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2002

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Articles 31 - 60 of 273

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

State Eligibility Rules Under Separate State Schip Programs--Implications For Children's Access To Health Care, Sara Rosenbaum, Anne Rossier Markus Sep 2002

State Eligibility Rules Under Separate State Schip Programs--Implications For Children's Access To Health Care, Sara Rosenbaum, Anne Rossier Markus

Health Policy and Management Issue Briefs

This Policy Brief is the fourth in a series of reports1 issued by the George Washington University Center for Health Services Research and Policy that examine the design of separately-administered State Children’s Health Insurance Programs (SCHIP) that is, programs that operate directly under the authority of the federal SCHIP statute rather than expansions of state Medicaid programs.2 These Policy Briefs also consider the implications of states’ design choices for children’s access to health care.

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Evitando La Infección Del Nilo Occidental, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Sep 2002

Evitando La Infección Del Nilo Occidental, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Other

No abstract provided.

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Clinical And Epidemiological Correlates Of Genotypes Within The Mycobacterium Avium Complex Defined By Restriction And Sequence Analysis Of Hsp65, Sandra C. Smole, Fionnuala Mcaleese, Jutamas Ngampasutadol, C. Fordham Von Reyn, Robert D. Arbeit Sep 2002

Clinical And Epidemiological Correlates Of Genotypes Within The Mycobacterium Avium Complex Defined By Restriction And Sequence Analysis Of Hsp65, Sandra C. Smole, Fionnuala Mcaleese, Jutamas Ngampasutadol, C. Fordham Von Reyn, Robert D. Arbeit

Dartmouth Scholarship

Species identification of isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) remains a difficult task. Although M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare can be identified with expensive, commercially available probes, many MAC isolates remain unresolved, including those representing Mycobacterium lentiflavum as well as other potentially undefined species. PCR restriction analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 gene has been proposed as a rapid and inexpensive approach. We applied PRA to 278 MAC isolates, including 126 from blood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, 59 from sputum of HIV-negative patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 88 from environmental sources, and 5 pulmonary isolates from …

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Strong Partnerships Make Good Partners: Insights About Physician-Hospital Relationships From A Study Of Physician Executives, Marc A. Bard, Michael L. Buehler, Andrew L. Epstein, David B. Nash, John P. O'Connor Sep 2002

Strong Partnerships Make Good Partners: Insights About Physician-Hospital Relationships From A Study Of Physician Executives, Marc A. Bard, Michael L. Buehler, Andrew L. Epstein, David B. Nash, John P. O'Connor

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

While physicians are likely to respond favorably in concept to hospital-based disease management and other clinical programs, they are less likely to accept their structural and functional characteristics. Because of their role at the hospital-physician interface, hospital physician executives are often tasked with implementing such programs. Given the challenges involved, a deeper understanding of the role of these executives in building the hospital-physician relationship will therefore be an important contribution. To this end, we surveyed senior physician executives at hospitals and health systems (n = 326), to assess their view of the hospital-physician relationship at their institutions, focusing especially on …

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Economic And Health Outcomes Of Capsule Endoscopy: Opportunities For Improved Management Of The Diagnostic Process For Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Neil I. Goldfarb, Amy Phillips, Mitchell Conn, Blair S. Lewis, David B. Nash Sep 2002

Economic And Health Outcomes Of Capsule Endoscopy: Opportunities For Improved Management Of The Diagnostic Process For Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Neil I. Goldfarb, Amy Phillips, Mitchell Conn, Blair S. Lewis, David B. Nash

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The estimated annual incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in the United States is approximately 100 episodes per 100,000 persons, resulting in 300,000 hospitalizations annually. Diagnostic tools such as radiologic studies and endoscopic examination often fail to identify a source of bleeding, resulting in a cycle of repetitive testing over months or even years. Costs associated with the diagnostic process, and with interim treatment for anemia and other symptoms, can be significant. The diagnostic process also takes a toll on the patient, in terms of worry, pain, and discomfort. Capsule endoscopy, a technology that received FDA clearance in August, 2001, consists of …

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Expanding Health Coverage For The Uninsured: Fundamentals Of The Tax Credit Option, Beth Fuchs, Julie James Aug 2002

Expanding Health Coverage For The Uninsured: Fundamentals Of The Tax Credit Option, Beth Fuchs, Julie James

National Health Policy Forum

This paper seeks to provide the basics for understanding the current debate over tax credits as a vehicle for reducing the number of uninsured Americans and focuses attention on some of the associated issues: How is health insurance treated under current tax law? Why tax credits and not deductions? What are the major issues in designing tax credits? Who should be eligible and for what size credit? What changes, if any, would be needed to the insurance market to ensure that policies are available and affordable for people eligible for tax credits? What are the major issues related to administering …

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Schip Turns Five: Taking Stock, Moving Ahead, Jennifer Ryan Aug 2002

Schip Turns Five: Taking Stock, Moving Ahead, Jennifer Ryan

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief notes the five-year anniversary of the effective date of Title XXI of the Social Security Act, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). It looks at the successes of the program, as well as some of the obstacles SCHIP will face as it moves from childhood into adolescence and attempts to maintain its effectiveness in providing health coverage to uninsured children and families. The paper explores the critical funding impasse created by the downturns in the economy and the financing structure of the SCHIP statute. It also highlights the emerging issue of program retention and the need …

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The Relationship Of Demographic Characteristics To Consumer Knowledge Of Diet And Health Relationships To Intake Of Soy Foods And Soy Supplements, Ashlyn K. Hosokawa Aug 2002

The Relationship Of Demographic Characteristics To Consumer Knowledge Of Diet And Health Relationships To Intake Of Soy Foods And Soy Supplements, Ashlyn K. Hosokawa

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 1999, the FDA approved a health claim for a relationship between intake of 25 grams of soy protein per day and reduced risk of heart disease. Literature suggests that consumers are increasingly krtowledgeable about diet and disease risk factors. While gender, age, race, and family history cannot be altered, diet may be changed to decrease risks. This study explored the relationship of demographic characteristics to consumer knowledge and use of some of the more popular soy products and supplements. Surveys were completed by a random sample of 100 attendees at area festivals and 100 nutrition professionals at a national …

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Journey To Destination 2005, Andra Gumbus, Bridget M. Lyons, Dorothy E. Bellhouse Aug 2002

Journey To Destination 2005, Andra Gumbus, Bridget M. Lyons, Dorothy E. Bellhouse

WCBT Faculty Publications

Bridgeport Hospital and Healthcare Services (BHHS) in Bridgeport, Conn., a part of the Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS), embraced the balanced scorecard because it had been experiencing a loss in revenue and income due to managed care penetration in the local marketplace. This hospital is not alone in facing financial pressures. The balanced scorecard provides the framework for measuring performance in a complex and changing medical environment. Still retaining financial measures, the following drivers of financial success are incorporated into Bridgeport's scorecard: quality clinical outcomes; expert clinical care providers; satisfied patients, doctors, and staff; and volume and market-share growth. …

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Dose Coefficient (Dc) Methodology Report, John P. Shanahan, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin Aug 2002

Dose Coefficient (Dc) Methodology Report, John P. Shanahan, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin

Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)

The purpose of this report is to present the methodology developed to calculate internal and external dose coefficients for radionuclides produced in the spallation process. Much of the information regarding computer codes in this report comes from various technical manuals and professional papers. References are provided at the beginning of each section for documentation and for the user who requires more specific information. The report also includes the results of applying the methodology to determine dose coefficients for five radionuclides. This effort identified potential areas of concern that will need to be addressed when the methodology is used in the …

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Federal Child Care Funding For Low-Income Families: How Much Is Needed?, Jane Koppelman Jul 2002

Federal Child Care Funding For Low-Income Families: How Much Is Needed?, Jane Koppelman

National Health Policy Forum

With reauthorization of the 1996 welfare reform law being debated, this paper looks at the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant and the Child Care and Development Fund — key components of congressional proposals to set a dollar amount for government spending on child care. This issue brief provides background on current child care use, arrangements, and cost, as well as research findings on the measurement of quality in child care programs.

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Retirees And Pharmaceutical Costs: Is There Really A Crisis?, Justine Maiello Jul 2002

Retirees And Pharmaceutical Costs: Is There Really A Crisis?, Justine Maiello

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Justification For The Continuance Of A Pediatric Physician's Office Laboratory, Veronica C. Santilli Jul 2002

Justification For The Continuance Of A Pediatric Physician's Office Laboratory, Veronica C. Santilli

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The continued viability of the Physician's Office Laboratory (POL) has been questioned because of barriers imposed by managed care organizations, oversight by regulatory agencies and competition for professionally trained laboratory staff. Pediatricians view the POL as an important adjunct to quality healthcare services for children and do not consider the POL as a "profit center", whose priority is generation of revenues for the The practice. parents of pediatric patients consider an on-site laboratory a convenience and valuable service. Through an analysis of patients' satisfaction, physicians' perceptions of enhancement to quality care, managed care reimbursement data and costs associated with maintenance …

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Aha Guidelines For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke: 2002 Update - Consensus Panel Guide To Comprehensive Risk Reduction For Adult Patients Without Coronary Or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases, Thomas A. Pearson, Steven N. Blair, Stephen R. Daniels, Robert H. Eckel, Joan M. Fair, Stephen F. Fortmann, Barry A. Franklin, Larry B. Goldstein, Philip Greenland, Scott M. Grundy, Yuling Hong, Nancy Houston-Miller, Ronald M. Lauer, Ira S. Ockene, Ralph L. Sacco, James F. Sallis, Sidney C. Smith Jr., Neil J. Stone, Kathryn A. Taubert Jul 2002

Aha Guidelines For Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke: 2002 Update - Consensus Panel Guide To Comprehensive Risk Reduction For Adult Patients Without Coronary Or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases, Thomas A. Pearson, Steven N. Blair, Stephen R. Daniels, Robert H. Eckel, Joan M. Fair, Stephen F. Fortmann, Barry A. Franklin, Larry B. Goldstein, Philip Greenland, Scott M. Grundy, Yuling Hong, Nancy Houston-Miller, Ronald M. Lauer, Ira S. Ockene, Ralph L. Sacco, James F. Sallis, Sidney C. Smith Jr., Neil J. Stone, Kathryn A. Taubert

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Direct Service Staff Turnover In Supported Living Arrangements: Preliminary Results And Observations, Steve Seninger Ph.D., Meg A. Traci Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute Rural Institute Jul 2002

Direct Service Staff Turnover In Supported Living Arrangements: Preliminary Results And Observations, Steve Seninger Ph.D., Meg A. Traci Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

High turnover rates mean that community providers of services to individuals with developmental disabilities may be replacing almost their entire direct service workforces each year. This instability imposes significant costs on each provider for recruiting, screening, and training replacement workers. It also adversely affects the quality of care provided to individuals served by community providers. Although the relationship requires further study, caregiver continuity appears to be an important factor in the health of an individual with developmental disabilities. The following observations are based on completed Corporation Questionnaires from seven Montana developmental disabilities service providers.

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Attitudes And Beliefs Of Successful Adult Illicit Drug Users: A Qualitative Analysis Of Drugnet Survey Respondents, Kathryn Steward Jul 2002

Attitudes And Beliefs Of Successful Adult Illicit Drug Users: A Qualitative Analysis Of Drugnet Survey Respondents, Kathryn Steward

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

America is a drug-oriented society. For many years people have used drugs for recreational purposes. However, there has been ongoing controversy regarding drug abuse and drug use. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and beliefs of successful adult drug users as it relates to drug reform, effectiveness of current drug laws, and problem experiences that they may have encountered as a result of their drug use. A qualitative study utilizing three open-ended questions regarding the aforementioned areas was conducted to analyze the 156 individuals' responses. The respondents were found to be in agreement on the ineffectiveness of …

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Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Proceedings Of A Multidisciplinary Conference, Richard A. Schieber, Maria Vegega Jul 2002

Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Proceedings Of A Multidisciplinary Conference, Richard A. Schieber, Maria Vegega

United States Public Health Resources

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Motor vehicle crashes are associated with one of every five deaths among children 1 to 14 years of age in the United States, and pedestrian injuries account for a third of them. Compared with occupant injuries, pedestrian injuries are more severe; death is five times more likely to occur among those injured. In 1999, 533 child pedestrians were killed, and at least 30,000 children were nonfatally injured in traffic. Another 200 were killed in non-traffic areas, including driveways, sidewalks, and parking lots. Traumatic brain injury accounts for more than half the fatalities.
Dr. Schieber noted that the decline …

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School-Based Health Centers And Managed Care Arrangements: A Review Of State Models And Implementation Issues, Jennel Harvey, Lissette Vaquerano, Lea Nolan, Colleen Sonosky Jul 2002

School-Based Health Centers And Managed Care Arrangements: A Review Of State Models And Implementation Issues, Jennel Harvey, Lissette Vaquerano, Lea Nolan, Colleen Sonosky

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Building Jefferson's Future, Douglas J. Macmaster Jr., Paul C. Brucker Jul 2002

Building Jefferson's Future, Douglas J. Macmaster Jr., Paul C. Brucker

Thomas Jefferson University Administrative Documents and Reports

2002 Annual report of Thomas Jefferson University.

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Jefferson Medical College Annual Report, 2002, Thomas J. Nasca Jul 2002

Jefferson Medical College Annual Report, 2002, Thomas J. Nasca

Jefferson Medical College Administrative Documents and Reports

No abstract provided.

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Preventing Worker Electrocutions, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Jul 2002

Preventing Worker Electrocutions, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Other

No abstract provided.

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15-Year-Old Dies In Utility Golf Cart Overturn, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Jun 2002

15-Year-Old Dies In Utility Golf Cart Overturn, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Other

A fifteen-year-old golf course worker (the victim) was killed when the utility golf cart he was operating overturned. The victim was employed by the golf club adjacent to which he and his family resided and had driven the utility golf cart to his home located at the top of a hill to change clothes. Before leaving work for his residence, he contacted a friend who then came to his house on a regular course golf cart (not a utility cart). After the victim changed clothes, he and his friend left the victim’s home. Then on their respective carts, traveled downhill …

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Brick Mason Dies From Fall Through Scaffolding, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Jun 2002

Brick Mason Dies From Fall Through Scaffolding, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Falls

A 62 year-old male brick mason (victim) died after he fell approximately 55 feet through masonry scaffolding. He worked for a masonry subcontracting company contracted to do the masonry work on a new building. The victim was performing ongoing work laying brick at the construction site. At approximately 7:15 AM the victim entered the building he was bricking and ascended to the 4th floor where he reached his workstation. He stepped out of an opening from the building onto the scaffolding outside. As he did so, he stepped over two mason boards (20 inches combined width), which were closest to …

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Hatch-Waxman, Generics, And Patents: Balancing Prescription Drug Innovation, Competition, And Affordability, Robin J. Strongin Jun 2002

Hatch-Waxman, Generics, And Patents: Balancing Prescription Drug Innovation, Competition, And Affordability, Robin J. Strongin

National Health Policy Forum

This paper explores the complex connections among intellectual property protection, competition, and access to affordable prescription drug products. It focuses on several provisions of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman) and discusses the debate swirling around its reform. An overview of landmark intellectual property laws and a description of the generic drug approval process are also included.

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Managing Advanced Illness: A Quality And Cost Challenge To Medicare, Medicaid, And Private Insurers, Karen Matherlee Jun 2002

Managing Advanced Illness: A Quality And Cost Challenge To Medicare, Medicaid, And Private Insurers, Karen Matherlee

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief examines approaches to delivering and financing health services for persons with advanced chronic illness. It focuses on the nature and structure of the Medicare hospice benefit and its use as a model for Medicaid and other federal programs. The paper also looks at palliative-care approaches along the continuum of inpatient and post-acute services and raises cost, quality, and access issues for end-of-life care. In addition, it provides an overview of coverage through private insurance, including indemnity, point-of-service, and preferred-provider-organization products.

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1115 Ways To Waive Medicaid And Schip Rules, Jennifer Ryan Jun 2002

1115 Ways To Waive Medicaid And Schip Rules, Jennifer Ryan

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief explores the history and context of the Section 1115 Medicaid waiver authority, discusses the Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability (HIFA) initiative under way in the Bush administration, and considers some of the potential impacts that HIFA could have on state budgets and access to health care for low-income families. Finally, it considers the future of Section 1115 waivers as a vehicle for modifying Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program.

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Improving Oral Health: Promise And Prospects, Jennifer Ryan Jun 2002

Improving Oral Health: Promise And Prospects, Jennifer Ryan

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper examines the variety of issues affecting access to oral health care in the United States. It considers the possibilities and challenges presented by public financing sources for dental care for low-income children and families—including Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, and other safety net programs—and reviews a sampling of privately funded efforts at improving oral health access. The paper illustrates some of the major barriers to dental care, particularly the shortage of dentists willing to serve low-income and uninsured patients and the overall lack of growth in the dental workforce. It also considers the changing roles …

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Will The Nation Be Ready For The Next Bioterrorism Attack? Mending Gaps In The Public Health Infrastructure, Eileen Salinsky Jun 2002

Will The Nation Be Ready For The Next Bioterrorism Attack? Mending Gaps In The Public Health Infrastructure, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

This paper provides an overview of critical weaknesses in public health preparedness capabilities and discusses policy initiatives to address these shortcomings. It examines developmental needs related to communication and coordination, information systems, laboratories, the development and distribution of vaccines and other countermeasures, emergency medical preparedness and response, and the public health workforce. The paper summarizes the status of federal and state plans to respond to these developmental needs and touches on the challenges likely to emerge as these plans are implemented.

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Average Wholesale Price For Prescription Drugs: Is There A More Appropriate Pricing Mechanism?, Dawn Gencarelli Jun 2002

Average Wholesale Price For Prescription Drugs: Is There A More Appropriate Pricing Mechanism?, Dawn Gencarelli

National Health Policy Forum

This paper defines the average wholesale price (AWP), an important benchmark for prescription drug pricing and reimbursement. The paper briefly explains the AWP's various uses in the pricing of prescription drugs, highlights some of the problems that have emerged as a result of the way it is reported and used, and explores some of the possibilities for reform. The paper also contains a glossary of commonly used terms, as well as an appendix that lists the state Medicaid reimbursement formulas.

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Contracting For Quality: Medicare's Quality Improvement Organizations, Lisa Sprague Jun 2002

Contracting For Quality: Medicare's Quality Improvement Organizations, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This paper examines the role of quality improvement organizations (QIOs, formerly known as PROs, or peer review organizations) in improving the quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries in both fee-for-service and managed care environments. It looks at the expansion of the QIOs' portfolio in their seventh contract cycle to include quality improvement activities in nursing homes, home health services, and physicians' offices as well as responsibilities for public education. The paper explores the evolution of QIOs, changes in their priorities over time, and the projects in which they are engaged. It also considers their role in the formulation …

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