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Krishna C. Poudel

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Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Delays In Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Hiv-Positive Individuals: Results Of The Positive Living With Hiv Study, Krishna C. Poudel, David R. Buchanan, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar Mar 2019

Delays In Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Hiv-Positive Individuals: Results Of The Positive Living With Hiv Study, Krishna C. Poudel, David R. Buchanan, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Lack of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a major health concern due to increased risk of premature mortality and further HIV transmission. This study explored CD4+ cell count monitoring in relation to delays in ART initiation among HIV-positive individuals in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, where ART coverage was only 23.7% in 2011.

Design: We recruited a total of 87 ART-naïve, HIV-positive individuals aged 18 to 60 years through the networks of five non-government organizations working with HIV-positive individuals. We collected data on the history of ART initiation, CD4+ cell count monitoring, socio-demographic variables, perceived family …

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Perceived Family Support And Antiretroviral Adherence In Hiv-Positive Individuals: Results From A Community-Based Positive Living With Hiv Study, Krishna Poudel, David Buchanan, Rachel Amiya, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar Mar 2019

Perceived Family Support And Antiretroviral Adherence In Hiv-Positive Individuals: Results From A Community-Based Positive Living With Hiv Study, Krishna Poudel, David Buchanan, Rachel Amiya, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar

Krishna C. Poudel

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived family support, either positive or negative, and adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens among HIV-positive individuals in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. We measured past 3-month antiretroviral adherence among 233 HIV-positive individuals, in relation to perceived family support, both positive (in terms of emotional and instrumental support) and negative (in the form of negative interactions), using the 10-item Nepali Family Support and Difficulty Scale. Medium and high levels of perceived emotional support from family were associated with reduced risk of antiretroviral nonadherence, compared with low levels of perceived emotional support …

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Unnecessary Dieting Intention And Behavior Among Female Students In Naha City, Japan, Khin Zay Yar Myint, Daisuke Nonaka, Masamine Jimba, Keiko Nanishi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Masaya Miyagi, Masaki Shinjo, Jun Kobayashi Mar 2015

Unnecessary Dieting Intention And Behavior Among Female Students In Naha City, Japan, Khin Zay Yar Myint, Daisuke Nonaka, Masamine Jimba, Keiko Nanishi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Masaya Miyagi, Masaki Shinjo, Jun Kobayashi

Krishna C. Poudel

Weight concerns and dieting are prevalent among female adolescents both in Western and Asian countries. They can result in negative psychological and physiological consequences. This study aimed to examine the relative importance of social and personal facts on the decision to diet of female adolescent students in Japan, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Data were collected from 5 junior high schools and 3 high schools in Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture, in 2010, through self-administered questionnaires. The data of 756 female students were assessed. The independent variables included social factor variables (norms) and personal factor variables (attitude to dieting, perceived …

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Training Sri Lankan Public Health Midwives On Intimate Partner Violence: A Pre- And Post-Intervention Study, Achini Chinthika Jayatilleke, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Junko Yasuko, Krishna C. Poudel, Nilani Fernando, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Masamine Jimba Dec 2014

Training Sri Lankan Public Health Midwives On Intimate Partner Violence: A Pre- And Post-Intervention Study, Achini Chinthika Jayatilleke, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Junko Yasuko, Krishna C. Poudel, Nilani Fernando, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: In many developing countries, intimate partner violence (IPV) training is not available for health providers. As a pioneer among developing countries, in 2009, the Sri Lankan Ministry of Health trained a group of community health providers known as public health midwives (PHMs) on IPV. We evaluated that training program’s efficacy in improving PHMs’ identification and management of IPV sufferers in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Methods: We conducted this study from August 2009 to September 2010. We used a self-administered structured questionnaire to examine the following variables among 408 PHMs: self-reported IPV practices, IPV knowledge, perceived barriers, perceived responsibility, and self-confidence …

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Hiv Symptom Burden And Anemia Among Hiv-Positive Individuals: Cross-Sectional Results Of A Community-Based Positive Living With Hiv (Polh) Study In Nepal, Catherine Martin, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Krishna C. Poudel Dec 2014

Hiv Symptom Burden And Anemia Among Hiv-Positive Individuals: Cross-Sectional Results Of A Community-Based Positive Living With Hiv (Polh) Study In Nepal, Catherine Martin, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Krishna C. Poudel

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Previous research has reported high rates of anemia in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in hospital or tertiary care settings. The objective of thiscommunity-based study was to measure the prevalence of anemia and describe the risk factors, with a specific emphasis on HIV symptom burden, in PLWHA in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 319 PLWHA residing in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. We recruited participants from five non-governmental organizations in the Kathmandu Valley. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Our study found a 55.8% prevalence of anemia in PLWHA in …

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What Makes Orphans In Kigali, Rwanda, Non-Adherent To Antiretroviral Therapy? Perspectives Of Their Caregivers, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Krishna C. Poudel, John Muganda, Tomoko Sato, Vincent Mutabazi, Ribakare Muhayimpundu, Adolphe Majyambere, Simon P. Ngyonsenga, Eriko Sase, Masamine Jimba Dec 2014

What Makes Orphans In Kigali, Rwanda, Non-Adherent To Antiretroviral Therapy? Perspectives Of Their Caregivers, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Krishna C. Poudel, John Muganda, Tomoko Sato, Vincent Mutabazi, Ribakare Muhayimpundu, Adolphe Majyambere, Simon P. Ngyonsenga, Eriko Sase, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Introduction: Every year, approximately 260,000 children are infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries. The timely initiation and high level of maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are crucial to reducing the suffering of HIV-positive children. We need to develop a better understanding of the background of children’s ART non-adherence because it is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the background related to ART non-adherence, specifically in relation to the orphan status of children in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: We conducted 19 focus group discussions with a total of 121 caregivers of HIV-positive children in Kigali. …

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Poor Nutrition Status And Associated Feeding Practices Among Hiv-Positive Children In A Food Secure Region In Tanzania: A Call For Tailored Nutrition Training, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba Apr 2014

Poor Nutrition Status And Associated Feeding Practices Among Hiv-Positive Children In A Food Secure Region In Tanzania: A Call For Tailored Nutrition Training, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Undernutrition among HIV-positive children can be ameliorated if they are given adequate foods in the right frequency and diversity. Food insecurity is known to undermine such efforts, but even in food rich areas, people have undernutrition. As yet no study has examined feeding practices and their associations with nutrition status among as HIV-positive children in regions with high food production. We therefore examined the magnitude of undernutrition and its association with feeding practices among HIV-positive children in a high food production region in Tanzania. Methods: We conducted this mixed-method study among 748 children aged 6 months-14 years attending 9 of …

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Acceptance Of Wife Beating And Its Association With Physical Violence Towards Women In Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Couple's Data, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Tara M. Shakya, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba Apr 2014

Acceptance Of Wife Beating And Its Association With Physical Violence Towards Women In Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Couple's Data, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Tara M. Shakya, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious global public health issue. Acceptance of wife beating is known to be associated with IPV, but few studies have analysed the acceptance of wife beating from both women and men’s points of view. The objective of this study was to examine whether acceptance of wife beating among couples is associated with lifetime and past one-year physical IPV perpetration towards wives in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2011, with 717 randomly selected couples with wives aged 18 to 49 years old from the Kirtipur municipality and Bhaktapur …

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Perceived Family Support, Depression, And Suicidal Ideation Among People Living With Hiv/Aids: A Cross- Sectional Study In The Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Rachel M. Amiya, Krishna C. Poudel, Kalpana Poude-Tandukar, Basu D. Pandey, Masamine Jimba Mar 2014

Perceived Family Support, Depression, And Suicidal Ideation Among People Living With Hiv/Aids: A Cross- Sectional Study In The Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Rachel M. Amiya, Krishna C. Poudel, Kalpana Poude-Tandukar, Basu D. Pandey, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Depression and suicidal thinking occur frequently alongside HIV/AIDS, triggering profound detrimental impacts on quality of life, treatment adherence, disease progression, and mortality. Yet the psychosocial factors contributing to these psychiatric comorbidities remain underexplored, particularly in the developing country context. This study thus examined different dimensions of perceived family support in relation to depression and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 322 adult PLWHA residing in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal was conducted. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions for correlates of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-Ia-defined depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation …

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Malaria-Related Knowledge And Prevention Practices In Four Neighbourhoods In And Around Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Study, Gaurav Dhawan, Nidhin Joseph, Penelope S. Pekow, Christine A. Rogers, Krishna C. Poudel, Maria T. Bulzacchelli Jan 2014

Malaria-Related Knowledge And Prevention Practices In Four Neighbourhoods In And Around Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Study, Gaurav Dhawan, Nidhin Joseph, Penelope S. Pekow, Christine A. Rogers, Krishna C. Poudel, Maria T. Bulzacchelli

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: India accounts for the highest number of malaria cases outside of Africa. Eighty per cent of India’s population lives in malaria-risk areas, with cases increasing in urban areas. Mumbai, India, one of the most populous cities in the world, has experienced such an increase. To be successful, many malaria control efforts require community participation, which in turn depends on individuals’ knowledge and awareness of the disease. This study assessed the knowledge and prevention practices regarding malaria in residents of four different areas of Mumbai, India, around the time of a malaria outbreak and the start of a widespread awareness …

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Assessment Of Hiv Testing Among Young Methamphetamine Users In Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar, Yu Mon Saw, Krishna C. Poudel, Nang Pann Ei Kham, Nyein Chan, Jessica E. Cope, Kyi Mar Wai, Soe Tun, Thu Nandar Saw Dec 2013

Assessment Of Hiv Testing Among Young Methamphetamine Users In Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar, Yu Mon Saw, Krishna C. Poudel, Nang Pann Ei Kham, Nyein Chan, Jessica E. Cope, Kyi Mar Wai, Soe Tun, Thu Nandar Saw

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use has a strong correlation with risky sexual behaviors, and thus may be triggering the growing HIV epidemic in Myanmar. Although methamphetamine use is a serious public health concern, only a few studies have examined HIV testing among young drug users. This study aimed to examine how predisposing, enabling and need factors affect HIV testing among young MA users. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2013 in Muse city in the Northern Shan State of Myanmar. Using a respondent-driven sampling method, 776 MA users aged 18-24 years were recruited. The main outcome of …

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Intention To Seek Professional Psychological Help Among College Students In Turkey: Influence Of Help-Seeking Attitudes, Feyza Seyfi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Keiko Otsuka, Masamine Jimba Nov 2013

Intention To Seek Professional Psychological Help Among College Students In Turkey: Influence Of Help-Seeking Attitudes, Feyza Seyfi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Keiko Otsuka, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Depression rates are high among college students in Turkey, but often students do not seek mental health care. This study aimed to examine the association between attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and intention to seek professional psychological help among such college students. We also examined the factors associated with students’ professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 456 conveniently sampled graduate and undergraduate students in Ankara. We collected students’ data using self-administered, structured questionnaires in the Turkish language and then analyzed the data using both descriptive and multivariate methods. Results: In the multiple linear regression …

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Efficacy Of In-Service Nutrition Training For Mid-Level Providers To Improve Feeding Practices Among Hiv-Positive Children In Tanga, Tanzania: Study Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka Oct 2013

Efficacy Of In-Service Nutrition Training For Mid-Level Providers To Improve Feeding Practices Among Hiv-Positive Children In Tanga, Tanzania: Study Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Feeding practices and child undernutrition can be improved when trained health workers provide proper nutrition counseling to caregivers. However, this important management component is difficult to achieve in countries where trained health workers are limited; Tanzania is no exception. In rural and semi-urban areas, mid-level providers (MLPs) are left to manage diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Training health workers in nutrition has been shown to be an effective intervention among HIV-negative children elsewhere, but no studies have been conducted among HIV-positive children. Furthermore, in Tanzania and other countries with MLPs, no evidence currently exists demonstrating an improvement in nutrition among …

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Nutrition Training Improves Health Workers' Nutrition Knowledge And Competence To Manage Child Undernutrition: A Systematic Review, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba Aug 2013

Nutrition Training Improves Health Workers' Nutrition Knowledge And Competence To Manage Child Undernutrition: A Systematic Review, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, David P. Urassa, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Medical and nursing education lack adequate practical nutrition training to fit the clinical reality that health workers face in their practices. Such a deficit creates health workers with poor nutrition knowledge and child undernutrition management practices. In-service nutrition training can help to fill this gap. However, no systematic review has examined its collective effectiveness.We thus conducted this study to examine the effectiveness of in-service nutrition training on health workers’ nutrition knowledge, counseling skills, and child undernutrition management practices. Methods: We conducted a literature search on nutrition interventions from PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and World Health Organization …

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Better Learning In Schools To Improve Attitudes Toward Abstinence And Intentions For Safer Sex Among Adolescents In Urban Nepal, Rachana Manandhar Shrestha, Keiko Otsuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Medin Lamichhane, Masamine Jimba Jan 2013

Better Learning In Schools To Improve Attitudes Toward Abstinence And Intentions For Safer Sex Among Adolescents In Urban Nepal, Rachana Manandhar Shrestha, Keiko Otsuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Medin Lamichhane, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: School-based sex education is an effective medium to convey health information and skills about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. However, research on school-based sex education is limited in many developing countries, including Nepal. This study thus had two main objectives: (1) to assess students’ evaluation of school-based sex education, and (2) to examine the associations between students’ evaluations of school-based sex education and their (a) attitudes toward abstinence and (b) intentions for safer sex. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 students from six schools in the Kathmandu Valley during May–June 2010. We …

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Improved Quality Of Life After Surgery For Pelvic Organ Prolapse In Nepalese Women, Rolina Dhital, Keiko Otsuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Ganesh Dangal, Masamine Jimba Jan 2013

Improved Quality Of Life After Surgery For Pelvic Organ Prolapse In Nepalese Women, Rolina Dhital, Keiko Otsuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Ganesh Dangal, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynecological condition that can affect quality of life (QOL) in women. In Nepal, the prevalence of POP is high, but many affected women are still deprived of treatment. Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair is one of the common treatment options for advanced POP. However, QOL outcomes after surgery have not been reported in low-income countries. Thus, we aimed to examine changes in QOL among Nepalese women with POP after such surgery. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the selected central and peripheral hospitals in Nepal where vaginal hysterectomy was being …

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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels And C-Reactive Protein In Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba, Jun Kobayashi, C. Anderson Johnson, Paula H. Palmer Jan 2013

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels And C-Reactive Protein In Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba, Jun Kobayashi, C. Anderson Johnson, Paula H. Palmer

Krishna C. Poudel

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has frequently been associated with vitamin D deficiency as well as chronic inflammatory response. We tested the hypothesis of an independent relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in a cohort of HIV-positive people. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 316 HIV-positive people (181 men and 135 women) aged 16 to 60 years residing in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Serum high-sensitivity CRP concentrations and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry method and the competitive protein-binding assay, respectively. The relationship between serum CRP concentrations and 25(OH)D …

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What Are The Factors Associated With Hiv Testing Among Male Injecting An Non-Injecting Drug Users In Lashio, Myanmnar: A Cross-Sectional Study, Yu Mon Saw, Junko Yasuoka, Thu Nandar Saw, Krishna C. Poudel, Soe Tun, Masamine Jimba Dec 2012

What Are The Factors Associated With Hiv Testing Among Male Injecting An Non-Injecting Drug Users In Lashio, Myanmnar: A Cross-Sectional Study, Yu Mon Saw, Junko Yasuoka, Thu Nandar Saw, Krishna C. Poudel, Soe Tun, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Objectives: HIV testing is an effective intervention for reducing HIV risk and providing information on HIV status. However, uptake of HIV testing is a major challenge within the drug-using population due to the stigma and discrimination associated with their illegal drug use behaviours. This study thus aimed to identify factors associated with HIV testing among injecting drug users (IDUs) and non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) in Lashio, Myanmar. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2010 to February 2010. Setting: This study was carried out in Lashio city, Northern Shan State, Myanmar. Participants: In total, 158 male IDUs and 210 …

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Effectiveness Of Nutrition Training Of Health Workers Toward Improving Caregivers’ Feeding Practices For Children Aged Six Months To Two Years: A Systematic Review, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, Prakash Shakya, David P. Urassa, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka Dec 2012

Effectiveness Of Nutrition Training Of Health Workers Toward Improving Caregivers’ Feeding Practices For Children Aged Six Months To Two Years: A Systematic Review, Bruno F. Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, Prakash Shakya, David P. Urassa, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Nutrition training of health workers can help to reduce child undernutrition. Specifically, trained health workers might contribute to this end through frequent nutrition counseling of caregivers. This may improve child-feeding practices and thus reduce the risk of undernutrition among children of counseled caregivers. Although studies have shown varied impacts of health workers’ nutrition training on child feeding practices, no systematic review of the effectiveness of such intervention has yet been reported. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effectiveness of nutrition training for health workers on child feeding practices including feeding frequency, energy intake, and dietary diversity among …

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Arsenic Exposure And Oral Cavity Lesions In Bangladesh, Emdadul H. Syed, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuka, Keiko Otsuka, Alauddin Ahmed, Tariqul Islam, Farque Pavez, Vesna Slavkovich, Joseph H. Graziano, Habibul Ahsan, Masamine Jimba Dec 2012

Arsenic Exposure And Oral Cavity Lesions In Bangladesh, Emdadul H. Syed, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuka, Keiko Otsuka, Alauddin Ahmed, Tariqul Islam, Farque Pavez, Vesna Slavkovich, Joseph H. Graziano, Habibul Ahsan, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Objective—To evaluate the relationship between arsenic exposure and oral cavity lesions among an arsenic-exposed population in Bangladesh. Methods—We carried out an analysis utilizing the baseline data of the Health Effects of Arsenic Exposure Longitudinal Study (HEALS). HEALS is an ongoing population-based cohort study to investigate health outcomes associated with arsenic exposure via drinking water in Araihazar, Bangladesh. We used multinomial regression models to estimate the risk of oral cavity lesions. Results—Participants with high urinary arsenic levels (286.1–5000.0μg/g) were more likely to develop arsenical lesions of the gums [multinomial odds ratio (M-OR 2.90; 95% CI= 1.11–7.54)], and tongue (M-OR 2.79; 95% …

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Health-Related Quality Of Life, Depression, And Self-Esteem In Adolescents With Leprosy-Affected Parents: Results Of A Cross-Sectional Study In Nepal, Nobuko Yamaguchi, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba Dec 2012

Health-Related Quality Of Life, Depression, And Self-Esteem In Adolescents With Leprosy-Affected Parents: Results Of A Cross-Sectional Study In Nepal, Nobuko Yamaguchi, Krishna C. Poudel, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has an impact on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of sufferers as well as their children. To date, no study has investigated the effects of parental leprosy on the well-being of adolescent children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lalitpur and Kathmandu districts of Nepal. Adolescents with leprosy-affected parents (n = 102; aged 11–17 years) and those with parents unaffected by leprosy (n = 115; 11–17 years) were investigated. Self-reported data from adolescents were collected using the Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDLR) questionnaire to assess HRQOL, the Center for Epidemiological …

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Socioeconomic Impact Of Hiv/Aids On Household Under Free Antiretroviral Therapy In Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodia, Marino Nomoto, Saly Saint, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba Dec 2012

Socioeconomic Impact Of Hiv/Aids On Household Under Free Antiretroviral Therapy In Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodia, Marino Nomoto, Saly Saint, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the economic status of HIV-affected households with nonaffected households and explore the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on HIV-affected households under high coverage of free antiretroviral therapies (ART). Design and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodia in February and March 2008. We recruited HIV-positive participants (n=285) from a referral hospital and five health centers, and other 285 HIV-negative participants. We interviewed them using a questionnaire and compared the differences of economic status such as household income, expenditure, assets as well as medical cost, education cost, transportation cost …

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Better Learning In Schools To Improve Attitudes Toward Abstinence And Intentions For Safer Sex Among Adolescents In Urban Nepal, Rachana Manandhar Shrestha, Keiko Ostuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Medin Lamichhane, Masamine Jimba Dec 2012

Better Learning In Schools To Improve Attitudes Toward Abstinence And Intentions For Safer Sex Among Adolescents In Urban Nepal, Rachana Manandhar Shrestha, Keiko Ostuka, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Medin Lamichhane, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: School-based sex education is an effective medium to convey health information and skills about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. However, research on school-based sex education is limited in many developing countries, including Nepal. This study thus had two main objectives: (1) to assess students’ evaluation of school-based sex education, and (2) to examine the associations between students’ evaluations of school-based sex education and their (a) attitudes toward abstinence and (b) intentions for safer sex. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 students from six schools in the Kathmandu Valley during May–June 2010. We …

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Quality Of Life And Mental Health Status Of Arsenic-Affected Patients In A Bangladeshi Population, Emadul H. Syed, Krishna C. Poudel, Kayako Sakisaka, Junko Yasuoka, Habibul Ahsan, Masamine Jimba Aug 2012

Quality Of Life And Mental Health Status Of Arsenic-Affected Patients In A Bangladeshi Population, Emadul H. Syed, Krishna C. Poudel, Kayako Sakisaka, Junko Yasuoka, Habibul Ahsan, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Contamination of groundwater by inorganic arsenic is one of the major public-health problems in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted (a) to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and mental health status of arsenic-affected patients and (b) to identify the factors associated with the QOL. Of 1,456 individuals, 521 (35.78%) were selected as case and control participants, using a systematic random-sampling method. The selection criteria for cases (n=259) included presence of at least one of the following:melanosis, leucomelanosis on at least 10% of the body, or keratosis on the hands or feet. Control (nonpatient) participants (n=262) were selected from the …

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Ready To Use Therapeutic Foods (Rutf) Improves Undernutrition Among Art-Treated, Hiv-Positive Children In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Bruno Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, Keiko Otsuka, Junko Yasuoka, David P. Urassa, Namala P. Mkopi Aug 2012

Ready To Use Therapeutic Foods (Rutf) Improves Undernutrition Among Art-Treated, Hiv-Positive Children In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Bruno Sunguya, Krishna C. Poudel, Linda B. Mlunde, Keiko Otsuka, Junko Yasuoka, David P. Urassa, Namala P. Mkopi

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: HIV/AIDS is associated with an increased burden of undernutrition among children even under antiretroviral therapy (ART). To treat undernutrition, WHO endorsed the use of Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) that can reduce case fatality and undernutrition among ART-naïve HIV-positive children. However, its effects are not studied among ART-treated, HIV-positive children. Therefore, we examined the association between RUTF use with underweight, wasting, and stunting statuses among ART-treated HIV-positive children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September-October 2010. The target population was 219 ART-treated, HIV-positive children and the same number of their caregivers. We …

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Promoting Community Knowledge And Action For Malaria Control In Rural Cambodia: Potential Contributions Of Village Malaria Workers, Sachiko Lim, Junko Yasuoka, Krishna C. Poudel, Po Ly, Chea Nguon, Masamine Jimba Aug 2012

Promoting Community Knowledge And Action For Malaria Control In Rural Cambodia: Potential Contributions Of Village Malaria Workers, Sachiko Lim, Junko Yasuoka, Krishna C. Poudel, Po Ly, Chea Nguon, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background
Cambodia has been investing in Village Malaria Workers (VMWs) to improve malaria case management in rural areas. This study assessed the quality of the VMWs’ services compared to those by a government-run health center from the perspective of community members. We focused on VMWs’ contribution to promote their action to control malaria. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampot province in 2009. Interviews were conducted at every accessible household in a village with VMWs (n = 153) and a village with a health center (n = 159), using interviewer administered questionnaire. Preference of the interview was given to …

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High Risk Of Art Non-Adherence And Delay Of Art Initiation Among Hiv Positive Double Orphans In Kigali, Rwanda, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Krishna C. Poudel, John Muganda, Adolphe Majyambere, Keiko Otsuka, Tomoko Sato, Vincent Mutabazi, Simon Pierre Nyonsenga, Ribakare Muhayimpundu, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka Jul 2012

High Risk Of Art Non-Adherence And Delay Of Art Initiation Among Hiv Positive Double Orphans In Kigali, Rwanda, Kimiyo Kikuchi, Krishna C. Poudel, John Muganda, Adolphe Majyambere, Keiko Otsuka, Tomoko Sato, Vincent Mutabazi, Simon Pierre Nyonsenga, Ribakare Muhayimpundu, Masamine Jimba, Junko Yasuoka

Krishna C. Poudel

Background
To reduce HIV/AIDS related mortality of children, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is critical in the treatment of HIV positive children. However, little is known about the association between ART adherence and different orphan status. The aims of this study were to assess the ART adherence and identify whether different orphan status was associated with the child’s adherence.
Methods
A total of 717 HIV positive children and the same number of caregivers participated in this cross-sectional study. Children’s adherence rate was measured using a pill count method and those who took 85% or more of the prescribed doses were …

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Uptake Of Interventions For Preventing Mother-To-Child Hiv Transmission In 11 Operational Districts In Cambodia, Krishna C. Poudel Jul 2012

Uptake Of Interventions For Preventing Mother-To-Child Hiv Transmission In 11 Operational Districts In Cambodia, Krishna C. Poudel

Krishna C. Poudel

INTRODUCTION: To achieve the global goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV, retention of HIV-positive women and their babies throughout the cascade of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services is necessary. Little evidence has been published on coverage of the cascade in resource-limited settings. Along with PMTCT service expansion in Cambodia, a national routine reporting system was developed. This study examines coverage of six PMTCT interventions to improve our understanding of retention throughout the cascade. METHOD: WE DEVELOPED INDICATORS TO MONITOR COVERAGE OF THE SIX KEY INTERVENTIONS: (1) maternal antiretroviral treatment or prophylaxis; (2) delivery in a health …

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Maternal Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence And The Risk Of Undernutrition Among Children Younger Than 5 Years In Bangladesh., Mosiur Rahman, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Keiko Otsuka, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Masamine Jimba Jun 2012

Maternal Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence And The Risk Of Undernutrition Among Children Younger Than 5 Years In Bangladesh., Mosiur Rahman, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Keiko Otsuka, Kayoko Yoshikawa, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the risk of undernutrition among children younger than 5 years in Bangladesh. METHODS: We used data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey. Our analyses were based on the responses of 1851 married women living with at least 1 child younger than 5 years. Exposure was determined from maternal reports of physical and sexual IPV. Outcomes included underweight, stunting, and wasting. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of the respondents had experienced IPV in the year preceding the survey. Maternal experience of any physical or sexual IPV was associated …

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Scale-Up Of Community-Based Malaria Control Can Be Achieved Without Degrading Community Health Workers' Service Quality: The Village Malaria Worker Project In Cambodia, Junko Yasuoka, Krishna C. Poudel, Po Ly, Chea Nguon, Duong Socheat, Masamine Jimba Jan 2012

Scale-Up Of Community-Based Malaria Control Can Be Achieved Without Degrading Community Health Workers' Service Quality: The Village Malaria Worker Project In Cambodia, Junko Yasuoka, Krishna C. Poudel, Po Ly, Chea Nguon, Duong Socheat, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Background
Malaria control has been scaled up in many developing countries in their efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Cambodia recently scaled up their Village Malaria Worker (VMW) project by substantially increasing the number of VMWs and expanding the project's health services to include treatment of fever, diarrhoea, and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children under five. This study examined if the scale-up interfered with VMWs' service quality, actions, and knowledge of malaria control, and analysed VMWs' overall achievements and perceptions of the newly added health services.
Methods
Structured interviews were conducted pre scale-up in February-March 2008 with 251 …

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