grounded theory approach identified two themes for the women and two themes for the girls. Themes for the women include influence of culture and low physical activity IQ. Sub-themes of influence of culture are (a) hair and (b) body image. Sub-themes of low physical activity IQ are (a) mommy guilt, (b) perception of …

Effects Of Temperature On Emergence And Seasonality Of West Nile Virus In California, David M. Hartley, Christopher M. Barker, Arnaud Le Menach, Tianchan Niu, Holly Gaff, William K. Reisen

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Temperature has played a critical role in the spatiotemporal dynamics of West Nile virus transmission throughout California from its introduction in 2003 through establishment by 2009. We compared two novel mechanistic measures of transmission risk, the temperature-dependent ratio of virus extrinsic incubation period to the mosquito gonotrophic period (BT), and the fundamental reproductive ratio (R₀) based on a mathematical model, to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of receptivity to viral amplification. Maps of BT and R₀ were created at 20-km scale and compared throughout California to seroconversions in sentinel chicken flocks at half-month intervals. Overall, estimates of BT and …

Persistent Disparities In Cholesterol Screening Among Immigrants To The United States, Jim P. Stimpson, Fernando A. Wilson, Rosenda Murillo, Jose A. Pagan

Publications and Research

Background: This study compared differences in cholesterol screening among immigrant populations and US born race/ethnic groups and whether improving access to health care reduced differences in screening.

Methods: Self-reported cholesterol screening for adults was calculated from multivariate logistic regression analysis of the 1988–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (N = 17,118). Immigrant populations were classified by place of birth and length of residency.

Results: After adjusting for individual characteristics and access to health care, the multivariate adjusted probability of cholesterol screening is significantly lower for persons originating from Mexico (70.9%) compared to persons born in the US (80.1%) or …

Health Professions Education And Professional Obligations, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

While there are differences in academic degree and length of time spent preparing to practice, all health professionals must meet certain requirements to commence and remain in practice in the United States. This Basic outlines the educational requirements of the various professions and the processes designed to demonstrate continuing competence in practice.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Congratulations JPHCOPH Faculty!

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Congratulations JPHCOPH Faculty!

Risk Factors For Secondary Infertility Among Women In Karachi, Pakistan., Neelofar Sami, Tazeen S. Ali, Saba Wasim, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Secondary infertility in developing countries is mostly attributable to blockage of the fallopian tubes due to adhesions caused by reproductive tract infections. There is a dearth of information on the prevalence and causes of secondary infertility from Pakistan. This paper presents results on factors associated with secondary infertility among married women in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted. Cases were women aged 15-35 years with history of at least one previous conception and currently seeking treatment for secondary infertility. Controls were women residing in the neighborhood of cases with at least one live birth and not …

Adult Attachment Style, Spirituality, And Religiosity Among Individuals In Treatment For Substance Use Disorders, E Gail Horton, Naelys Diaz, Michael Weiner, Tammy Malloy

Florida Public Health Review

Spirituality and religiosity are considered to be protective factors in the treatment of substance abuse. Little is known, however, about how adult attachment style may be associated with levels of spirituality and religiosity. This study explored adult at- tachment styles among individuals in inpatient treatment for substance abuse and dependence and determined if there were significant differences between spirituality and/or religiosity variables by adult attachment style within the sample. Results indicated that neither of the religiosity variables varied by attachment style, but that one of two subscales in the spirituality measure, existential purpose and meaning, did vary significantly. Specifically, differences …

Investing In A Healthier Future: Iom Dissemination Workshop, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This session discusses strategies for implementing new financing strategies and funding mechanisms for public health services.

Mencegah Dan Menanggulangi Plagiarisme Di Dunia Pendidikan, Adik Wibowo

Kesmas

Plagiarisme merupakan perbuatan salah yang serius sebab mengambil karya orang lain dan mengakuinya sebagai karya sendiri. Tindakan plagiarisme menurunkan moral dan harkat pelaku serta berdampak pada disintegritas sivitas akademik karena tindakan mengutip tanpa izin harus dicegah dan apabila sudah terjadi harus diatasi. Perilaku menjiplak karya orang lain tanpa mencantumkan sumber dan nama pengarang asli berakibat buruk kepada pengembangan ilmu sebab dengan mengutip tidak akan muncul pemikiran baru. Pada tahun 2010, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi telah mengeluarkan peraturan tentang cara pencegahan dan penanggulangan plagiarisme termasuk sanksi untuk dosen, mahasiswa, dan calon guru besar sekalipun. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan arti dan …

Permasalahan Lanjut Usia Di Daerah Perdesaan Terpencil, Laurentius Aswin Pramono, Cornellesi Fanumbi

Kesmas

Dalam kurun waktu 35 tahun sejak tahun 1990, jumlah lanjut usia (lansia) di Indonesia meningkat 414% dan akan berada pada peringkat kelima negara dengan lansia terbesar pada tahun 2025. Seperti umumnya di negara berkembang, lebih dari dua per tiga lansia hidup di wilayah perdesaan terpencil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membahas berbagai masalah gangguan kesehatan, sosial budaya, pelayanan, dan program-program kesehatan lansia di Kepulauan Tanimbar Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif melalui observasi, partisipasi, dan wawancara terhadap 30 lansia di dua wilayah semiurban dan 6 wilayah perdesaan terpencil di kepulauan Tanimbar Provinsi Maluku pada bulan April-Juni 2010. Pengumpulan data, …

Risiko Hiperkolesterolemia Pada Pekerja Di Kawasan Industri, Krisnawaty Bantas, Farida Mutiarawaty Tri Agustina, Dinie Zakiyah

Kesmas

Hiperkolesterolemia adalah faktor risiko penting penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan kesakitan di seluruh dunia. Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang berdampak kerugian ekonomi dan penurunan produktivitas kerja dapat dicegah dengan mengendalikan faktor risiko terse- but. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko hiperkolesterolemia di kalangan pekerja di kawasan industri Pulo Gadung tahun 2006. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain studi cross sectional ini mengamati variabel independen kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi alkohol, ke- biasaan olahraga, dan obesitas. Populasi penelitian adalah pekerja di 7 jenis perusahaan di kawasan industri Pulo Gadung yang berusia 20 tahun ke atas. Penelitian menemukan prevalensi hiperlipidemia 21,1%; nilai …

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Keterampilan Masyarakat Tentang Cara Aman Menggunakan Tabung Gas 3 Kg, Fatma Lestari, Budi Hartono

Kesmas

Konversi penggunaan minyak tanah ke tabung liquified petroleum gas (LPG) merupakan kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi subsidi bahan bakar minyak. Namun, program ini menuai beberapa permasalahan dari aspek keselamatan seperti terjadi kebakaran, ledakan yang mengaki- batkan jatuhnya korban jiwa, luka-luka, ataupun kerugian material. Statistik menunjukkan kejadian ledakan dan kebakaran tabung LPG 3 kg pada pengguna cukup tinggi antara tahun 2010 – 2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat pengguna LPG 3 kg tentang cara aman menggunakan tabung LPG 3 kg setelah dilakukan program intervensi melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Tirtajaya, Depok. …

Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Pada Pekerja Pabrik, Y. Denny Ardianto, Ririh Yudhastuti

Kesmas

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) yang merupakan masalah kese- hatan masyarakat di Indonesia biasa menyerang anak usia di bawah usia lima tahun (balita), tetapi dapat menyerang kelompok usia produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada pekerja pabrik di Kecamatan Rungkut Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol dengan populasi pekerja pabrik. Kasus adalah penderita ISPA dan kontrol adalah yang tidak terkena ISPA berdasarkan diagnosis klinis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan kepadatan hunian ruang tidur (nilai p = 0,003; odds ratio, OR = 15,687), kelembaban kamar (nilai …

Perbandingan Tingkat Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Dan Kepuasan Pasien, Jamilla Upik Noras, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Perawat adalah ujung tombak pemberi pelayanan langsung pada pasien selama 24 jam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan kelas 3 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) X Jakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional, pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh perawat yang bertugas sebagai pelaksana keperawatan kelas 3 sebanyak 40 orang ser- ta pasien yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap kelas 3 sebanyak 120 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil pengukuran kuantitatif menunjukkan bah- wa tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat …

Kadar Interferon Gamma Pada Kontak Serumah Dengan Penderita Tuberkulosis, Sri Andarini Indreswari, Suharyo Suharyo

Kesmas

Menurut World Health Organization sekitar sepertiga penduduk dunia telah terinfeksi kuman tuberkulosis dan deteksi dini pada kontak serumah dengan penderita memungkinkan upaya pengobatan dan pencegahan dilakukan dengan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil pemeriksaan tes Mantoux dengan pemeriksaan serologis kadar interferon gamma (IFN - γ) pada kelompok kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberkulosis yang mempunyai hasil pemeriksaan basil tahan asam (BTA) positif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort pada kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan pada penderita tuberkulosis (umur > 15 tahun). Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara acak sederhana dan jumlah yang digunakan adalah 34 orang pada masing-masing kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes Mantoux …

A School-Based Intervention Of Adolescent Obesity Prevention In At-Risk Youth, Leah M. Potecha

Senior Honors Theses

Obesity has become an epidemic in the United States, affecting individuals of all ages. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to obesity due to their decrease in physical activity, as well as to the greater availability of foods void of nutritional value. Adolescents’ impressionable natures and changing bodies also contribute to their increased weights. To combat the problem of obesity, many schools have implemented obesity prevention programs. Most of these programs are based on physical education and nutrition education. However, some schools have started mentorship programs, or worked with organizations that employ mentorship programs, to prevent obesity. The Lynchburg Healthy Living program …