Public Health Commons^™

Changing School Leadership Philosophies To Reverse Childhood Obesity Trends

Florida Public Health Review

Childhood obesity is a public health crisis in the United States. By the year 2015 an estimated 24 percent of all children will be obese. Children who are obese miss on average 20 percent more school than their healthy-weight classmates. Additionally, there is a higher risk of developing diabetes and having high blood pressure, and for being overweight as an adult. Childhood obesity is not caused by one factor but is instead caused by a multitude of social factors, the increased consumption of fast foods, video games replacing outdoor activities and unhealthy food options in schools, just to name a …

Abstracts In High Profile Journals Often Fail To Report Harm, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Elliot S. Fisher

Dartmouth Scholarship

To describe how frequently harm is reported in the abstract of high impact factor medical journals. We carried out a blinded structured review of a random sample of 363 Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) carried out on human beings, and published in high impact factor medical journals in 2003. Main endpoint: 1) Proportion of articles reporting harm in the abstract; and 2) Proportion of articles that reported harm in the abstract when harm was reported in the main body of the article. Analysis: Corrected Prevalence Ratio (cPR) and its exact confidence interval were calculated. Non-conditional logistic regression was used.

Semi-Tractor Trailer Driver Hauling Chicken Dies After Striking A Rock Wall, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

On a sunny fall day in 2007, a 50-year old semi truck driver hauling processed frozen chicken in a refrigerated trailer, died when his semi crashed into a rock wall. The driver was north bound on an interstate highway when witnesses saw the semi in the left lane contact the concrete median barrier then veer over to the right across one traffic lane and the shoulder, then strike a rock wall. The impact caused the cab to overturn onto the driver’s door while the refrigerated trailer remained standing upright. An exhaust pipe located on the back of the cab was …

Targeted Methods For Biomarker Discovery, The Search For A Standard, Catherine Tuglus, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

More often than not biomarker studies analyze large quantities of variables with complicated and generally unknown correlation structure. There are numerous statistical methods which attempt to unravel these variables and determine the underlying mechanism through identification of causally related biomarkers. Results from these methods are generally difficult to interpret and nearly impossible to compare across studies. The FDA has currently called for a standardization of methods and protocol for biomarker detection. In response, we propose targeted variable importance (tVIM) as a standardized method for biomarker discovery. Through the use of targeted Maximum Likelihood, tVIM provides double robust estimates of variable …

Semi Owner-Operator Dies In Rollover After Speeding Through A Curve, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

On a Fall day in 2005 at 3:00 PM, a 46 year-old male semi-tractor trailer owner-operator was hauling logs when he rounded a curve, drove off the right side of a two lane state highway, struck a tree and rolled over. Emergency medical services were called to the scene. When they arrived, they found the driver without vital signs and contacted the local coroner. Kentucky State Police arrived and called Kentucky Vehicle Enforcement to the scene. The driver had not been wearing his seatbelt. Toxicology detected methamphetamine and doxylamine in his system at the time of the crash.

To prevent …

Health Policy Newsletter December 2007 Vol.20, No.4, Department Of Health Policy

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Medication Therapy Management And Pharmacy Quality Measurement: Health Policy Forum November 7, 2007

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Household Survey And Consumer Driven Health Care: Health Policy Forum Sept. 12, 2007

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Pharmaceutical Management Program: Health Policy Forum Oct. 10, 2007

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Getting Boards On Board

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Pennsylvania Academy Of Family Physicians Lecture Series "21st Strategies To Survive In The 21st Century", Richard Jacoby Md

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Department Of Health Policy Hosts Cms Presentation On Value-Based Purchasing

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Hospital Inpatient Capacity: Making Room For The Next Patient, Tracy L. Hanson Mha, Lnha, Douglas Hughes Rn, Bsn, Mba

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Health Care For Homebound Geriatric Patients: Perspective From The Front-Line, Alfred E. Stillman Md, Macp

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

The Hospital Bed Of The Future, David B. Nash Md, Mba

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Competition And Collaboration, Chicago-Style, Laura A. Dummit, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

The National Health Policy Forum sponsored a site visit to Chicago, Illinois, March 16-18, 2008 to consider how competition and collaboration have shaped Chicago?s health care market. Chicago is a study of contrasts between wealth and poverty and between large, internationally known facilities and struggling community hospitals. The stressed state of the county health system concerned all of the stakeholders and may be an impetus for increased cooperation among the haves and the have nots. No longer waiting for state health reform efforts, key players were working to shore up needed providers and develop a more equitable distribution of resources, …

Completing The Recipe For Children's Health: New Variations On Key Ingredients: A Report From The Workshop On June 28, 2007, Jennifer Ryan

National Health Policy Forum

This paper offers a broad overview of the issues surrounding the social and environmental determinants of children’s health. These issues were explored during a discussion convened by the National Health Policy Forum on June 28, 2007, among a group of individuals concerned about the influences beyond medical care on the health of children. The paper considers the policy and financing tensions that exist across programs and populations that make addressing the full range of influences challenging. It also highlights some of the community-based initiatives that have been successful in providing services to children and families, as described during the workshop. …

Download The Pdf Of The Full Issue

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Revolution Health Group Clinical Strategies: Health Policy Forum

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Download The Pdf Of The Full Issue

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Based On The Evidence: Understanding The Core Components Of Evidence-Based Practice, Institute For Public Health And Justice, Evidence-Based Treatment And Services, Stakeholder Education And Awareness

Policy & Position Papers

No abstract provided.

In Vitro Toxicity Of Aluminum Nanoparticles In Human Keratinocytes, Stephanie Mccormack-Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Nanotechnology promises to be the defining technology of the 21st century. At an annual investment of $1B, it provides significant contributions to manufacturing, medicine, energy conservation, and the environment. Nanoparticles are structures with at least one dimension in the 1 to 100 nanometer (nm) range. DoD and US Air Force interest in aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) stems from its ability to enhance combustion jet fuel, thus increasing fuel efficiency. The addition of AL NPs to JP-8 may pose a unique dermal hazard to aircraft maintenance workers. There is no published data on AL NP toxicity effects on human skin. This …

Résistance Du Point D'Ancrage D'Un Système D'Arrêt De Chute Et De Positionnement Pour Les Poseurs D'Acier D'Armature, André Lan, Renaud Daigle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les structures de béton armé peuvent être divisées en deux grands groupes : soit les édifices à colonnes et dalles et les autres structures. Dans le premier cas, les poseurs d’acier d’armature (ferrailleurs) sont très peu exposés aux chutes parce que l'armature des colonnes est préposée au sol à l'horizontale et soulevée en bloc par un engin de levage alors que l'armature de la dalle du plancher est posée aux pieds du ferrailleur. Les garde-corps sur le périmètre de la dalle protègent les travailleurs contre les chutes. Dans le deuxième cas, les structures en cause sont des culées de pont, …

Red Light Running Cameras – Reader Reactions And Authors’ Reply

Florida Public Health Review

No abstract provided.

Red Light Running Cameras: Would Crashes, Injuries And Automobile Insurance Rates Increase If They Are Used In Florida?

Florida Public Health Review

Running a red light can cause severe traffic crashes especially when one vehicle runs into the side of another. Red light cameras photograph violators who are sent traffic tickets by mail. Intuitively, cameras appear to be a good idea. However, comprehensive studies conclude cameras actually increase crashes and injuries, providing a safety argument not to install them. Presently, Florida statutes do not permit red light camera evidence to be used as the sole basis for ticketing drivers for violating the law. Legislation to permit camera citations has been proposed since the 1990s, but none has passed to date. This paper …

Basis For Treatment Of Tuberculosis Among Hiv-Infected Patients In Tanzania: The Role Of Chest X-Ray And Sputum Culture, Muhammad Bakari, Robert D. Arbeit, Lillian Mtei, Johnson Lyimo, Richard Waddell, Mecky Matee, Bernard F. Cole, Susan Tvaroha

Dartmouth Scholarship

Active tuberculosis (TB) is common among HIV-infected persons living in tuberculosis endemic countries, and screening for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended routinely. We sought to determine the role of chest x-ray and sputum culture in the decision to treat for presumptive TB using active case finding in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients. Ambulatory HIV-positive subjects with CD4 counts ≥ 200/mm3 entering a Phase III TB vaccine study in Tanzania were screened for TB with a physical examination, standard interview, CD4 count, chest x-ray (CXR), blood culture for TB, and three sputum samples for acid fast bacillus (AFB) smear and culture.

Lower Than Expected Morbidity And Mortality For An Australian Aboriginal Population: 10-Year Follow-Up In A Decentralised Community, Kevin G. Rowley, Kerin O'Dea, Ian Anderson, Robyn Mcdermott, Karmananda Saraswati, Ricky Tilmouth, Iris Roberts, Joseph Fitz, Zaimin Wang, Alicia Jenkins, James D. Best, Zhiqiang Wang, Alex Brown

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objective: Toexaminemortalityfromallcausesandfromcardiovasculardisease(CVD), and CVD hospitalisation rate for a decentralised Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory. Design and participants: For a community-based cohort of 296 people aged 15 years or older screened in 1995, we reviewed hospital and primary health care records and death certificates for the period up to December 2004 (2800 person-years of follow-up). Mainoutcomemeasures: MortalityfromallcausesandCVD,andhospitalisationwith CVD coded as a primary cause of admission; comparison with prior trends (1988 to 1995) in CVD risk factor prevalence for the community, and with NT-specific Indigenous mortality and hospitalisation rates.

Results: Mortality in the cohort was 964/100 000 person-years, significantly lower than …

Nursing Home Emancipation: Accomplishments Of Urban And Rural Centers For Independent Living, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Marsha Katz, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

In 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court established a legal precedent, based on the Americans with Disabilities Act, to help adults with disabilities leave institutional settings and return to community living (Olmstead v. L.C.). This established the right of individuals to receive services in "…the most integrated setting," which is generally the community. Since then, centers for independent living (CILs) and other disability advocacy organizations have initiated a wide range of efforts to emancipate (i.e. transition) adults with disabilities from inappropriate nursing home placements to community living. Nursing home emancipation is high on the priority lists of several national organizations and …

Novel Relapsing Fever Spirochete In Bat Tick, James S. Gill, Amy J. Ullmann, Amanda D. Loftis, Tom G. Schwan, Sandra J. Raffel, Merry E. Schrumpf, Joseph Piesman

United States Public Health Resources

Tick-borne relapsing fever in western North America is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes in the genus Borrelia that are transmitted by argasid ticks of the genus Ornithodoros (1). Human disease occurs in many focal areas and is associated with infections of Borrelia hermsii, B. turicatae, and possibly B. parkeri (2,3). Although the ecologic parameters that maintain B. hermsii and B. turicatae differ, human infections usually occur in rustic cabins (B. hermsii) and caves (B. turicatae) inhabited by ticks and their terrestrial vertebrate hosts (1). Recently, Gill et al. (4) provided evidence that the argasid bat …

Does Gender Discrimination Impact Regular Mammography Screening? Findings From The Race Differences In Screening Mammography Study, Amy B. Dailey, Stanislav V. Kasl, Beth A. Jones

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine if gender discrimination, conceptualized as a negative life stressor, is a deterrent to adherence to mammography screening guidelines.

Methods: African American and white women (1451) aged 40–79 years who obtained an index screening mammogram at one of five urban hospitals in Connecticut between October 1996 and January 1998 were enrolled in this study. This logistic regression analysis includes the 1229 women who completed telephone interviews at baseline and follow-up (average 29.4 months later) and for whom the study outcome, nonadherence to age-specific mammography screening guidelines, was determined. Gender discrimination was measured as lifetime experience in seven possible …