Public Health Commons^™

Family Preparedness: An Important Step In Emergency Management, Jennifer Bastian

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Greater Philadelphia Schweitzer Program Accepts New Fellows

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

A Summer Internship Brings Abundant Experiences, Shannon Doyle

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

The Case For Taxing Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Population Health: Shifting The Focus From Obesity To Healthy Weight, Alan Lyles Dr.

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Readers Respong To Losing My Dad

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Dare To Compare, Laura Pizzi Pharmd, Mph

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Curated Exhibit: The Untangling Of Diabetes Mellitus: Portraits Through Time, Laura J. Hall

Posters and Presentations

The Untangling of Diabetes Mellitus: Portraits Through Time exhibit, curated by Laura J. Hall, MFA, explored the history and advancements in the treatment of diabetes. With origins dating back to ancient times, the understanding of diabetes has evolved significantly. The exhibit traced the key moments in the discovery and treatment of the disease, highlighting research from UNM's participation in national diabetes studies, including the Diabetes Prevention Program. Special focus was given to the impact of diabetes on minority populations in New Mexico. The exhibit was displayed from October 2009 to August 2010 at the UNM Domenici Center for Health Sciences …

Ethnic Disparities In Cervical Cancer Survival Among Texas Women, Ann L. Coker, Christopher P. Desimone, Katherine S. Eggleston, Arica L. White, Melanie Williams

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine whether minority women are more likely to die of cervical cancer. A population-based cohort study was performed using Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) data from 1998 to 2002.

Methods: A total of 5,166 women with cervical cancer were identified during 1998–2002 through the TCR. Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanization were created using census block group-level data. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of dying from cervical cancer by race, and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used for cervical cancer-specific survival analysis.

Results: After adjusting for age, SES, …

Role Of Lifestyle And Aging On The Longitudinal Change In Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Andrew S. Jackson, Xuemei Sui, James R. Hébert, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF.

Methods - We studied a cohort of 3429 women and 16,889 men, aged 20 to 96 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed 2 to 33 health examinations from 1974 to 2006. The lifestyle variables were body mass index, self-reported aerobic exercise, and smoking behavior. Cardiorespiratory fitness …

Human Health Risk To Ultrafine Particles In Jakarta, Budi Haryanto

Kesmas

Perhatian terhadap pencemaran udara ini menjadi semakin meningkat ketika banyak diketemukan dampaknya pada anak-anak, terutama kaitannya dengan insidens dan prevalens asma. Sumber utama pencemaran udara di Jakarta adalah dari kendaraan bermotor dan industri, dimana transportasi berkontribusi terhadap 71% NOX, 15% SO 2, dan 70% partikel debu kurang dari 10 mikronmeter (PM 10). Tujuan penelitian mengetahui jumlah partikel debu berdiameter ultrafine (partikel berukuran <0,1 mm) yang terhirup oleh anak sekolah dasar, pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi dan kendaraan umum. Studi ini menggunakan desain crosssectional dan dilakukan di Jakarta tahun 2005. Sebanyak 30 responden anak sekolah dasar, pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi dan kendaraan umum dipilih secara purposif sebagai subyek penelitian. Jumlah partikel ultrafine terhirup secara individu diukur selama 3 x 24 jam menggunakan Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) real time personal exposure measurement (jumlah ultrafine partikel per cm 3). Rerata konsentrasi partikel ultrafine terhirup pada anak sekolah dasar di rumah, di perjalanan, dan di sekolah adalah berurutan sebagai berikut: 29.254/cm 3, 147.897/cm 3 dan 61.033/cm 3. Pada pekerja pengguna kendaraan pribadi di rumah, di perjalanan, dan di kantor diperoleh rerata konsentrasi secara berurutan sebagai berikut: 29.213/cm 3, 310.179/cm 3 dan 42.496/cm 3. Sedangkan pada pekerja pengguna kendaraan umum adalah: 35.332/cm 3 di rumah, 453.547/cm 3 di perjalanan, dan 69.867/cm 3 di kantor. In Jakarta, the main pollution sources are vehicles and industry, with motorized traffic accounting for 71% of the oxides of nitrogen (NOX), 15% of sulphur-dioxide (SO2), and 70% of particulate matter (PM 10 ) of the total emission load. Both urban population size and the fraction of the population that owns a private vehicle are increasing. The study objective is to determine the numbers of ultrafine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 mm or less, or PM0.1 inhaled by elementary school children, commute workers with private car and commute workers with public transport. A cross-sectional study design is implemented in Jakarta 2005. Ten elementary school children, ten commuters with private car and ten commuters with public transports are purposively selected as subjects and measured personally for 3 x 24 hours using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) real-time personal exposure measurement (measured in terms of the number of particles per cubic centimeter, or # cm-3). The average concentration of ultrafine particulate matter of elementary school children at home, on the road and at school is 29,254/cm3, 147,897/cm3 and 61,033/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with private car at home, on the road and at office is 29,213/cm3, 310,179/cm3 and 42,496/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with public transport, the concentration average of at home, on the road and at office is found higher: 35,332/cm3, 453,547/cm3, and 69,867/cm3, respectively.

Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Epidemiologis Dan Kebijakan Kesehatan, Laurentius Aswin Pramono

Kesmas

Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) merupakan penyebab retardasi mental terbesar di seluruh dunia yang dapat dicegah. Dewasa ini, GAKI masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia karena belum mampu mencapai kondisi eliminasi seperti yang diharapkan. Hasil survei tahun 2003 dan Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian program penanggulangan GAKI di Indonesia masih jauh dari target Universal Salt Iodization dan Indonesia Sehat 2010. Artikel ini bertujuan mengevaluasi berbagai eviden epidemiologi yang berhubungan dengan kebijakan GAKI di Indonesia. Pada masa mendatang, berbagai komitmen lintas sektoral sangat diperlukan bagi pencapaian kondisi eliminasi GAKI. Perhatian klinisi dan ahli epidemiologi terhadap permasalahan GAKI di …

Kunjungan Rumah Pasca Persalinan, Sebuah Strategi Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Neonatal, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Kesmas

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah terlihat penurunan angka kematian anak di bawah umur lima tahun. Tetapi, penurunan pada angka kematian neonatal tidak menunjukkan penurunan yang bermakna. Kematian neonatal merupakan komponen penting jika ingin menurunkan angka kematian anak di bawah umur lima tahun. Kematian anak di bawah umur lima tahun merupakan tujuan ke-4 dari Pembangunan Milenium. Pada tahun 2000 sebanyak 130 juta kelahiran, sebanyak 4 juta mati pada masa neonatal, yang ini merupakan 2/3 dari kematian bayi. Dua pertiga kematian neonatal terjadi pada minggu pertama setelah kelahirannya. Dan 99%-nya terjadi di negara berkembang. Konsentrasi waktu terjadinya kematian neonatal mirip dengan waktu …

A Study Among Community Living Underneath Sutet About The General Health Condition And The Electromagnetic Fields Exposures, Corrie Wawolumaya, Djoko Darwanto

Kesmas

Jaringan SUTET Perusahaan Listrik Negara banyak melalui daerah pemukiman. Tujuan penelitian mendapatkan gambaran kesehatan penduduk yang bermukim di bawah SUTET dan di daerah urban miskin Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Penelitian disain kroseksional ini dilakukan pada sample 1200 kepala keluarga yang ditarik secara stratifikasi proportional purposif berdasarkan zona kuat medan elektromagnet. Data dikumpulkan dengan metoda observasi, wawancara dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Kuat medan listrik dan medan magnet diukur terpisah di luar rumah, dan di dalam rumah. Ditemukan kuat medan listrik tertinggi pada ketinggian 1 meter di atas tanah 3,1 kV/m. Kuat medan magnet 550 mA/m atau 687,5.10-3µT diidentifikasi dalam zona 1 0-20 m …

Agenda: World Energy Justice Conference And Appropriate Technology Arcade, University Of Colorado Boulder. Center For Energy & Environmental Security, University Of Colorado Boulder. School Of Law

World Energy Justice Conference (October 23-24)

The 2009 CEES Energy Justice Conference took place at the University of Colorado Law School on October 23rd and 24th, 2009. It featured 11 sessions, more than 40 speakers, and attracted over 200 attendees. The Conference brought together leading international and U.S. decision-makers in politics, engineering, public health, law, business, economics, and innovators in the sciences to explore how best to address the critical needs of the energy-oppressed poor (EOP) through long-term interdisciplinary action, information sharing, and deployment of appropriate sustainable energy technologies (ASETs).

The Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy (CJIELP) at the University of Colorado Law …

Early Childhood Summit On Comprehensive Services For Homeless Children And Their Families, Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy, Nevada Head Start State Collaboration Office, Head Start State Training And Technical Assistance Office For Nevada, Nevada Public Health Foundation

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

On October 23, 2009 the Nevada Head Start State Collaboration Office in partnership with the Nevada Institute for Children’s Research and Policy, Head Start State Training and Technical Assistance Office for Nevada and the Nevada Public Health Foundation sponsored the Early Childhood Summit on Comprehensive Services for Homeless Children and Their Families. The Summit brought together 142 professionals working with homeless children and families in Nevada from a variety of different organizations and backgrounds. The goal of the summit was to discuss the problem of families experiencing homelessness and offer solutions to professionals in how to better serve these populations.

Causal Inference In Epidemiological Studies With Strong Confounding, Kelly L. Moore, Romain S. Neugebauer, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Ira B. Tager

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

One of the identifiabilty assumptions of causal effects defined by marginal structural model (MSM) parameters is the experimental treatment assignment (ETA) assumption. Practical violations of this assumption frequently occur in data analysis, when certain exposures are rarely observed within some strata of the population. The inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimator is particularly sensitive to violations of this assumption, however, we demonstrate that this is a problem for all estimators of causal effects. This is due to the fact that the ETA assumption is about information (or lack thereof) in the data. A new class of causal models, causal …

Using Primary Care To Bend The Cost Curve: The Potential Impact Of Health Center Expansion In Senate Reforms, Leighton C. Ku, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Peter Shin

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

This analysis of reforms being considered in the United States Senate reaches conclusions similar to those of our prior analyses of reforms being considered in the House of Representatives. The combination of expanded health insurance coverage and investments in the expansion of community health centers can produce substantial long-term savings both for the overall health care system and for the federal government. Our analysis of the Senate provisions from the HELP and Finance Committees estimates $369 billion in total medical savings, including $105 billion in federal Medicaid savings. The Senate provisions produce larger savings because they authorize larger funding increases …

Estimating The Economic Gains For States As A Result Of Medicaid Coverage Expansions For Adults, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku, D. Richard Mauery, Brad Finnegan, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

This policy research brief examines the Medicaid eligibility expansions under the pending legislative proposals, including the House Tri-Committee bill, the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee bill and the Senate Finance Committee bill. Using new Census Bureau data, the researchers find that under both the House and Senate Finance Committee proposals, about 9.6 million nonelderly adults would gain Medicaid eligibility by 2014. Furthermore, the federal and state expenditures are less than Medicaid's positive impact on the economy amounting in a return of three dollars in new business activities for every dollar of state Medicaid investment. Because Medicaid is designed …

The Emergent Generation Gap In Attitudes Toward Khat Use In Urban Ethiopia, Nikki Lynn Rogers, Jared A. Embree, Yigzaw Kebede, Josephine Wilson, Mary J. Huber, Dennis Moore

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Responsibility For Disease Management On Rusinga Island: Reconciling The Limitations Of External Aid And The Role Of Community-Based Initiatives, Allyson Russell

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Rusinga Island has been on the receiving end of many non-governmental and government-run health interventions. Though ample money has been invested in disease control, malaria and HIV/AIDS transmission and death rates remain higher than in any other location in Kenya. This study employs the use of interviews, both formal and informal, focus group discussions and observation in order to discover possible factors which have confounded the success of previous disease management programs. The study seeks the community's perspective on these programs as well as ideas for community-based, bottom-up strategies which might be able to curb the high rates of malaria …

How To Build A Health Clinic: Disease Burden, Health Seeking Behavior And Clinic Structures In The Kibera Slums, Samuel Mcgowan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study seeks to determine a model for a health clinic to be run by the Kibera School for Girls in the Katwekera village of Nairobi’s Kibera slums. The study examines the disease burden of the school’s initial target population, the health-seeking behavior of the community, and current clinic structures in Kibera. Using these methodological tactics, the study suggests the Kibera School for Girls should start a small, locally-run clinic that offers basic primary health care to a target population of about 5,000 Kibera residents.

The Impact Of Brazil’S Bolsa Familia Program On Food Security In Santo Antônio De Jesus, Bahia, Mario Felipe Dest

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this research project is to evaluate the impact that the Bolsa Família Program has on the level of food security within an impoverished community of Santo Antônio de Jesus. The issue of food security is important because a person’s overall health worsens as a result of not having access to a healthy and well balanced diet. As a result of these negative health aspects, one’s capacity to do work, learn, and take care of one’s family are all affected. This relationship between nutrition and social situations is the focus of this study, which will be used to …

Education Is The Key To The Prevention Of Lawnmower Accidents, Sherry R. Lovan

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Prediction Of Birth Weight By Cotinine Levels During Pregnancy In A Population Of African American Smokers, Ayman A.E. El-Mohandes, Michele Kiely, Marie G. Gantz, Susan M. Blake, M Nabil El-Khorazaty

Publications and Research

Objective—The goal was to investigate the association between maternal salivary cotinine levels (SCLs) and pregnancy outcome among African Americans smokers

Methods—In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2001-2004 in Washington, D.C. 714 women (126 active smokers (18%)) were tested for SCLs at the time of recruitment and later in pregnancy. Sociodemographic health risks and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.

Results—Birth weights were significantly lower for infants born to mothers with baseline SCLs of ≥20 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.024), ≥50 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.002), ≥100 ng/ml compared to/ml (p=0.002), in bivariate analyses. In linear regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic …

Breastfeeding: A Landmark In Global Public Health, Melissa Tinling

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the study of public health and the discipline of global health, what is the meaning of the term “global public health”? The author, Melissa Tinling, defines the concept and gives an illustration through the model of the global effort to increase breastfeeding prevalence. Using the WHO and UNICEF joint Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding as the central framework, the responsibilities of the global, international, national, and local levels are depicted within the context of Geneva, Switzerland. The author identifies the ethical considerations implicated in the application of the global public health strategy to breastfeeding.

Kibera Community Unconscious Of The Silent Disease: Sti, Sindhya Rajeev

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The objective of this study was to conduct a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Awareness Survey that explores knowledge about STIs and attitude towards them, and thereafter, institute and implement an educational intervention in the Kibera slum, of Nairobi. The survey included 120 participants from the 12 villages of Kibera. It revealed that, of those interviewed, 34% are unable to name an STI other than HIV/AIDS and 99% are unaware of any of the syndromes associated with STIs. This demonstrated a clear need for STI Awareness and education, and thus an informative brochure on STIs was created, to be distributed during …

A Community Benefit Reporting Toolkit For Critical Access Hospitals, John A. Gale Ms, Melanie Race Ms

Rural Hospitals (Flex Program)

No abstract provided.

What Factors Predict Outcome At Relapse After Previous Esophagectomy And Adjuvant Therapy In High-Risk Esophageal Cancer?, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Richard Malthaner, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Brian Yaremko, Jawaid Younus, Michael Sanatani, Mark Vincent, Brian Dingle, Dalilah Fortin, Richard Inculet

Oncology Presentations

Management of patients who have disease relapse after completion of surgery and adjuvant chemo-radiation (CRT) is controversial.

Some oncologists would advocate intensive therapeutic intervention due to promising experience on treatment for recurrence disease while others would recommend palliative support due to the concerns for poor patient outcome post disease recurrence.

In Addition, it is not clear if patient outcome is improved post adjuvant CRT when patients at risk have resection margin involvement and if time interval to recurrence can affect patient survival post relapse.

The present study was conducted to determine what factors will affect patient outcome at relapse after …

Quality Health Information On The Internet: Developing A Diabetes Pathfinder For The Chinese Population, Ana D. Cleveland, Jodi Philbrick, Xuequn Pan, Xinyu Yu, Jiangping Chen, Marty O'Neill, Lisa Smith

Faculty Publications

A Web-based bilingual diabetes information pathfinder was created to help the Chinese population access quality health information on the Internet as part of a collaborative outreach project in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. A survey was conducted to identify the demographics, Internet usage, health information needs, and preferences for training sessions of the Chinese population. Breast cancer, diabetes, and hepatitis B were the top three diseases of interest. The process of developing the pathfinder is described from start to finish, and it can serve as a model for the development of others. Pathfinder training sessions also were held. Taylor & Francis …