Public Health Commons^™

Fatal Aerial Lift Injuries, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Motor Vehicle

To prevent injuries while working in aerial lifts:

• A “pre-job safety plan” should be developed for each job site and reviewed prior to each day on the job site.
• Mechanical checks should be performed on all equipment at each job site prior to each use.
• There should be communication between the worker in the elevated lift and ground control crew.
• Ensure that appropriate fall protection equipment is available and correctly used when working from elevations.
• Employees should work within job qualifications and job limits.

Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine For Weight Control In The United States, Patricia A. Sharpe, Heidi M. Blanck, Joel E. Williams, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Joan M. Conway

Faculty Publications

Objectives: The purpose was to assess the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight control.

Design: A list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of adults was conducted in the fall of 2002 (n = 11,211). The focus of the study was complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, other than dietary supplements, in the previous 12 months.

Settings/location: The sample of respondents was drawn from the total noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population residing in telephone-equipped locations.

Subjects: The sampling procedures were designed to obtain adequate representation of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black respondents. Data from the total sample of 11,211 …

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec And Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Characterization Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Clones, Shannon M. Moroney, Loree C. Heller, Jesse Arbuckle, Monica Talavera, Ray H. Widen

Bioelectrics Publications

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene carriage were compared among suspected community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (CA-MRSA) and health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates. CA-MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type IV complex, and most were PVL positive. The HA-MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type II complex and did not harbor the PVL genes.

Characterization Of Alanine Aminotransferase And Transaldolase In T. Brucei, Diana Spitznagel

Doctoral

T. brucei is the causative agent of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. The parasite is transmitted by the tsetse fly, which is endemic in many areas of Africa. Considerable metabolic changes occur between the two life cycle stages, the procyclic fly form (PCF) and the mammalian bloodstream form (BSF). This work focuses on two enzymes of T. brucei (1) Transaldolase (TbTA) is part of the pentose phosphate pathway. The pathway is complete in the PCFS, but show abnormalities in the BSF. In particular, the enzymes preceding and succeeding the TbTA reaction are not detectable in BSF. This …

The Association Between Lifestyle Factors And Inflammatory Markers, Kerry Ann Stonebrook

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. While smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels are established risk factors for CVD, inflammation is being evaluated as a potential independent risk factor. A key cytokine regulator of the inflammatory response, interleukin-1 (IL-1), has emerged as playing a particularly important role at the genetic level in determining the degree to which the inflammation pathway is turned on. How an individual’s genetic make-up affects inflammation, CVD risk, and response to lifestyle intervention is an area of research that is in …

Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Fat Mass In A Large Cohort Of Children, Andy R. Ness, Sam D. Leary, Calum Mattocks, Steven N. Blair, John J. Reilly, Jonathan Wells, Sue Ingle, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Chris J. Riddoch

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous studies have been unable to characterise the association between physical activity and obesity, possibly because most relied on inaccurate measures of physical activity and obesity.

Methods and Findings: We carried out a cross sectional analysis on 5,500 12-year-old children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Total physical activity and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using the Actigraph accelerometer. Fat mass and obesity (defined as the top decile of fat mass) were measured using the Lunar Prodigy dual x-ray emission absorptiometry scanner. We found strong negative associations between MVPA and …

Seaweed And Soy: Companion Foods In Asian Cuisine And Their Effects On Thyroid Function In American Women, Jane Teas, Lewis E. Braverman, Mindy S. Kurzer, Sam Pino, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Seaweeds and soy are two commonly eaten foods in Asia. Both have been reported to affect thyroid function, seaweed because of its iodine content and soy because of its goitrogenic effect. Twenty-five healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 58 years) completed a double-blinded randomized crossover study. Ten capsules (5 g/day) of placebo or seaweed (Alaria exculenta), providing 475 ug of iodine/day, were consumed daily for 7 weeks. A powdered soy protein isolate (Solae Co., St. Louis, MO) providing 2 mg of isoflavones/kg of body weight, was given daily during the last week of each treatment arm. On average, …

Assessing The Unreliability Of The Medical Literature: A Response To "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False", Steven Goodman, Sander Greenland

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

A recent article in this journal (Ioannidis JP (2005) Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2: e124) argued that more than half of published research findings in the medical literature are false. In this commentary, we examine the structure of that argument, and show that it has three basic components:

1)An assumption that the prior probability of most hypotheses explored in medical research is below 50%.

2)Dichotomization of P-values at the 0.05 level and introduction of a “bias” factor (produced by significance-seeking), the combination of which severely weakens the evidence provided by every design.

3)Use of Bayes …

Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Respon Biologis Dan Kejadian Tbc Paru Di Indonesia, A. H. Mahpudin, Renti Mahkota

Kesmas

Sampai kini, Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di dunia. Menurut laporan WHO, di seluruh dunia setiap tahun ditemukan sekitar 8 juta kasus baru. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang kasus TBC terbesar ketiga setelah India dan Cina dengan perkiraan jumlah kasus pada 2003 adalah 627.047 penderita dan 281.946 kasus merupakan TBC paru BTA positif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor respon biologis terhadap kejadian TBC paru BTA positif pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Prevalensi TBC Nasional dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun …

Kematian Perinatal Di Indonesia Dan Faktor Yang Berhubungan, Tahun 1997-2003, Meidy Farenti Prameswari

Kesmas

WHO memperkirakan bahwa setiap tahun lebih dari 9 juta bayi meninggal pada periode perinatal dan hampir semua terjadi di negara berkembang. Kini angka kematian perinatal di Indonesia adalah 24 per 1.000 kelahiran, sekitar 77% merupakan sumbangan kematian neonatal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kematian perinatal di Indonesia dan memperkirakan program intervensi yang paling berperan dan menurunkannya. Studi ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2002-2003. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional). Hasil menemukan variabel yang berhubungan terhadap kematian perinatal di Indonesia selama periode 1997-2003 adalah jarak kelahiran; komplikasi …

Perilaku Menggunakan Kondom Pada Wanita Penjaja Seks Jalanan Di Jakarta Timur Tahun 2006, Widyastuti Widyastuti

Kesmas

Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) di banyak negara merupakan ancaman serius global yang berdampak pada individu, keluarga dan masyarakat. Pada perempuan, IMS sulit didiagnosa dan berdampak lebih besar, karena umumnya tampa gejala, timbul rasa bersalah dan malu mencari pengobatan sehingga menjadi beban tersembunyi. Prevalensi IMS dari berbagai penelitian di Indonesia pada periode 1990-2000 relatif tinggi. Strategi memutuskan rantai penularan antara lain melalui promosi kondom khususnya pada Wanita Penjaja Seks (WPS) yang berisiko tinggi IMS. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemakaian kondom pada Wanita Pekerja Seks jalanan di Jakarta Timur tahun 2006. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi cross …

Manajemen Strategis Organisasi Nirlaba, Sumengen Sutomo

Kesmas

Banyak pimpinan organisasi nirlaba kehabisan tenaga dan waktu melakukan manajemen operasional. Mereka tidak sempat berpikir strategis mengembangkan masa depan organisasi dan memberikan pelayanan bermutu yang memuaskan pelanggan. Manajemen strategis yang merupakan proses mengembangkan tujuan, rencana strategis, dan alokasi sumber daya mencakup analisis strategi, formulasi strategi, implementasi strategi, dan evaluasi strategi. Analisis stategi mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan internal jang terkait sumber daya, struktur organisasi, strategi dan kinerja program, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal yang terkait faktor politik, ekonomi, sosial dan teknologi. Selanjutnya, formulasi strategi adalah proses menyiapkan rencana strategis: mengembangkan nilai, misi, visi, gol, tujuan, identifikasi isu strategis dan memilih strategi …

Determinan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan Di Kabupaten Cirebon, Tahun 2004, Deti Adipriati

Kesmas

Lebih dari 90% kematian ibu disebabkan komplikasi obstetrik yang sering tidak dapat diramalkan pada saat kehamilan. Pada umumnya kematian Ibu dan kejadian kesakitan setelah bayi lahir adalah akibat kegagalan untuk menanggulangi komplikasi persalinan. Kebanyakan komplikasi itu terjadi pada saat atau sekitar persalinan. SDKI 2003 melaporkan bahwa 9% persalinan dilakukan di fasilitas pemerintah dan 31% pada fasilitas swasta, sedangkan 59% masih dilakukan di rumah. Pertolongan persalinan di rumah, dimana sistem rujukan tidak dikembangkan dengan tepat, memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kelangsungan hidup ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam menentukan pemilihan tempat persalinan di Kabupaten Cirebon …

Kekerasan Pada Setiap Tahap Penempatan Tki Asal Propinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2006, Helfi Agustin

Kesmas

Peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja Indonesia yang diberangkatkan keluar negeri seiring dengan kebijakan nasional diikuti oleh peningkatan berbagai masalah yang mengarah pada pelanggaran hak azasi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berbagai kekerasan yang menyertai setiap tahap penempatan tenaga kerja Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan metoda analisis tema. Penelitian diadakan di Propinsi Sumatera Barat, pada bulan April-Mei 2006. Hasil penelitian menemukan semua TKI berangkat pada usia muda. TKI dengan tingkat pendidikan/akses informasi terbatas mudah terjebak dalam pemberangkatan ilegal. Semua TKI mengalami beberapa bentuk kekerasan secara bersamaan dan berulang dan besar …

Power Boosting In Genome-Wide Studies Via Methods For Multivariate Outcomes, Mary J. Emond

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Whole-genome studies are becoming a mainstay of biomedical research. Examples include expression array experiments, comparative genomic hybridization analyses and large case-control studies for detecting polymorphism/disease associations. The tactic of applying a regression model to every locus to obtain test statistics is useful in such studies. However, this approach ignores potential correlation structure in the data that could be used to gain power, particularly when a Bonferroni correction is applied to adjust for multiple testing. In this article, we propose using regression techniques for misspecified multivariate outcomes to increase statistical power over independence-based modeling at each locus. Even when the outcome …

A Cohort Study Of Reproductive And Hormonal Factors And Renal Cell Cancer Risk In Women, Gc Kabat, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Ab Miller, Te Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

We examined the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with renal cell cancer risk in a cohort study of 89 835 Canadian women. Compared with nulliparous women, parous women were at increased risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–3.09), and there was a significant gradient of risk with increasing levels of parity: relative to nulliparous women, women who had X5 pregnancies lasting 4 months or more had a 2.4-fold risk (HR 1⁄4 2.41, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.27–4.59, P for trend 0.01). Ever use of oral contraceptives was associated with a modest reduction in risk. No associations were …

Social Determinants Of Health And Disease Working Together, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Causal Effect Of Recent Leisure-Time Physical Activity On All-Cause Mortality Among The Elderly, Oliver Bembom, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Ira B. Tager

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We analyze data collected as part of a prospective cohort study of elderly people living in and around Sonoma, CA, in order to estimate, for each round of interviews, the causal effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) over the past year on the risk of mortality in the following two years. For each round of interviews, this effect is estimated separately for subpopulations defined based on past exercise habits, age, and whether subjects have had cardiac events in the past. This decomposition of the original longitudinal data structure into a series of point-treatment data structures corresponds to an application of …

Handling Immediate Medical Care At Aquatic Facilities: Do We Need Different Levels Of Lifeguard Certification?, Leland Yarger

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The first-responder and professional-rescuer training materials and training programs consider lifeguards to be first responders in emergencies (Aehlert, 2005; American Red Cross, 2001). This article asks readers to consider whether our agency lifeguard-training programs reflect a philosophy that truly view and prepare lifeguards as first responders. If not, I challenge readers to consider whether we should alter our hiring, staffing, and in-service training procedures at aquatic facilities based on the scope and need for providing adequate emergency care at those facilities.

The Rise And Fall Of The Latino Dentist Supply In California: Implications For Dental Education, David Hayes-Bautista, Miriam Iya Kahramanian, Erin G. Richardson, Paul Hsu, Lucette Sosa, Cristina Gamboa, Robert M. Stein

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of Latino dentists in California, identify the schools and countries where they were educated, and compare Latino dentist demographics with that of the state’s new demographics. From the 2000 California Department of Consumer Affairs list of 25,273 dentists, we identified Latino U.S. dental graduates (USDGs) by “heavily Hispanic” surnames and Latino international dental graduates (IDGs) by country and school of graduation. From the 2000 U.S. census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), we described Latino dentist characteristics such as Spanish language capacity and practice location. The number of Latino dentists acquiring …

Family Support For Physical Activity In Girls From 8th To 12th Grade In South Carolina, Marsha Dowda, Rod K. Dishman, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Objective - To examine the relationship between perceived family support and other selected correlates of physical activity (PA) with changes in PA over time.

Methods - A total of 421 girls in South Carolina completed questionnaires at 8th, 9th and 12th grades (1998-2003). Family support for PA, PA self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, attitudes, availability of equipment, and PA were measured.

Results - Growth curve analysis showed that family support, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy were independently related to age-related changes in PA as reflected by a total METs. Girls who reported lower family support at the 8th grade measure had …

Validation Of The Physical Activity Questionnaire For Older Children In Children Of Different Races, Justin B. Moore, John C. Hanes Jr., Paule Barbeau, Bernard Gutin, Roberto P. Treviño, Zenong Yin

Faculty Publications

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) is a validated self-report measure of physical activity widely used to assess physical activity in children (8-14 years of age). To date, however, the instrument has been validated in largely White Canadian samples. The purpose of the present article is to determine the pscyhometric properties of the PAQ-C for African American, European American, and Hispanic children. Two studies were conducted in which independent samples were administered the PAQ-C, along with varying indices of cardiovascular fitness, fatness, and psychological measures related to physical activity. Results showed that the reliability and validity of the …

Food Insecurity And Subsequent Weight Gain In Women, Sonya J. Jones, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Objective: Cross-sectional data indicate that a relationship between household food insecurity and overweight exists among women in the USA. Cross-sectional data cannot determine if food insecurity leads to overweight as some have hypothesised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of food insecurity with subsequent weight gain in women using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).

Design, setting and subjects:Panel data from the 1999 and 2001 PSID, a nationally representative sample of households, were analysed using multivariate regression procedures.

Results: Average weight gain among all women (n=5595) was 1.1 kg …

Escape And Rescue From Submerged Vehicles, Gerald M. Dworkin

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

No abstract provided.

Convenient Care Clinics: The Future Of Accessible Health Care, Tine Hansen-Turton, Sandra Ryan, Ken Miller, Mona Counts, David B. Nash

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The need for accessible, affordable, quality health care in the United States has never been greater. In response to this need, convenient care clinics (CCCs) are being launched across the country to help provide care to meet the basic health needs of the public. In CCCs, highly qualified health care providers diagnose and treat common health problems, triage patients to the appropriate level of care, advocate for a medical home for all patients, and reduce unnecessary visits to emergency rooms and Urgent Care Clinics. CCCs have been called a "disruptive innovation" because they are consumer driven. They serve as a …

Association Between Frequency Of Telephonic Contact And Clinical Testing For A Large, Geographically Diverse Diabetes Disease Management Population, Carter R. Coberley, Matthew Mcginnis, Patty M. Orr, Sadie S. Coberley, Adam Hobgood, Brent Hamar, Bill Gandy, James Pope, Laurel Hudson, Pam Hara, Dexter Shurney, Janice L. Clarke, Albert Crawford, Neil I. Goldfarb

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Diabetes disease management (DM) programs strive to promote healthy behaviors, including obtaining hemoglobin A1c (A1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) tests as part of standards of care. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between frequency of telephonic contact and A1c and LDL testing rates. A total of 245,668 members continuously enrolled in diabetes DM programs were evaluated for performance of an A1c or LDL test during their first 12 months in the programs. The association between the number of calls a member received and clinical testing rates was examined. Members who received four calls demonstrated a 24.1% …

Family Systems: Perceptions Of Elderly Patients And Their Attendents Presenting At A University Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Ahmed Itrat, Ather Mohammed Taqui, Fahd Qazi, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

Objective:

To know the present status of family systems in Pakistan, changes they are undergoing and implications of such trends on health of the elderly population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out at the out-patient clinics, AgaKhan University Hospital, using convenience sampling method. Verbal informed consent was taken from the participants. The questions included demographic profile, satisfaction with current family system, opinions about changing trends of family systems, and their implications on health. Analysis was done using SPSS 13.0.

Results:

Four hundred subjects aged 65 and above were interviewed, out of which 226 (56.5%) were living in the …

Inside Unlv, Diane Russell, Shane Bevell, David Ashley, Lori Bachand, Grace Russell, Mamie Peers

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Overdose Prevention For Injection Drug Users: Lessons Learned From Naloxone Training And Distribution Programs In New York City, Tinka Markham Piper, Sasha Rudenstine, Sharon Stancliff, Susan Sherman, Vijay Nandi, Allan Clear, Sandro Galea

Publications and Research

Background: Fatal heroin overdose is a significant cause of mortality for injection drug users (IDUs). Many of these deaths are preventable because opiate overdoses can be quickly and safely reversed through the injection of Naloxone [brand name Narcan], a prescription drug used to revive persons who have overdosed on heroin or other opioids. Currently, in several cities in the United States, drug users are being trained in naloxone administration and given naloxone for immediate and successful reversals of opiate overdoses. There has been very little formal description of the challenges faced in the development and implementation of large-scale IDU naloxone …

Final Report Technical Assistance To Improve Quality Oversight Of The Oklahoma Advantage Waiver, Maureen Booth, Louise Olsen

Disability & Aging

No abstract provided.