Public Health Commons^™

Designing High-Quality Implementation Research: Development, Application, Feasibility And Preliminary Evaluation Of The Implementation Science Research Development (Impres) Tool And Guide, Louise Hull, Lucy Goulding, Zarnie Khadjesari, Rachel E. Davis, Andy Healey, Ioannis Bakolis, Nick Sevdalis

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Designing implementation research can be a complex and daunting task, especially for applied health researchers who have not received specialist training in implementation science. We developed the Implementation Science Research Development (ImpRes) tool and supplementary guide to address this challenge and provide researchers with a systematic approach to designing implementation research. METHODS: A multi-method and multi-stage approach was employed. An international, multidisciplinary expert panel engaged in an iterative brainstorming and consensus-building process to generate core domains of the ImpRes tool, representing core implementation science principles and concepts that researchers should consider when designing implementation research. Simultaneously, an iterative process …

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review, Catherine M. Phillips, Ling-Wei Chen, Barbara Heude, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Nicholas C. Harvey, Liesbeth Duijts, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Kinga Polanska, Giulia Mancano, Matthew Suderman, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

There are over 1,000,000 publications on diet and health and over 480,000 references on inflammation in the National Library of Medicine database. In addition, there have now been over 30,000 peer-reviewed articles published on the relationship between diet, inflammation, and health outcomes. Based on this voluminous literature, it is now recognized that low-grade, chronic systemic inflammation is associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as impaired neurodevelopment and adverse mental health outcomes. Dietary components modulate inflammatory status. In recent years, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®), a literature-derived …

Increased Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Schizophrenia: Results Of A Case-Control Study From Bahrain, Haitham Jahrami, Mo'ez Al-Islam Faris, Hadeel Ali Ghazzawi, Zahra Saif, Layla Habib, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert

Faculty Publications

Background: Several studies have indicated that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the development of schizophrenia. Given the role of diet in modulating inflammatory markers, excessive caloric intake and increased consumption of pro-inflammatory components such as calorie-dense, nutrient-sparse foods may contribute toward increased rates of schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary inflammation, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII (R)), and schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 120 cases attending the out-patient department in the Psychiatric Hospital/Bahrain were recruited, along with 120 healthy controls matched on age and sex. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was computed based …

Increased Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Schizophrenia: Results Of A Case–Control Study From Bahrain, Haitham Jahrami, Moez Al-Islam Faris, Hadeel Ghazzawi, Zahra Saif, Layla Habib, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Background: Several studies have indicated that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the development of schizophrenia. Given the role of diet in modulating inflammatory markers, excessive caloric intake and increased consumption of pro-inflammatory components such as calorie-dense, nutrient-sparse foods may contribute toward increased rates of schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary inflammation, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII^®), and schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 120 cases attending the out-patient department in the Psychiatric Hospital/Bahrain were recruited, along with 120 healthy controls matched on age and sex. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was computed …

Information Diffusion And Social Norms Are Associated With Infant And Young Child Feeding Practices In Bangladesh, Phuong H. Nguyen, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sunny S. Kim, Amanda A. Zongrone, Amir Jilani, Lan Mai Tran, Tina Sanghvi, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Background

Interaction within mothers’ social networks can theoretically diffuse messages from interventions and campaigns into norms and practices for infant and young child feeding (IYCF).

Objectives

We hypothesized that mothers’ social networks, diffusion of information, and social norms differed in intensive [intensive interpersonal counseling (IPC), community mobilization (CM), and mass media (MM)] compared with nonintensive (standard IPC and less-intensive CM and MM) intervention areas, were associated with IYCF practices, and partly explained practice improvement.

Methods

We conducted household surveys at endline in 2014 and follow-up in 2016 (n = ∼2000 each round). We used multiple regression to test differences …

Higher Pro-Inflammatory Dietary Score Is Associated With Higher Hyperuricemia Risk: Results From The Case-Controlled Korean Genome And Epidemiology Study_Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, Hye Sun Kim, Minji Kwon, Yi Hyun Lee, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Cheongmin Sohn, Woori Na, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

In previous studies, the elevated dietary inflammatory index (DII^®) scores have been consistently associated with several chronic diseases. However, the relationship with hyperuricemia remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if the DII is associated with hyperuricemia risk. The study included 13,701 participants (men 5102; women 8599) in a large-scale cross-sectional study in South Korea. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) was used to measure dietary intake, and blood samples were obtained to determine hyperuricemia. As the DII score increased, the hyperuricemia risk increased among women (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.77, p trend = …

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Its Relationship With Cervical Carcinogenesis Risk In Korean Women: A Case-Control Study, Sundara Raj Sreeja, Hyun Yi Lee, Minji Kwon, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

Several studies have reported that diet’s inflammatory potential is related to chronic diseases such as cancer, but its relationship with cervical cancer risk has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®) and cervical cancer risk among Korean women. This study consisted of 764 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, 2, 3, or cervical cancer, and 729 controls from six gynecologic oncology clinics in South Korea. The DII was computed using a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios and 95% CI were calculated using multinomial …

Behavior Change Interventions Delivered Through Interpersonal Communication, Agricultural Activities, Community Mobilization, And Mass Media Increase Complementary Feeding Practices And Reduce Child Stunting In Ethiopia, Sunny S. Kim, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Yisehac Yohannes, Yewelsew Abebe, Manisha Tharaney, Elizabeth Drummond, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are critical for optimal child growth and development, but in Ethiopia, complementary feeding (CF) practices are very poor. Alive & Thrive (A&T) provided intensive behavior change interventions through 4 platforms: interpersonal communication (IPC), nutrition-sensitive agricultural activities (AG), community mobilization (CM), and mass media (MM).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of A&T intensive compared with nonintensive interventions (standard nutrition counseling and agricultural extension service and less intensive CM and MM) on CF practices and knowledge and child anthropometric outcomes.

METHODS: We used a cluster-randomized …

Body Mass Index Z-Score Modifies The Association Between Added Sugar Intake And Arterial Stiffness In Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The Search Nutrition Ancillary Study, Natalie S. The, Sarah C. Couch, Elaine M. Urbina, Jamie L. Crandell, Angela D. Liese, Dana Dabelea, Grace J. Kim, Janet A. Tooze, Jean M. Lawrence, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis

Faculty Publications

The relationship between added sugar and arterial stiffness in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been well-described. We used data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH), an ongoing observational cohort study, to determine the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness in individuals diagnosed with T1D(n = 1539; mean diabetes duration of 7.9 ± 1.9 years). Added sugar intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and arterial stiffness measures included pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index. Separate multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness. …

Intervention Design Elements Are Associated With Frontline Health Workers' Performance To Deliver Infant And Young Child Nutrition Services In Bangladesh And Vietnam, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Sunny S. Kim, Lan Mai Tran, Purnima Menon, Edward A. Frongillo

Faculty Publications

Background: Frontline health workers (FLWs) are needed for delivering interventions at scale to reduce maternal and child undernutrition, but low- and middle-income countries often face inadequate FLW performance.

Objectives: We examined whether and how intervention design elements such as training, supervision, and mass media improved FLW performance in delivering nutrition services.

Methods: Survey data were collected in 2010 and 2014 as part of impact evaluations of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Bangladesh and Vietnam. FLWs in A&T intensive (A&T-I) areas received specialized IYCF training, job aids, and regular supportive supervision. …

The Plant-Based And Soul-Full Study (Pass): Examining How Owners Of Local Vegan Soul Food Restaurants Promote The Consumption Of Vegan Foods In The African American Community, Anthony Crimarco

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Obesity remains a prevalent public health epidemic and African American (AA) adults are disproportionately affected by obesity more than any other ethnic group. There are also disparities in obesity by location, with the South having the highest rates compared to other geographic regions in the United States. Addressing poor dietary habits is important for improving obesity rates among AAs, but there has been limited research that has focused on specifically developing culturally-tailored interventions. With a recent number of soul food restaurants serving exclusively vegan meals opening up across the country to appeal to AAs and others interested in eating …

Behavioral And Neural Correlates Of Aging Effects On Temporal Predictive Mechanisms During Speech Production And Limb Movement, Karim Joharikhatoonabad

Theses and Dissertations

Existing evidence suggests that the brain facilitates motor responses to temporally predictable sensory inputs by generating more robust predictions about the timing of incoming stimuli to better estimate the next state of movement. In this context, previous studies have shown that motor responses are generated with faster reaction time in response to sensory stimuli with predictable compared to those with unpredictable temporal dynamics. However, our understanding of the underlying behavioral and neural mechanisms of temporal predictive mechanisms during movement production has remained limited by several factors. First, studies regarding temporal predictive mechanisms have mainly examined limb movement as a target …

Association Between Snps In The Vitamin D Binding Protein, Vitamin D Status, And Aggressive Prostate Cancer By Race, Diana Diaz

Theses and Dissertations

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality have been decreasing in recent years, but it remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Racial disparities exist in prostate cancer with African Americans (AAs) having notably higher rates of incidence and mortality, lower survival rates, and are more likely to be diagnosed with a highergrade cancer compared to European Americans (EAs). Genome-wide association studies have revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin Drelated GC gene that may be associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition to SNPs, previous research has suggested that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be related …

The Association Of Rural Hospital Closures With In-Hospital And 30-Day Post Hospital Discharge Mortality From Emergency Care Sensitive Conditions, Melinda A. Merrell

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose

Over 100 rural hospitals have closed in the U.S. since 2010. Continuous pressures on the rural health care delivery system suggest that the trajectory of closures will continue in at least the short-term. While the causes of rural hospital closures have been described in the literature, the effects on the health outcomes of populations that experience these closures are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between rural hospital closures and in-hospital and 30-day post hospital discharge mortality rates for affected residents experiencing time-sensitive emergencies in two U.S. states.

Methods

Rural hospital closures were …

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) For Hiv Prevention: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Sexual Risks And Knowledge, Perceptions, And Willingness Of Prep Use Among African American Women In The South, Jamie Troutman

Theses and Dissertations

There are approximately 1.1 million people living with HIV in United States, with nearly 40,000 new diagnoses annually. Significant regional and racial disparities are associated with HIV diagnoses — with the South experiencing the greatest burden of HIV and African American women accounting for 60% of new diagnoses among women. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been designated as an effective tool to prevent HIV transmission among individuals who may be at risk of HIV infection. Earlier PrEP research has focused mainly on at-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Previous PrEP research involving African American women included …

Disparities In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In The United States: An Examination Of Treatment, Survival, And Access To Care, Cassie Lewis Odahowski

Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of only 18%. Differences in access to care and treatment utilization may play a role in observed survival disparities among rural patient populations. This dissertation aimed to examine rural disparities in all-cause and lung-cancer specific survival, time to treatment initiation, and utilization of surgical treatment among non-small cell lung cancer cases.

We utilized comprehensive cancer registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program linked with Medicare billing claims (SEER-Medicare) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients diagnosed between 2003-2011. We …

Effect Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback On Sleep, Joshua Mercadel

Theses and Dissertations

Healthy amounts of sleep is vital for normal human functions such as daily learning, memory, emotional state and cardiovascular function. Studies conducted previously have shown sleep deprivation to be associated with increases in sympathetic activity contributing to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. HRV biofeedback (HRVB) training induces HRV coherence, a condition that maximizes HRV and facilitates autonomic and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. This randomized, controlled, intervention trial will test the hypothesis that HRVB can improve HRV coherence and increase overall sleep quality. Patients are randomized to previously established HRVB or sham protocols (n=40 each, total planned enrollment N=80). Each participant completes a …

Experience Of Persistent Pain Among Military Service Members Participating In An Interdisciplinary Intensive Outpatient Program, Barbara Katarzyna Bujak

Theses and Dissertations

Persistent pain is one of today’s most complex issues in healthcare. In the U.S. military, persistent pain affects close to half of the service members who have deployed overseas and up to 73.2% of service members and veterans experiencing persistent pain. Interdisciplinary pain management, considered one of the most effective ways to manage persistent pain, utilizes the biopsychosocial model that illustrates the dynamic interaction between the physiological, psychological and social factors involved in the experience of persistent pain. Effective interdisciplinary programs address all components of the model and result in better coping skills to self-manage persistent pain, decreased fear of …

The Association Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Advancing Age Among Those With And Without Type Ii Diabetes, Amber Kathlyn Watson

Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and age to determine if the decrease in CRF associated with advancing age is greater among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to those without T2DM. This study also assessed if differences in CRF between persons with T2DM and those without are consistent across CRF percentiles.

METHODS: Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS, Dallas, Texas, 1970-2006) were utilized in the current study. CRF was measured by maximal treadmill exercise testing using the Balke protocol and T2DM status was determined by self-report of previous diagnosis by …

Disparities In Colorectal Cancer: Measuring Spatial Accessibility, Screening, And Surveillance Outcomes In South Carolina, Michele J. Josey

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation project is to add to the growing literature about the multi-faceted aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and related disparities. We focused on the spatial distribution of facilities performing screening services to identify areas that underutilize colonoscopy screening. Next, we examined how the food and physical activity environment affects precursors of CRC by considering plausible pathways. Finally, we explored if access to health insurance reduced the racial disparity of receiving a timely surveillance colonoscopy after a CRC diagnosis.

We utilized the SC Ambulatory Surgery Discharge Database, an all-payer, population-based outpatient dataset with colonoscopy records from …

Social Networks, Social Support, And Contextual Factors That Affect Blood Glucose Control Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Urban Ghana, Marian O. Botchway

Theses and Dissertations

This study used primary data from Kumasi, Ghana, to examine whether social networks, social support, diabetes-related stigma, religion, and traditional medicine affected blood glucose (HbA1c) control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First, the study evaluated whether three social network characteristics (kin composition, household composition, and network density) were directly or indirectly (via social support) associated with HbA1c. Kin composition and household composition were significantly associated with social support. Neither network characteristics nor social support were associated with HbA1c, which suggests that social network characteristics may operate through mechanisms other than social support to affect HbA1c among study …

Role Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback In Cognitive Performance, Chronic Pain, And Related Symptoms, James P. Winstead

Theses and Dissertations

Over-modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) are commonly overlooked components of pain, poor cognition (decreased attention, recall, and cognitive processing), depression, stress, and fatigue. HRV Biofeedback (HRVB) training induces HRV coherence to balance the autonomic system. Paced breathing (~6 breaths/minute) increases HRV coherence. This randomized, controlled intervention trial tested the hypothesis that HRVB would improve HRV coherence, pain (severity, interference, and catastrophizing), cognitive performance, and reduce depressive, stress, and fatigue symptoms and pain medication use in veterans. Participants were randomized to previously established HRVB or control protocols. Each participant completed a Baseline Assessment, 6 …

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Prevention And Control Behaviors In Cusco, Peru, Venice Elizabeth Haynes

Theses and Dissertations

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer; however, it continues to pose significant health challenges for women in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Peru. Studies previously conducted in Peru have examined factors associated with cervical cancer screening, screening access, availability, and geographical determinants on cervical cancer incidence and mortality. These studies have suggested the need to explore sociocultural factors and the roles of men and women in screening decisions associated with excessive cervical cancer burden and low rates of screening among Peruvian women. The goal of the dissertation research was to explore influences of …

Prevalence Trends Of Victimization Among High School Students By Race, Ethnicity, And Gender – Yrbss 2009-2017, Carlos Avalos

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Students who are victimized at school are more likely to report mental health, behavioral, and academic problems. Bullying and electronic bullying are types of victimization that are prevalent in US schools, with prevalence varying by race and ethnicity, gender, and age. Additionally, due to increases in bias-based harassment (such as being targeted due to race, ethnicity, or religious beliefs) in the country over the last few years, it is of interest to see how victimization behaviors in schools may have changed from 2015 to 2017.

Objective: To analyze trends of overall bullying, school bullying, electronic bullying, and other forms …

Evaluating Impacts Of A Multilevel Resilience-Based Psychosocial Intervention On Mental Health Of Children Affected By Parental Hiv In China, Yanping Jiang

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Children affected by parental HIV are commonly exposed to multiple risk factors, including parental illness and death, other traumatic life events, HIV stigma, and poverty, all of which in turn put them at elevated risk of experiencing poor mental health outcomes. Previous research has suggested the promise of psychosocial interventions in improving mental health for children affected by parental HIV through an integrated and multilevel resilience-based approach. However, there are few multilevel resilience-based interventions for this group, and the efficacy of such interventions on mental health outcomes has not been fully examined. Furthermore, very few studies have examined whether …

Exploring Breast Cancer Care Variation In Coc-Accredited Facilities, Sarah Grace Barron

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: While improvements have been made in reducing breast cancer incidence and mortality over the past twenty years, disparities in breast cancer mortality remain. Understanding systematic differences in breast cancer treatment and quality of care remain at the epicenter of understanding breast cancer disparities. Needle biopsy is a less invasive and less expensive diagnostic test for breast cancer (as compared to excisional biopsy) and permits diagnosis while avoiding unnecessary surgery. This study was conducted to 1) examine how the National Quality Forum (NQF)-endorsed needle biopsy utilization measure varies geographically (i.e. state and region) and 2) determine the patient- and/or health …

The Cost Of Improving Nutritional Outcomes Through Food‐Assisted Maternal And Child Health And Nutrition Programmes In Burundi And Guatemala, Jessica Heckert, Jef L. Leroy, Deanna K. Olney, Susan Richter, Elyse Iruhiriye, Marie T. Ruel

Faculty Publications

Evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of multisectoral maternal and child health and nutrition programmes is scarce. We conducted a prospective costing study of two food‐assisted maternal and child health and nutrition programmes targeted to pregnant women and children during the first 1,000 days (pregnancy to 2 years). Each was paired with a cluster‐randomized controlled trial to evaluate impact and compare the optimal quantity and composition of food rations (Guatemala, five treatment arms) and their optimal timing and duration (Burundi, three treatment arms). We calculated the total and per beneficiary cost, conducted cost consequence analyses, and estimated the cost savings from extending …

Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity, And Colorectal And Breast Cancer Risk(Mcc-Spain Study), Mireia Obón-Santacana, Dora Romaguera, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Amaia Molinuevo, Esther Molina-Montes, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Adonia Tardón, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Ferran Moratalla, Elisabet Guinó, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Mikel Azpiri Leire Gil, Rocío Olmedo-Requena, Macarena Lozano-Lorca, Juan Alguacil, Tania Fernández-Villa, Vicente Martín, Antonio J. Molina, María Ederra, Beatriz Perez, Nuria Aragonés, Adela Castello, José Mª Huerta, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Ana Molina-Barceló, Marina Pollán, Manolis Kogevinas, Victor Moreno, Pilar Amiano

Faculty Publications

Inflammation and antioxidant capacity have been associated with colorectal and breast cancer. We computed the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), and the total dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and associated them with colorectal and breast cancer risk in the population-based multi case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). We included 1852 colorectal cancer and 1567 breast cancer cases, and 3447 and 1486 population controls, respectively. DII score and NEAC were derived using data from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for energy-adjusted DII (E-DII), and a score …

Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity, And Colorectal And Breast Cancer Risk (Mcc-Spain Study), Mireia Obon-Santacana, Dora Romaguera, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Amaia Molinuevo, Esther Molina-Montes, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Adonina Tardon, Gemma Castano-Vinyals, Ferran Moratalla, Elisabet Guino, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Mikel Azpiri, Leire Gil, Rocio Olmedo-Requena, Macarena Lozano-Lorca, Juan Alguacil, Tania Fernandez-Villa, Vicente Martin, Antonio J. Molina, Maria Ederra, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Beatriz Perez, Nuria Aragones

Faculty Publications

Inflammation and antioxidant capacity have been associated with colorectal and breast cancer. We computed the dietary inflammatory index (DII^®), and the total dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and associated them with colorectal and breast cancer risk in the population-based multi case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). We included 1852 colorectal cancer and 1567 breast cancer cases, and 3447 and 1486 population controls, respectively. DII score and NEAC were derived using data from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for energy-adjusted DII (E-DII), and …

Parenting Styles Are Associated With Overall Child Dietary Quality Within Low-Income And Food-Insecure Households, Michael P. Burke, Sonya J. Jones, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Christine E. Blake, Maryah S. Fram

Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine the association between parenting styles and overall child dietary quality within households that are low-income and food-insecure.

Design: Child dietary intake was measured via a 24 h dietary recall. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). Parenting styles were measured and scored using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Linear regressions were used to test main and interaction associations between HEI-2005 scores and parenting styles.

Setting: Non-probability sample of low-income and food-insecure households in South Carolina, USA.

Participants: Parent–child dyads (n 171). Parents were ≥18 years old and children were …