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Articles 1621 - 1650 of 2212

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Hiv Prevalence Determinants Among Young People In Zimbabwe: Sexual Practices Analysis, Joyce Caroline Mphaya Jan 2017

Hiv Prevalence Determinants Among Young People In Zimbabwe: Sexual Practices Analysis, Joyce Caroline Mphaya

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A decline in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates have been observed among females ages 15 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years in Zimbabwe between 2005 and 2010. However, for males 15 to 19 years, rising trends were observed, whereas for males ages 20 to 24 years, rates fluctuated between 2005 and 2011. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships between sexual behaviors and practices and HIV prevalence among young males and females ages 15 to 24 years in Zimbabwe. Guided by constructs of proximate determinants framework, extracted data from two National Demographic Health surveys …

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Sickle Cell Trait And Genetic Counseling, Tricia Salmon Anderson Jan 2017

Sickle Cell Trait And Genetic Counseling, Tricia Salmon Anderson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a very prevalent disorder in the United States, especially among African Americans or people of African descent. However, even with the prevalence of the disorder, there are no standardized guidelines for providing patients with information about SCT and the implications of the disorder at physicals and well-check visits. The purpose of this evidence-based project was to increase awareness for African American patients 18-44 years old in the practice setting about SCT and to provide options for testing and genetic counseling. Kotter's contemporary change theory was used as a guide to implement the new practice approach. …

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Culturally Competent Nutrition Counseling And Health Outcomes Of Patients On Emergency Dialysis, Edlyn Geraldine Bustamante Jan 2017

Culturally Competent Nutrition Counseling And Health Outcomes Of Patients On Emergency Dialysis, Edlyn Geraldine Bustamante

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Undocumented end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States only have access to emergency dialysis. To compensate for the lack of regular dialysis these patients must follow strict renal dietary restrictions. However, nutrition counseling by a dietitian is not part of the renal management of patients on emergency dialysis. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental treatment-control study was to assess how the application of nutritional counseling that is both culturally and linguistically competent affects dialysis frequency and biochemical lab values such as serum potassium, phosphorus, and vitamin D of patients in emergency dialysis. The study was grounded on …

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U.S. Young Adults Stds, Risk Perception, Risk Behaviors, And Health Information Seeking, Amanda Robison-Chadwell Jan 2017

U.S. Young Adults Stds, Risk Perception, Risk Behaviors, And Health Information Seeking, Amanda Robison-Chadwell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are preventable conditions for which treatment failure (specifically in gonorrhea) is becoming problematic. U.S. young adults (20-29 years) have high rates of STD incidence and prevention of these diseases, but reaching them to provide primary prevention educations is challenging due to low perceived susceptibility to infection and lack of knowledge about how young adults seek health information. The purpose of this quantitative survey study was to assess the association between perceived susceptibility to STDs, sexual risk behavior, and the acquisition of health information as it pertains to sexual health topics in young adults. The Health Belief …

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Improving Fall Prevention Strategies In An Acute-Care Setting, Sylvia B. Boye-Doe Jan 2017

Improving Fall Prevention Strategies In An Acute-Care Setting, Sylvia B. Boye-Doe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Falls with or without injuries among the elderly have become a public health concern, with falls among adults age 65 years and older increasing every year. Nurses play a role in ensuring patient safety by following fall prevention guidelines. The purpose of this evidence-based study was to implement the RE-AIM evaluation tool to determine the impact of the Safe Five program on staff compliance with the program; patients' awareness of the need for falls prevention; and falls among older adults, ages 65 years and older, admitted to an acute care nursing unit. The literature supports implementing a falls prevention program …

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Nutrition Services, Viral Suppression, Cd4, And Retention In Ryan White Program Participants, Theresa Jumento Jan 2017

Nutrition Services, Viral Suppression, Cd4, And Retention In Ryan White Program Participants, Theresa Jumento

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) provides HIV-related medical and support services for uninsured and underinsured people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States. In addition to HIV-related medical care, the program provides medical nutrition therapy and food assistance. The role of nutrition in the health of PLWH is well-documented, especially in resource poor areas; however, the role of medical nutrition therapy and food assistance provided through the RWHAP in resource rich areas is not well documented. This study addressed the association between the nutrition services of food assistance and medical nutrition therapy and the HIV-related health outcomes of …

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Impacts Of Observing Live Open Heart Surgery On Young Adults' Health Behaviors, Muhammad Musa Qarizadah Jan 2017

Impacts Of Observing Live Open Heart Surgery On Young Adults' Health Behaviors, Muhammad Musa Qarizadah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Having a heart healthy lifestyle at a younger age is beneficial in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adulthood and various health education programs for CHD prevention exist to persuade young adults to adopt a heart healthy lifestyle. Little is known, however, about the influence of watching live open heart surgery on young adults' adoption of a heart healthy lifestyle. To address that gap in knowledge, this study was conducted at a health facility in Virginia where students came to observe live open heart surgery. The purpose of the study was to understand whether watching live open …

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Perceptions Of Community-Based Participatory Research From Community And Academic Members, Ivonne G. Kanko Jan 2017

Perceptions Of Community-Based Participatory Research From Community And Academic Members, Ivonne G. Kanko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an increasingly popular form of public health research. However, little is known about the application of CBPR and the levels of involvement for partners in specific phases of the partnership. This phenomenological study addressed the application of CBPR from the perspectives of 7 academic researchers and 6 community members experienced in CBPR. Arnstein's ladder of citizenship participation and the community coalition action theory provided the framework for the study. Semi-structured interviews addressed participants' levels of involvement in the CBPR process, as well as challenges, concerns, successes, and recommendations for improvement. Interview transcripts were analyzed by …

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Evaluation Of Automated Reminders To Reduce Sepsis Mortality Rates, Maria M. Lindo Jan 2017

Evaluation Of Automated Reminders To Reduce Sepsis Mortality Rates, Maria M. Lindo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sepsis is still a leading cause of death in the United States despite extensive research and modern advancement in technology. Early recognition of sepsis and timely management strategies are important for effective reduction of sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. Guided by the logic model, the purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of electronic reminders in enhancing clinical decision-making among 30 nurses in 3 medical-surgical units. The practice-focused question addressed the effectiveness of electronic reminders for early recognition and initiation of goal-directed treatment of sepsis in hospitalized patients on medical-surgical units in an effort to reduce sepsis mortality rates. …

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Identifying Communication Barriers And Trust Issues Of Black Women Seeking Preventive Health Services In Houston, Texas, Melissa E. Shelton Jan 2017

Identifying Communication Barriers And Trust Issues Of Black Women Seeking Preventive Health Services In Houston, Texas, Melissa E. Shelton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black women mortality rates are perceived to be impacted by communication barriers, trust issues, and the lack of quality preventive health services. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore communication barriers and trust issues perceived by Black women when seeking preventive health services. HMB was used to identify public attitudes around receiving preventive health services and to construct each question based on perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of communication barriers and trust issues. An ecological model of the communication process was used as a framework to identify fundamental relationships between the Black female patients and health care providers. …

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10,000 Step Challenge For Bedside Registered Nurses Working 12 Hour Shifts, Katherine Louise Schnebly Jan 2017

10,000 Step Challenge For Bedside Registered Nurses Working 12 Hour Shifts, Katherine Louise Schnebly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a pandemic that directly affects chronic health problems and mortality. Researchers have shown that more than 54% of nurses are obese. The increasing rate of obesity among nurses and the long hours they work make healthy lifestyles, including daily physical activity, difficult. Tracking daily activity using a pedometer or fitness application has shown improved awareness and sustainability of daily physical activity. This project was an investigation of the daily steps of bedside nurses working a 12-hour shift, and their subsequent awareness of their daily physical activity. Pender's Health Promotion Model was used to consider motivating factors for improving …

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Workers' Perceptions Of The Effect Of Three-Tier Shift Schedules On Community Functioning, Jillian Leigh Wallace Jan 2017

Workers' Perceptions Of The Effect Of Three-Tier Shift Schedules On Community Functioning, Jillian Leigh Wallace

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Shift work is commonplace in many fields that require around-the-clock employee coverage. There is ample evidence that two-tier shift work can detrimentally affect health and functioning. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of three-tier shift schedules on physical and mental health and community functioning, a concept which refers to activities and behaviors performed by individuals or groups within a system. This study used a qualitative phenomenological design, and community functioning and recovery theory were central to the conceptual framework. In-depth interviews were used to explore the perceptions of three-tier shift workers on their functioning, relationships, mental …

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A Qualitative Exploration Of The Meaning And Understanding Of Male Partner Involvement In Pregnancy-Related Care Among Men In Rural South Africa, Motlagabo G. Matseke, Robert A. C. Ruiter, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Nicole A. Barylski, Stephen M. Weiss, Deborah L. Jones, Karl Peltzer, Geoffrey Setswe, Sibusiso Sifunda Jan 2017

A Qualitative Exploration Of The Meaning And Understanding Of Male Partner Involvement In Pregnancy-Related Care Among Men In Rural South Africa, Motlagabo G. Matseke, Robert A. C. Ruiter, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Nicole A. Barylski, Stephen M. Weiss, Deborah L. Jones, Karl Peltzer, Geoffrey Setswe, Sibusiso Sifunda

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Male partner involvement (MPI) during antenatal care has been promoted as an effective intervention to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. Although MPI is commonly defined as men attending antenatal clinic visits with their female partner, few men attend antenatal clinic visits in rural communities in the province of Mpumalanga, South Africa. The study aimed to qualitatively explore the meaning and understanding of MPI as perceived by men visiting primary health care clinics in rural communities in Mpumalanga. Six focus groups discussions (n = 53) were conducted, digitally recorded, simultaneously transcribed, and translated verbatim into English. Data were analyzed …

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Predictors Of Obesity, Acculturation, And Perceived Stress In Meskhetian Turk (Ahiska) Immigrants In The United States, Zekeriya Temircan Jan 2017

Predictors Of Obesity, Acculturation, And Perceived Stress In Meskhetian Turk (Ahiska) Immigrants In The United States, Zekeriya Temircan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases among the ethnic minorities for adult immigrants in the United States. There have been many research studies conducted to examine the relationship between the predictors and obesity in minority groups in the United States, that relationship was unknown in Meskhetian Turk (Ahiska) immigrant populations. Guided by social ecological model and acculturation theory, this study examined the predictors of obesity in the Meskhetian Turk (Ahiska) immigrant population in the western United States. Data were collected from 109 participants using CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. …

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Barriers And Perceptions Of Black American Men About Prostate Cancer In Georgia, Martins M. Nnoko Jan 2017

Barriers And Perceptions Of Black American Men About Prostate Cancer In Georgia, Martins M. Nnoko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 2016, prostate cancer was the second leading cause of fatality in the United States. However, the population in this study 'Black American men, ages 40 and older, in selected counties in Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Clayton and Atlanta metropolitan areas' tended to underutilize prostate cancer care. The purpose of this quantitative, nonexperimental descriptive study was to determine whether socio-economic barriers and perceptions of Black American men about prostate cancer reduce their ability to access quality care in this county in Georgia. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to inform the predictive validity of perceptions, attitudes, and belief on individual …

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Using An Apn-Led Transitional Care Program To Reduce 30-Day Hospital Readmissions, Miaozhen Li Jan 2017

Using An Apn-Led Transitional Care Program To Reduce 30-Day Hospital Readmissions, Miaozhen Li

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health problem associated with high mortality rates, hospital readmissions, and health care costs. Transitional care has emerged as a disease management model used to reduce readmissions for hospital-discharged patients with HF. However, the efficacy of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-led transitional care program (TCP) in readmission reduction is under debate. The practice question for this project examined the extent to which an APN-led TCP was effective in reducing 30-day all-cause readmissions for hospital-discharged HF patients. The logic model was the framework guiding this program evaluation. An analysis of quality improvement HF data from …

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Higher Education Leaders' Transformative Learning And Leadership Experiences Responding To Student Drug Abuse, James Vernon Battin Jan 2017

Higher Education Leaders' Transformative Learning And Leadership Experiences Responding To Student Drug Abuse, James Vernon Battin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Today's academic and social environment creates uncertainties, new roles, frequent changes, and challenging situations for student affairs academic leaders. The purpose of this study was to explore how student affairs academic leaders described their recent challenging experiences in addressing student drug abuse in higher education. The conceptual framework was based on adult transformative learning theory and applied transformative leadership perspectives. An interview format with open-ended questions was used to explore the experiences of 8 student affairs leaders who had faced challenging situations in the context of student drug abuse. A qualitative interpretive analysis was used that involved open coding of …

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Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Maternal Health And Birth Weight In Appalachia, Kristen Baker Dickerson Jan 2017

Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Maternal Health And Birth Weight In Appalachia, Kristen Baker Dickerson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adverse birth outcomes and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are concerns in the United States, with potential to impact health indices now and in the future. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the association between maternal exposure to ACE, low birth weight, and county of residence in the Appalachian population using the Life Course Approach as the theoretical framework. A cross-sectional study design and clustering strategy was used to randomly select potential respondents from a data set that was provided by Ohio Department of Health. Self-administered questionnaires were sent to potential respondents to collect information about ACE in …

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Barriers To Preventive Healthcare For Immigrants In Michigan, Sondos Ghazi Al-Hachim Jan 2017

Barriers To Preventive Healthcare For Immigrants In Michigan, Sondos Ghazi Al-Hachim

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Affordable Care Act expanded insurance coverage to the general population; however, expanding insurance coverage to immigrants might not be sufficient to improve utilization of annual physical preventive exams. This study evaluated adult Michigan immigrants' individual demographics, perceptions, and behaviors, as well as the collective cultural and system characteristics that might act as barriers to the utilization of annual physical preventive exams. Ken Wilber's integral operating system model for medicine conceptual framework was used to create a comprehensive map of factors and bring more clarity and understanding to the barriers to annual physical preventive exam. The quantitative survey was the …

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An Evidenced-Based Pain Management Module To Improve Clinicians' Knowledge, Mark A. Wells Jan 2017

An Evidenced-Based Pain Management Module To Improve Clinicians' Knowledge, Mark A. Wells

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Chronic pain syndrome continues to be a national health concern among all medical specialties. It has an impact on the entire health care system and if current trends continue, the economic impact alone will exceed 100 billion dollars. In 2014, 254 million prescription opioids were written in the United States. During this time, an increase in prescription opioid related deaths was seen, with approximately 20,101 deaths occurring in 2015. Properly trained clinicians across the health care system are needed to achieve successful patient outcomes, while reducing cost, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of the scholarly project was to develop a …

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The Effect Of Referral Source On Patient Participation In Diabetes Education Programs, Karyn Marie Gallivan Jan 2017

The Effect Of Referral Source On Patient Participation In Diabetes Education Programs, Karyn Marie Gallivan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The goal of diabetes education programs (DEPs) is to improve patients' pattern-management habits for those with type 2 diabetes (T2D), though participation in DEPs is lower than expected due to low physician referral rates. This retrospective study examined secondary data of 162 T2D patients who had been referred to a DEP in a community center in RI to determine whether the source of referral affected patient attendance, participation persistence, and outcomes. Self-referred (n = 62) and physician-referred (n = 100) groups were analyzed for possible associations among the aforementioned variables. Chi-square (p = .04) and logistic regression (p = .04) …

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Determinants Of Switching From Peritoneal To Hemodialysis In Preserving Residual Renal Function, Mohamed Katerji Jan 2017

Determinants Of Switching From Peritoneal To Hemodialysis In Preserving Residual Renal Function, Mohamed Katerji

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There are more than 2 million end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the world. ESRD is becoming more manageable with the advent of competent therapies such as peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). While recent evidence suggests that switching from PD to HD may preserve residual renal function longer than either PD or HD alone as an alternative approach, little is known about the optimal timing and the long-term efficacy of switching dialysis modes. The purpose of this quantitative retrospective study, based on the bio-psychosocial model, was to investigate the optimal timing and determinants of the effectiveness of switching …

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Hiv Testing Practices And Provider-Identified Barriers In The Acute Care Setting, Alex Ariri Jan 2017

Hiv Testing Practices And Provider-Identified Barriers In The Acute Care Setting, Alex Ariri

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations to test patients ages 13 to 64 years for HIV at health care settings, routine HIV testing is lacking. As a result, many people are unaware of their HIV seropositive status. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine relationships between HIV testing and provider type, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIV testing in the acute care setting. The study was informed by social cognitive theory. Using a convenient sampling method, a questionnaire derived from previous surveys (Society of General Internal Medicine and University of Washington) was sent to …

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Caring For Patients With Delirium In The Intensive Care Unit, Susan Archer Jan 2017

Caring For Patients With Delirium In The Intensive Care Unit, Susan Archer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Patients in hospital intensive care units are at increased risk to develop delirium, a condition which is characterized by a disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition. Critical care nurses must have the knowledge to assess, recognize, and manage delirium. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based policy for the assessment of delirium and a comprehensive nursing education plan which included an analysis and synthesis of the literature, a curriculum plan, and a pretest/posttest. The Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model framed the project, which used a multidisciplinary team approach. Two nursing leaders, each with a doctor …

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Social Network And Health Seeking Behavior Of Men Of West African Descent, Opeyemi Odewale Jan 2017

Social Network And Health Seeking Behavior Of Men Of West African Descent, Opeyemi Odewale

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Men are less likely than women to seek help from health services providers regarding the health issues they face. In the United States, of the various race/ethnicity populations, Black American men are least likely to seek health related help, which is reflected in the substantially higher mortality and morbidity rates in Black American men compared to other populations. Guided by the social epidemiological framework, this study examined the relationship between social network measure and health help-seeking behavior among foreign-born and U.S.-born Black American men of West African descent residing in the state of Rhode Island. A cross-sectional study design with …

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Assessment Of Postoperative And Postdischarge Wound Infection After Abdominal Hysterectomy, Jinni J. Amin Jan 2017

Assessment Of Postoperative And Postdischarge Wound Infection After Abdominal Hysterectomy, Jinni J. Amin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection. Approximately 2% to 14% of surgical patients are diagnosed with SSI, which may extend length of stay in the hospital or lead to readmission and may necessitate another surgical procedure. Patient readmission due to SSI costs health care industries about $3,000 to $29,000 per case and a total of $10 billion per year. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional retrospective study was to examine the association between SSI and teaching status, hospital ownership, and number of beds in the hospital. The epidemiological triad was used as a framework to describe …

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Impact Of Hospital Closures On Families In Rural Communities, Onetha Dickerson Jan 2017

Impact Of Hospital Closures On Families In Rural Communities, Onetha Dickerson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Closure of community hospitals directly impacts the health of rural populations and indirectly affects economic growth and access to medical services. The purpose of this doctoral project was to assess the causes and impacts of hospital closures on rural communities. The practice-focused question addressed the implications of hospital closures on individuals and families in rural communities. A systematic review of the literature, based on conflict theory, addressed populations that lack health care facility resources. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the selection of 8 journal articles for review. The inclusion criteria for articles encompassed the impact …

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Effect Of Physical Activity Frequency On Body Image Among Young Adult Women, Kristin Minter Jan 2017

Effect Of Physical Activity Frequency On Body Image Among Young Adult Women, Kristin Minter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately half of all female adolescents and young adults suffer from body dissatisfaction and, in turn, body image-related health concerns. Poor body image can contribute to various negative health behaviors including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide. Research indicates a positive relationship between physical activity and self-esteem, and between self-esteem and body image. However, a paucity of research examines the effect of physical activity frequency on the body image of young women with two-like body compositions, as measured by body mass index (BMI). Based on self-discrepancy theory, self-schema theory, and the health belief model, this quantitative study explored …

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Needs Assessment For A Lifestyle Intervention Weight Loss Program For Hospital Employees, Karen Baumann Jan 2017

Needs Assessment For A Lifestyle Intervention Weight Loss Program For Hospital Employees, Karen Baumann

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The rate of obesity is increasing in the United States. In Florida, almost 60% of the population will be obese by 2030. This increase is expected to contribute to millions of cases of preventable chronic diseases costing the state an estimated $34 billion dollars. Employer-sponsored health programs can positively influence employees' lifestyle choices and support weight loss programs to reduce health-related costs to the employee and the employer. Guided by the transtheoretical model, the purpose of the project was to conduct an employee assessment to determine the need for, interest in, and readiness for a lifestyle intervention weight loss program. …

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Understanding The Importance Of Culturally Appropriate Patient-Provider Communication In Diabetes Self-Management, Anita Mwalui Jan 2017

Understanding The Importance Of Culturally Appropriate Patient-Provider Communication In Diabetes Self-Management, Anita Mwalui

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29.1 million people in the United States have diabetes. Among those 29.1 million people, 21 million have been diagnosed, but 8.1 million have not. Changing demographics in the United States and the prevalence of diabetes are projected to be burdens on the health care system through 2050. Guided by the social cognitive theory, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the importance of culturally appropriate patient-provider communication to the self-management of Type 2 diabetes by patients who are African immigrants. Culturally based health care has unique challenges when …

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