Public Health Commons^™

Surveillance Of Non-Fatal Agricultural Injuries Among Farm Operators In The Central States Region Of The United States, Ketki Patel

Theses & Dissertations

Agriculture is a major industry in the U.S. with high rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries. The dynamic nature of the U.S. agriculture industry, regional variations in farming practices, and the diverse workforce make surveillance of injuries challenging. A recent National Academies (U.S.) evaluation reported that data for non-fatal agricultural injury are scarce, and mainly available through national surveys. Limited data are available for employees in the agriculture sector, especially farm owners and operators. The objectives of this study were to- 1) review and evaluate existing survey-based systems for surveillance of non-fatal agricultural injuries on U.S. farms, and 2) …

Global Trends In Cancer Burden Based On Geographic Location, Socio-Economic Status And Demographic Shift, Sanjib Chowdhury

Theses & Dissertations

The global burden of cancer is rising at an alarming rate. It remains as one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is predicted that within 2020, there will be 15 million new cases of cancer in the world, with cancer-related deaths increasing to 12 million. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global cancer burden is expected to surge 57% worldwide in the next 20 years. A significant rise in cancer burden will occur in the low-income and middle-income (developing) countries not only due to demographic shifts, but also by the transition of risk factors …

Modifiable Barriers To Optimal Outcomes In Gout Management, Brian W. Coburn

Theses & Dissertations

Improving patient outcomes in chronic disease is of critical importance to the future of health care. Gout, affecting 4% of the US population, is a highly treatable chronic disease from which patients experience unnecessarily suboptimal outcomes. In this dissertation, I demonstrate how interrelated patient and provider factors affect patient outcomes in gout. First, I describe how only 14% of gout patients know their serum urate (SU) goal for urate lowering therapy (ULT) despite otherwise being knowledgeable about gout and its treatment. I then demonstrate the importance of multiple patient and provider factors in achieving SU goal. Specifically, I demonstrate that …

Using Homeland Security Exercise Evaluation Program To Execute A Mass Prophylaxis Exercise In A Rural Community., Brian K. Smith

Theses & Dissertations

This project explores the execution of point of distribution exercises in a rural community. Harrison County Iowa is a rural county with a population over 15,000 located approximately 45 minutes north of the Omaha metro area. The project explored the existing point of distribution plans and inventory for the Harrison County Home and Public Health Department. Prior to this project, many staff at Harrison County Home and Public Health Department had no experience with table top or full scale exercises. The mass prophylaxis point of distribution plan had not been updated, and staff had not received training on the point …

Establishment Of Comprehensive Training Center In Tajikistan, Umeda Sadykova

Theses & Dissertations

There is a notable increase in the number of natural and manmade disasters all over the world in the past two decades. Emergency preparedness is a field that is drawing increased attention in many countries. Tajikistan is a disaster prone country with unforgiving nature and weak preparedness infrastructure/system. Tajikistan’s weak emergency preparedness system can be attributed to two main reasons; lack of coordination between the government and international emergency organizations, and the paucity of well trained and organized network of emergency professionals. This study drafted a proposal to establish a comprehensive training center in Tajikistan. This training center will be …

Human Papillomavirus And Its Impact On Vulnerable Populations, Harpriya Kaur

Theses & Dissertations

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The infection is higher in certain racial/ethnic groups and those who are immunocompromised including pregnant women. Because immune system is suppressed during pregnancy, women are at higher risk of various types of infection including HPV, a known risk factor for pregnancy complications. However, its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes is unclear. Another high risk population is Northern Plain American Indian. In the Northern Plains region, American Indian women have significantly higher rate of HPV infection than white counterparts and are infected with different types of HPVs than the general population. …

Exploring Emergency Communication Experiences In Response To The 2010 Haiti Earthquake: Lessons Learned From International Donors And Local Government Agencies, Pierre Marie Barbara Roussel

Theses & Dissertations

Background:

In almost every disaster situation, the use of standardized communication procedures among humanitarian relief agencies has been identified as one of the efficient practices to minimize the mismanagement of resources and thus to maximize the response effort among actors to reduce the incidence impact on the public and to increase their resilience capabilities.

Agencies have access to several guidelines to follow during domestic disasters, but there have been very few manuals developed to guide relief organizations on best practices during international large and complex natural disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Haiti has experienced over its history several …

Factors And Outcomes Associated With Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use In Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Marcia Y. Shade

Theses & Dissertations

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) use in older adults is a significant public health concern. The use of PIMs to avoid may lead to negative outcomes such as adverse drug events. Prior conceptual analysis of PIMs use and observation of health-related factors in rural adults led to the design of this dissertation study. A sample was recruited from a population of rural community-dwelling older adults to examine the following specific aims: 1) Describe the use of PIMs to avoid, 2) Explore individual demographic characteristics (age, gender, income, education, and rural home location), health experience (comorbidity, number of medications and health providers), …

Essays On Immigration-Related Disparities In Health Behavior And Health Care Utilization, Yang Wang

Theses & Dissertations

The number of immigrants in the United States has recently been increasing significantly. Immigrants may experience some worse health outcomes than natives, due to substantial legal and socioeconomic barriers. Many immigration-related disparities in health behavior and health care utilization still remain unexplored. This dissertation comprises of 3 independent studies examining such disparities across immigration status, including (1) E-cigarette use and acculturation effects; (2) Cancer-related office-based medical provider visits among cancer patients; and (3) Potentially preventable emergency department visits.

Two nationally representative data sources included National Health Interview Survey and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We categorized the respondents into three immigration …

Community And District Empowerment For Scale-Up (Codes): A Complex District-Level Management Intervention To Improve Child Survival In Uganda: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial., Peter Waiswa, Thomas O'Connell, Danstan Bagenda, Pricila Mullachery, Flavia Mpanga, Dorcus K. Henriksson, Anne R. Katahoire, Eric Ssegujja, Anthony K. Mbonye, Stefan S. Peterson

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Innovative and sustainable strategies to strengthen districts and other sub-national health systems and management are urgently required to reduce child mortality. Although highly effective evidence-based and affordable child survival interventions are well-known, at the district level, lack of data, motivation, analytic and planning capacity often impedes prioritization and management weaknesses impede implementation. The Community and District Empowerment for Scale-up (CODES) project is a complex management intervention designed to test whether districts when empowered with data and management tools can prioritize and implement evidence-based child survival interventions equitably.

METHODS: The CODES strategy combines management, diagnostic, and evaluation tools to identify …

Community And District Empowerment For Scale-Up (Codes): A Complex District-Level Management Intervention To Improve Child Survival In Uganda: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial., Peter Waiswa, Thomas O'Connell, Danstan Bagenda, Pricila Mullachery, Flavia Mpanga, Dorcus Kiwanuka Henriksson, Anne Ruhweza Katahoire, Eric Ssegujja, Anthony K. Mbonye, Stefan Swartling Peterson

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Innovative and sustainable strategies to strengthen districts and other sub-national health systems and management are urgently required to reduce child mortality. Although highly effective evidence-based and affordable child survival interventions are well-known, at the district level, lack of data, motivation, analytic and planning capacity often impedes prioritization and management weaknesses impede implementation. The Community and District Empowerment for Scale-up (CODES) project is a complex management intervention designed to test whether districts when empowered with data and management tools can prioritize and implement evidence-based child survival interventions equitably.

METHODS: The CODES strategy combines management, diagnostic, and evaluation tools to identify …

Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Predict Sustained Quality Of Life Deficits In Hiv-Positive Ugandan Adults Despite Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study., Amara E. Ezeamama, Makhabele N. Woolfork, David Guwatudde, Danstan Bagenda, Yukari C. Manabe, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Mary C. Smith Fawzi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The impact of psychosocial status at onset of antiretroviral therapy on changes in quality of life (QOL) and subjectively rated health (SRH) among adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluate the association between stigma, anxiety, depression, and social support and change in QOL and SRH in HIV-infected Ugandan adults during an 18-month period.Psychosocial indicators were assessed at enrollment using structured questionnaires. QOL and SRH measures were assessed at months 0, 6, 12, and 18 using the Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV. Linear mixed models determined risk estimated differences in QOL and SRH in …

Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms Predict Sustained Quality Of Life Deficits In Hiv-Positive Ugandan Adults Despite Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study., Amara E. Ezeamama, Makhabele N. Woolfork, David Guwatudde, Danstan Bagenda, Yukari C. Manabe, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Mary C. Smith Fawzi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The impact of psychosocial status at onset of antiretroviral therapy on changes in quality of life (QOL) and subjectively rated health (SRH) among adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluate the association between stigma, anxiety, depression, and social support and change in QOL and SRH in HIV-infected Ugandan adults during an 18-month period.Psychosocial indicators were assessed at enrollment using structured questionnaires. QOL and SRH measures were assessed at months 0, 6, 12, and 18 using the Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV. Linear mixed models determined risk estimated differences in QOL and SRH in …

Medicaid Expansion In Indiana, Jim P. Stimpson, Fernando A. Wilson, Anh T. Nguyen, Kelly Shaw-Sutherland

Reports: Center for Health Policy

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Private Payer Reimbursements To Primary Care Providers For Healthcare Services Using Telehealth, United States 2009–2013, Fernando A. Wilson, Kate Elizabeth Trout, Sankeerth Rampa, Jim P. Stimpson

Reports: Center for Health Policy

• Half of telehealth-related state policies were implemented in the last five years.
• Although many states permit reimbursements for telehealth services, only seven states have passed statutes mandating parity with reimbursements for non-telehealth services.
• Despite an increasing number of telehealth policies, claims for telehealth services to private insurers are rare.
• Lower average reimbursements for telehealth billings may discourage adoption of telehealth technologies.
• Surveillance of claims data will help identify whether telehealth policies are having their intended impact on the healthcare system.

Factors Underlying Ebola Virus Infection Among Health Workers, Kenema, Sierra Leone, 2014-2015, Mikiko Senga, Kimberly Pringle, Andrew Ramsay, David Brett-Major, Robert A. Fowler, Issa French, Mohamed Vandi, Josephine Sellu, Christian Pratt, Josephine Saidu, Nahoko Shindo, Daniel G. Bausch, Sierra Leone Kenema District Task Force And Kenema Government Hospital

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Ebola virus disease (EVD) in health workers (HWs) has been a major challenge during the 2014-2015 outbreak. We examined factors associated with Ebola virus exposure and mortality in HWs in Kenema District, Sierra Leone.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Sierra Leone National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Database, contact tracing records, Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) staff and Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) rosters, and burial logs.

RESULTS: From May 2014 through January 2015, 600 cases of EVD originated in Kenema District, including 92 (15%) HWs, 66 (72%) of whom worked at KGH. Among KGH medical staff and international volunteers, 18 of …

West African Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes Harbor A Taxonomically Diverse Virome Including New Insect-Specific Flaviviruses, Mononegaviruses, And Totiviruses, Joseph R. Fauver, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Benjamin J. Krajacich, James Weger-Lucarelli, Steven M. Lakin, Lawrence S. Fakoli, Fatorma K. Bolay, Joseph W. Diclaro, Kounbobr Roch Dabiré, Brian D. Foy, Doug E. Brackney, Gregory D. Ebel, Mark D. Stenglein

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Anopheles gambiae are a major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Viruses that naturally infect these mosquitoes may impact their physiology and ability to transmit pathogens. We therefore used metagenomics sequencing to search for viruses in adult Anopheles mosquitoes collected from Liberia, Senegal, and Burkina Faso. We identified a number of virus and virus-like sequences from mosquito midgut contents, including 14 coding-complete genome segments and 26 partial sequences. The coding-complete sequences define new viruses in the order Mononegavirales, and the families Flaviviridae, and Totiviridae. The identification of a flavivirus infecting Anopheles mosquitoes broadens our understanding of the evolution and host …

Ebola Virus Disease And Critical Illness, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, William A. Fischer, Timothy M. Uyeki, Thomas E. Fletcher, Neill K.J. Adhikari, Gina Portella, Francois Lamontagne, Christophe Clement, Shevin T. Jacob, Lewis Rubinson, Abel Vanderschuren, Jan Hajek, Srinivas Murthy, Mauricio Ferri, Ian Crozier, Elhadj Ibrahima, Marie-Claire Lamah, John S. Schieffelin, David Brett-Major, Daniel G. Bausch, Nikki Shindo, Adrienne K. Chan, Tim O'Dempsey, Sharmistha Mishra, Michael Jacobs, Stuart Dickson, G. Marshall Lyon, Robert A. Fowler

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

As of 20 May 2016 there have been 28,646 cases and 11,323 deaths resulting from the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak reported to the World Health Organization. There continue to be sporadic flare-ups of EVD cases in West Africa.EVD presentation is nonspecific and characterized initially by onset of fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, and fever; this is followed several days later by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Anorexia and gastrointestinal losses lead to dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and metabolic acidosis, and, in some patients, acute kidney injury. Hypoxia and ventilation failure occurs most often with severe illness and …

Costs And Consequences: Hepatitis C Seroprevalence In The Military And Its Impact On Potential Screening Strategies, David Brett-Major, Kevin D. Frick, Jennifer A. Malia, Shilpa Hakre, Jason F. Okulicz, Charmagne G. Beckett, Linda L. Jagodinski, Michael A. Forgione, Philip L. Gould, Stephen A. Harrison, Clinton K. Murray, Francisco J. Rentas, Adam W. Armstrong, Aatif M. Hayat, Laura A. Pacha, Peter Dawson, Angelia A. Eick-Cost, Hala H Maktabi, Nelson L. Michael, Steven B. Cersovsky, Sheila A. Peel, Paul T. Scott

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

UNLABELLED: Knowledge of the contemporary epidemiology of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection among military personnel can inform potential Department of Defense screening policy. HCV infection status at the time of accession and following deployment was determined by evaluating reposed serum from 10,000 service members recently deployed to combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in the period 2007-2010. A cost model was developed from the perspective of the Department of Defense for a military applicant screening program. Return on investment was based on comparison between screening program costs and potential treatment costs avoided. The prevalence of HCV antibody-positive and chronic HCV …

Social Disparities In Exposure To Point-Of-Sale Cigarette Marketing, Mohammad Siahpush, Evi A. Farazi, Jungyoon Kim, Tzeyu L. Michaud, Aaron Yoder, Ghada Soliman, Melissa Tibbits, Minh N. Nguyen, Raees A. Shaikh

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

While most ecological studies have shown that higher levels of point-of-sale (POS) cigarette marketing are associated with larger proportions of residents from lower socioeconomic and minority backgrounds in neighborhoods, there are no studies that examine individual-level social disparities in exposure to POS cigarette marketing among smokers in the United States. Our aim was to examine these disparities in a Midwestern metropolitan area in the United States. We conducted a telephone survey to collect data on 999 smokers. Cigarette marketing was measured by asking respondents three questions about noticing advertisements, promotions, and displays of cigarettes within their respective neighborhoods. The questions …

Clinical Profile And Containment Of The Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak In Two Large West African Cities, Nigeria, July-September 2014, Chima Ohuabunwo, Celestine Ameh, Oyin Oduyebo, Anthony Ahumibe, Bamidele Mutiu, Adebola Olayinka, Wasiu Gbadamosi, Erika Garcia, Carolina Nanclares, Wale Famiyesin, Abdulaziz Mohammed, Patrick Nguku, Richard I. Koko, Joshua Obasanya, Durojaye Adebayo, Yemi Gbadegesin, Oni Idigbe, Olukayode Oguntimehin, Sara Nyanti, Charles Nzuki, Ismail Abdus-Salam, Joseph Adeyemi, Nnanna Onyekwere, Emmanuel Musa, David Brett-Major, Faisal Shuaib, Abdulsalami Nasidi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

INTRODUCTION: The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Nigeria began when an infected diplomat from Liberia arrived in Lagos, the most populous city in Africa, with subsequent transmission to another large city.

METHODS: First-, second-, and third-generation contacts were traced, monitored, and classified. Symptomatic contacts were managed at Ebola treatment centers as suspected, probable, and confirmed EVD cases using standard operating procedures adapted from the World Health Organization EVD guidelines. Reverse transcription PCR tests confirmed EVD. Socio-demographic, clinical, hospitalization, and outcome data of the July-September 2014 Nigeria EVD cohort were analyzed.

RESULTS: The median age of the 20 EVD cases …

Emerging Technologies To Measure Neighborhood Conditions In Public Health: Implications For Interventions And Next Steps, M. Schootman, E. J. Nelson, K. Werner, E. Shacham, M. Elliott, Kendra Ratnapradipa, M. Lian, A. Mcvay

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Adverse neighborhood conditions play an important role beyond individual characteristics. There is increasing interest in identifying specific characteristics of the social and built environments adversely affecting health outcomes. Most research has assessed aspects of such exposures via self-reported instruments or census data. Potential threats in the local environment may be subject to short-term changes that can only be measured with more nimble technology. The advent of new technologies may offer new opportunities to obtain geospatial data about neighborhoods that may circumvent the limitations of traditional data sources. This overview describes the utility, validity and reliability of selected emerging technologies to …

Maporal Hantavirus Causes Mild Pathology In Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Amanda Mcguire, Kaitlyn Miedema, Joseph R. Fauver, Amber Rico, Tawfik Aboellail, Sandra L. Quackenbush, Ann Hawkinson, Tony Schountz

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Rodent-borne hantaviruses can cause two human diseases with many pathological similarities: hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the western hemisphere and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the eastern hemisphere. Each virus is hosted by specific reservoir species without conspicuous disease. HCPS-causing hantaviruses require animal biosafety level-4 (ABSL-4) containment, which substantially limits experimental research of interactions between the viruses and their reservoir hosts. Maporal virus (MAPV) is a South American hantavirus not known to cause disease in humans, thus it can be manipulated under ABSL-3 conditions. The aim of this study was to develop an ABSL-3 hantavirus infection model using the …

Early Identification And Prevention Of The Spread Of Ebola - United States, Chris A. Van Beneden, Harald Pietz, Robert D. Kirkcaldy, Lisa M. Koonin, Timothy M. Uyeki, Alexandra M. Oster, Deborah A. Levy, Maleeka Glover, Matthew J. Arduino, Toby L. Merlin, David T. Kuhar, Christine Kosmos, Beth P. Bell

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In response to the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, CDC prepared for the potential introduction of Ebola into the United States. The immediate goals were to rapidly identify and isolate any cases of Ebola, prevent transmission, and promote timely treatment of affected patients. CDC's technical expertise and the collaboration of multiple partners in state, local, and municipal public health departments; health care facilities; emergency medical services; and U.S. government agencies were essential to the domestic preparedness and response to the Ebola epidemic and relied on longstanding partnerships. CDC established a comprehensive response that included two new …

Vector Competence Of American Mosquitoes For Three Strains Of Zika Virus, James Weger-Lucarelli, Claudia Rückert, Nunya Chotiwan, Chilinh Nguyen, Selene M. Garcia Luna, Joseph R. Fauver, Brian D. Foy, Rushika Perera, William C. Black, Rebekah C. Kading, Gregory D. Ebel

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus) emerged in the Americas, causing millions of infections in dozens of countries. The rapid spread of the virus and the association with disease outcomes such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly make understanding transmission dynamics essential. Currently, there are no reports of vector competence (VC) of American mosquitoes for ZIKV isolates from the Americas. Further, it is not clear whether ZIKV strains from other genetic lineages can be transmitted by American Aedes aegypti populations, and whether the scope of the current epidemic is in part facilitated by viral factors such as enhanced replicative fitness …

Plasmodium Falciparum Infection Status Among Children With Schistosoma In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Abraham Degarege, Dawit Degarege, Emir Veledar, Berhanu Erko, Mathieu Nacher, Consuelo M. Beck-Sague, Purnima Madhivanan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that Schistosoma infection may be associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection or related reduction in haemoglobin level, but the nature of this interaction remains unclear. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the relationship of S. haematobium or S. mansoni infection with the occurrence of P. falciparum malaria, Plasmodium density and related reduction in haemoglobin level among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A systematic review in according with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. All published articles available in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and CINAHL databases before May 20, 2015 were searched without any limits. Two reviewers …

Plasmodium Falciparum And Soil-Transmitted Helminth Co-Infections Among Children In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Abraham Degarege, Emir Veledar, Dawit Degarege, Berhanu Erko, Mathieu Nacher, Purnima Madhivanan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and Plasmodium co-infections need better understanding. The findings of the individual studies are inconclusive. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize evidence on the association of STH infection with the prevalence and density of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and its effect on anaemia among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

METHODS: Relevant studies published before March 6, 2015 were identified by searching Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL without any language restriction. Studies on P. falciparum and STH co-infection among children in SSA except for case studies were included in this study. Studies …

Assessment Of Clarias Gariepinus As A Biological Control Agent Against Mosquito Larvae, Buze Chala, Berhanu Erko, Abebe Animut, Abraham Degarege, Beyene Petros

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of insecticide resistant mosquitoes renewed interest in investigating the use of larvivorous fish as a biological control agent. The potential of Clarias gariepinus fish in controlling Anopheles arabiensis and culicine larvae was assessed under laboratory and semi-field conditions.

RESULTS: Small size (15-20 cm) C. gariepinus fish consumed greater number of mosquito larvae than the large size fish (25-40 cm) in the multivariate regression model (β = 13.36, 95 % CI = 4.57, 22.15). The Anopheles larvae consumed was greater in number than the culicines larvae consumed by the fish (β = 12.10, 95 % CI …

Effect Of Anthelminthic Treatment On Helminth Infection And Related Anaemia Among School-Age Children In Northwestern Ethiopia, Yonas Yimam, Abraham Degarege, Berhanu Erko

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Information about improvements in the health status of population at-risk of helminth infection after anthelminthic treatment helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the large scale deworming program. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of anthelminthic treatment on the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminth infection, haemoglobin level and prevalence of anaemia among school-age children.

METHODS: A total of 403 children attending Tikur Wuha Elementary School in Jiga, northwestern Ethiopia were enrolled in this study between February and March 2011. Formol-ether concentration and Kato-Katz methods were used to examine stool for intestinal helminth infections at baseline …

Epidemiology Of Plasmodium And Helminth Coinfection And Possible Reasons For Heterogeneity, Abraham Degarege, Berhanu Erko

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Understanding the impact of helminth infections on clinical malaria is useful for designing effective malaria control strategies. Plenty of epidemiological studies have been conducted to unravel the nature of interactions between Plasmodium and helminth infection. Careful broad summarization of the existing literature suggests that Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections may increase the risk of clinical malaria and associated morbidities, but Trichuris trichiura infection is not associated with the occurrence of clinical malaria and related outcomes. However, findings about effect of Ascaris lumbricoides and Schistosoma haematobium infection on clinical malaria are contradictory. Furthermore, the nature of relationship of helminth infection with …