Public Health Commons^™

Strategi Stp Dan 4p Pada Marketing Produk Layanan Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit Sultan Imanuddin Pangkalan Bun Di Era Pandemi Covid-19, Noormaya Sari

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a wide impact on the marketing of hospital product and services. The purpose of this study is to analyze about outpatient services at Sultan Imanuddin Pangkalan Bun Hospital (RSSI) and determine what marketing strategies are suitable in marketing hospital service products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : This study is a mixed method, descriptive research which combined with a qualitative approach. Results : based on the STP strategy, RSSI used demographic, geographic, biographic and behavioral segmentation. Targeting is done based on area and insurance membership. RSSI is positioned as General Hospital, despite handling Covid patients, …

The Estimation Of Excess Mortality During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Jakarta, Indonesia, Madona Yunita Wijaya

Kesmas

Indonesia is among the countries affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and DKI Jakarta Province recorded the highest number of deaths. This study aimed to analyze the excess mortality across five administrative cities in Jakarta stratified by gender to assess the pandemic impact on mortality. The monthly mortality data from January 2018 to December 2020 was obtained through government sources. This data helped to measure excess mortality by estimating the baseline mortality had the COVID-19 pandemic not occurred. The analysis used a linear mixed model because of its ease and flexibility in forecasting subject-specific mortality. The results showed …

The Determinants Of Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance In Sumatra, Cindy Sidarta, Andree Kurniawan, Nata P H Lugito, Jeremia Imanuel Siregar, Veli Sungono, Rivaldo Steven Heriyanto, Novia Lauren Sieto, Devina Adella Halim, Claudia Jodhinata, Saraswati Anindita Rizki, Terry Devita Sinaga, Chintya Marcella, Felix Wijovi, Billy Susanto, Elizabeth Marcella, Johan Wibowo, Jonathan Juniard Anurantha, Michelle Imanuelly, Michele Indrawan, Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi

Kesmas

In light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs being implemented worldwide, this study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance survey in Indonesia conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), published in November 2020. It was found that Sumatra Island having lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates, with Aceh Province displaying the lowest level of vaccine acceptance. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted, and a logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting …

Increased Thyroid Hormone Levels In Pesticide Sprayer At Agricultural Area, Aditya Pawitra, Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah, Mohd Talib Latif, Beni Hari Susanto, Muhammad F D Lusno

Kesmas

Pesticides used massively in the agricultural sector would cause many poisoning and serious health problems. Organophosphate pesticides have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This study aimed to compare thyroid hormone levels between the sprayers chronically exposed to pesticides and the control respondents who had never been exposed to pesticides. This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The total number of respondents was 150, 50 as sprayers and 100 as control respondents. The venous blood samples were examined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The findings significantly showed that the sprayer had a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone …

Analisa Keterlambatan Proses Pelayanan Unit Laundry Di Rumah Sakit Balimed Karangasem, I Putu Wirama

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Laundry units in hospitals have an essential role in breaking the transmission chain of infection to staff and patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the observation of the management team, the laundry service at BaliMed Karangasem Hospital needs to be revised. It can be seen from the timely provision of linen and incidents of lost linen, even though interventions have been carried out. Management has yet to realize the process in the laundry unit that depends on the machine, so the machine maintenance process has not been carried out correctly and on schedule. In addition, evaluating service processes has …

The Impact Of Physical Distancing Health Policy In Reducing Covid-19 Incidence In The World In 2020: Literature Review Study, Nunik Nurbaiti, Dumilah Ayuningtyas

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

To reduce and slow the spread of COVID-19, many countries in the world have adopted physical distancing health policy, which have never happened before. This study aims to get an overview of the impact of physical distancing health policy to reduce of COVID-19 incidence in the world at 2020. The research design used was a descriptive qualitative with a narrative literature review method, while the research source came from international journal channels Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus with search data for the past five years. The approach used is the input, process, and output (IPO). From the …

Role Of Accreditation To The Performance Of Non Communicable Diseases (Ncd’S) Control Program And Control In Accredited And Non Accredited Primary Health Care In Cimahi District, Nurkarti Azni, Ede Surya Darmawan

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The Non-Communicable Disease (NCD’s) Prevention and Control Program is one of the essential Community Health Efforts implemented by the Puskesmas. Puskesmas accreditation is a form of program to maintain the quality and form of standardization to Puskesmas services in order to provide quality services. This research uses qualitative method, conducted in April-May 2018, aim to see improvement of performance at puskesmas especially at NCD’s Prevention and Control Program. Result of research, in general Output of program of implementation of NCD’s at Puskesmas accredited better than Puskesmas not yet accredited. Community-based partnership and funding activities have not been implemented, Iva test …

Supervision Of Traditional Medicines Containing Undeclared Substance: Analysis Of Indonesian Fda Monitoring Data For 2012 - 2021, Widha Dianasari, Mardiati Nadjib

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Background: At a time when people believe in the efficacy and minimal risk of traditional medicines, government agencies that oversee traditional medicines often find chemicals that are intentionally added to traditional medicines. The purpose of this study is to present the findings of Undeclared Substance that have been added to traditional medicines for ten years, to analyze their relevance to the real situation related to diseases or health problems in Indonesia, and to examine the violations of related policies. Methods: This study used an observational design based on quantitative and qualitative data and analyzed descriptively. Quantitative data based on Traditional …

Policy On The Use Of Social Media In Hospitals In Building Communication During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Literature Review, Rita Kumalasari, Wahyu Sulistiadi

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Social media is necessary for almost everyone, including in health services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media was widely used to build hospital communications. However, the benefits come with risks, as communication spreads so quickly. A proper policy is needed. This study aims to determine the benefits of social media in building communication in hospitals and the policies that govern it. The method used is a literature study. A literature search, through Science Direct, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and other databases (Google scholar, NIH/NLM, JMIH), with the keywords "social media" AND "communication" AND “policy” AND "hospital" AND "COVID-19 Pandemic", obtained 520 …

Social Distancing Policy As A Means Of Improving Public Awareness During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review, Ulfa Oktaviani, Helen Andriani

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

To reduce COVID-19 transmission during the epidemic, most countries implemented a social distancing policy. However, without the people's compliance, this implementation will be useless. The combination of individual and environmental variables is critical to the success of initiating and maintaining health behaviors. The purpose of this study is to assess public participation toward obedience social distancing policy as a means of improving public awareness during COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review was used in this research. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, with a cut-off date of 29 June 2021, were used to do an electronic search with no language constraints. There …

Association Between Cigarette Smoking And Breast Milk Levels Of Nesfatin-1, Irisin, And Oxidative Stress Markers, Nesibe Yildiz, Adnan Yilmaz, Hatice Iskender, Eda Dokumacioglu

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Breast milk is a very important functional food in the prevention of metabolic and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the concentrations of nesfatin-1, irisin, and oxidative stress markers in breast milk.

Methods: This study included two groups of 14 smoking and 14 nonsmoking mothers. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured according to the spectrophotometric method in breast milk samples. Nesfatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Levels of nesfatin-1 and MDA of the smoking group were significantly higher than …

Quality Of Life Of Pharmacy Students With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In South India: A Cross-Sectional Study, Vinodkumar Mugada, Krishna Priya Mandarapu

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: One in five women in India suffers from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the quality of life of pharmacy students suffering from PCOS and provide awareness through counseling.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 students with PCOS for 6 months. The Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Quality of Life (PCOSQ) questionnaire was used to determine the quality of life.

Results: The prevalence of PCOS in our study was 39.5%. The mean age of the students was 21.1 (±1.8) years. The mean duration of the disorder was 17.8 (±13.0) months. More …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Saudi Citizens On Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Region Survey, Maha Sanat Alreshidi, Nojoud Abdullah Daaya Alreshidi, Ebaa Felemban, Ferdinand Gonzales

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Although policies and guidelines may not always be optimal in all settings, a tailor-fitted guideline is appropriate. This study aims to determine the differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Saudi citizens toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A quantitative-comparative-correlational approach was carried out from March 21 to May 22, 2020. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-test were used to determine the differences in knowledge and demographic characteristics. Linear regression was used to determine relationships among KAP.

Results: The participants’ knowledge yielded 82.83%, positive attitudes (M = 2.10; SD = 1.15) and good …

Perceived Preparedness Of Healthcare Workers To Cope With Covid-19 Pandemic In Hail Region Hospitals, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Farhan Alshammari, Evalynn Rondilla, Abdalkarem Asharari, Fahad Alshammari

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: All hospitals must have emergency plans because they play a crucial role in providing critical care. This study assesses the perceived hospital preparedness of healthcare workforces to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic regarding their demographic characteristics.

Methods: This study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional design to investigate the preparedness of hospital and healthcare workers in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia. A convenience and snowball sampling method was used. A total of 330 healthcare workers participated in the study, which utilized a Google Form survey and was adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Descriptive …

Depression And Behavioral Changes Associated With Social Media Dependency During Covid-19 Pandemic Among University Students In Bangladesh: A Cross- Sectional Study, Sushmita Karmokar, Md. Ashraful Islam, Mohammad Hamid Al Muktadir, Rakibul Hasan, Abu Montakim Tareq, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Talha Bin Emran

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: With its rapid spread, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a detrimental effect on students’ psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes due to indefinite educational leaves, lockdowns, restricted outdoor activities, and excess use of social media. This study aims to assess the relationship of social media exposure with the psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes of Bangladeshi university students.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 530 students from June 17 to July 10, 2020, to evaluate psychological well-being, depression, behavioral changes, and social media exposure via self-reported measures.

Results: The prevalence of …

Parental Differences In Knowledge, Perception, And Safety Behaviors Regarding Home Injuries In An Urban Malaysian District, Munirah Mohd Basar, Mohd Fairuz Ali, Aznida Abdul Aziz

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Parents play an essential role in the prevention of home-related injuries among children. Traditionally, mothers provided direct overall care, whereas evidence on fathers' roles in children’s injuries is limited. This study assesses the differences between parents of children attending kindergarten regarding their knowledge and perception of home injuries and safety behaviors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018 in 10 private kindergartens in the Selangor district in Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic data, knowledge of home injuries, perceptions toward home injuries, and safety behaviors at home were distributed. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were …

Trends And Determinants Of Family Planning Utilization Among Men In Indonesia, Haerawati Idris, Willyana Syafriyanti

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Population growth rate in the world is still increasing. To control population growth, governments issue family planning programs for married women and men. However, contraception use is still dominated by women. This study aims to analyze the trends and determinants of family planning utilization among men in Indonesia.

Methods: This study is quantitative in nature with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (2007–2017). The sample comprised married men with a total of 27,859 respondents. For the final analysis, we conducted logistic regression statistical tests to determine family planning utilization among men. …

Hubungan Faktor Pejamu Dan Lingkungan Dengan Pneumonia Balita Di 5 Provinsi Di Pulau Sulawesi, Alfi Lailiyah, Nuning Maria Kiptiyah

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit menular yang menginfeksi paru-paru. Period prevalence pneumonia balita di 5 provinsi di Sulawesi lebih tinggi dibanding angka nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia balita di 5 Provinsi di Pulau Sulawesi. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2012. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan uji chi-square dan hasil ukur prevalence ratio (PR). Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah faktor pejamu (umur balita, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pemberian vitamin A, status imunisasi campak dan DPT) dan faktor lingkungan (pendidikan ibu, tempat tinggal, bahan bakar memasak, keberadaan …

Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas 1-3 Sekolah Dasar, Muhammad Hidayat Sahid, Asri Adisasmita Prof, Ratna Djuwita

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Status gizi merupakan ukuran keberhasilan dalam pemenuhan nutrisi anak yang diukur berdasarkan berat badan dan tinggi badan anak. Data status gizi pada anak usia umur 5-12 tahun di DKI Jakarta menunjukkan underweight 14,0%, stunting 22,7%, wasting 9,9%, dan overweight 6,8%. Data secara spesifik untuk wilayah Jakarta Selatan adalah underweight 7,4%, stunting 17,8%, wasting 6,3%, dan overweight 7,3%. Dari data tersebut didapatkan gambaran mengenai permasalahan gizi yang terjadi di DKI Jakarta. Permasalahan gizi memiliki dampak pada tumbuh kembang anak. Gizi merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap prestasi akademik siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi …

Gambaran Epidemiologi Hepatitis A Berdasarkan Data Kejadian Luar Biasa Dan Data Kasus Di Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2019, Nurjannah Nurjannah, Asri Adisasmita Prof

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kejadian luar biasa (KLB) Hepatitis A Kabupaten Bogor terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2018 terdapat 29 kasusdan pada tahun 2019 meningkat hingga 495 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan epidemiologi berdasarkan orang, tempat, waktu. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar upaya intevensi yang lebih optimaldan tepat sasaran. Data penelitian diambil dari laporan KLB dandari data kasus Hepatitis A di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor dari Januari-Desember 2019 dan didokumentasikan ke dalam tabel observasi, pengambilan data dilakukan pada Bulan Februari2020 dengan desain penelitian case series. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 495 kasus yang mengalami gejala klinis,11,3% terkonfimasi positif, sebagian …

The Health Status Of Labor Force In East Kalimantan Province: Effect Of Individual Characteristics And Household Conditions, Jaka Eben Heizer

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The aims of this research are first, to explore the factors that are associated with health status. Second, to address the individual characteristics and household conditions that affect the health status of labor force, taking into account the urban-rural differences. This research utilized data from SUSENAS Cor 2018, and employed a cross sectional - multinomial logistic regression analysis method. The dependent variable is the health conditions of the labor force. The findings show that, age and number of household members were significant for both sick and very sick health status in all two type of areas analyzed. In urban and …

Pengaruh Pembatasan Sosial Dan Variabel Ekonomi Terhadap Prevalensi Pandemi Covid-19 Di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jordi Aperdanaste, Alfiah Hasanah, Adiatma Y. M. Siregar

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

There are numerous factors that might affect social restrictions regulation on the reduction of the number of Covid-19 cases in 27 cities and districts in West Java Province. This study aims to identify the effect of social restrictions and economic variables on Covid-19 pandemic in West Java Province. The investigation uses several data sourced from the Covid-19 Information & Coordination Center of West Java Province, and the Central Bureau of Statistics in West Java Province. The dependent variable in this study is the average increase in daily Covid-19 cases. Meanwhile, the independent variable in this study are dummy of social …

Physicians’ Behavior In Referring National Health Insurance Patients To Hospital, Natalia Natalia

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Physicians’ decision to refer patients in primary health care is vital in supporting the referral system. The increase of referral cases impacted the claims cost and hospital workload. This study aimed to analyze the physicians’ behavior in referring National Health Insurance (NHI) patients to hospitals. This study employed a qualitative method; 18 informants were selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using content analysis. The data were validated by triangulating method, source, and data. Physicians referred patients when the cases could not be handled; there were indications of severe disease and required further examination. The obstacles in the referral system were …

Kajian Sistematis: Perkembangan Sistem Pembayaran Kapitasi Berbasis Penyesuaian Risiko Di Berbagai Negara, Aulia Agustina, Budi Hidayat

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Capitation is a payment method to primary health care providers. The application of capitation without considering risk adjustment could have a negative impact. There are several models of risk adjustment capitation payments. This study aims to review the development of the capitation payment system with risk adjustment for primary care in several countries. This study used the PRISMA method and got the articles from three online databases, namely Pubmed, EBSCOhost Medline, and Scopus. A total of 212 articles were collected, and 7 articles meet the criteria for further review. The review focuses on the risk-adjusted capitation payment system model. The …

Estimasi Biaya Dan Evaluasi Program Intervensi Pemberian Pangan Olahan Untuk Keperluan Medis Khusus (Pkmk) Untuk Perbaikan Status Gizi Di Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, Hanifah Hasnur, Febyolla Presilawati

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The Government of Banyumas has implemented an intervention in the Provision of Processed Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) with nutritional supplementation of 1.5 kcal/mL in 2019. However, there is no evaluation has been carried out, both of outcome and the cost of the intervention. So that, it is necessary to provide an initial picture of the resources needed for the formulation of future intervention plans. This study aims to determine the estimated cost required for FSMP intervention and to determine the outcome of the intervention. The economic evaluation was carried out partially by calculating costs from the perspective of …

Evaluasi Capaian Peta Jalan Jkn Di Provinsi Bengkulu Studi Kasus Sectio Caesarea Tahun 2014 Sampai 2019, Susilo Wulan

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

Bengkulu is one of the provinces in Indonesia where SC rate has increased significantly over the last five years after the implementation of JKN. Previous studies into SC trend in Indonesia indicate that both overutilization and underutilization of SC exist reflected inequality. SC is a public health concern since it absorbs a huge amount of JKN funds and is indicated to contribute to the BPJS deficit. This study evaluates the achievement of the SC case equity target in Bengkulu Province based on the 2014- 2019 JKN roadmap. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, analyzing secondary data from the BPJS routine data …

Analisis Efisiensi Relatif Di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Tahun 2019, Pantri Widyastuti, Atik Nurwahyuni

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The challenge of drug and food supervision requires the BPOM Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) to work optimally in the midst of limited resources. The analysis of the relative efficiency of the BPOM Technical Implementation Unit in 2019 was carried out with the aim of improving BPOM's planning, budgeting, and strategic policies in an effort to improve performance at each UPT. Calculation of relative efficiency using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method. This study uses a mixed method with a cross sectional research design. The research sample was 31 UPT BPOM that met the requirements as DMU (Decision Making Unit), 10 …

Hubungan Antara Riwayat Kunjungan Antenatal Care (Anc) Dengan Kejadian Lahir Mati Di Indonesia, Lila Kesuma Hairani, Asri Adisasmita Prof

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 65% dari total kelahiran mati diseluruh dunia disumbang oleh sepuluh negara dengan jumlah kelahiran mati terbanyak. Indonesia menempati posisi ke-8 dengan total sebanyak 73.400 kejadian dengan angka lahir mati (stillbirth rate/SBR) sebesar 13 per 1.000 kelahiran. Rendahnya cakupan layanan antenatal diduga berhubungan secara kuatdengan rendahnya lahir mati antepartum. Studi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat hubungan riwayat kunjungan antenatal (antenatal care/ANC) dengan kejadian lahir mati diIndonesia menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari IFLS 5 tahun 2014. Desain penelitian ini berupa studi potonglintang dengan total sampel yang digunakan adalah sebesar 6.314 kelahiran. Analisis data dilakukan hingga tingkat …

Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Mortalitas Pasien Covid-19 Di Tangerang Selatan, Choirunnisa Choirunnisa, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2). Usia tua (>65 tahun), jenis kelamin laki-laki, hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes, PPOK dan kanker dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat Covid-19. Kota Tangerang Selatan berpotensi mengalami kenaikan kasus Covid-19 karena berbatasan langsung dengan DKI Jakarta yang merupakan episentrum persebaran Covid-19, sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi analitik kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder dari penelusuran epidemiologi (PE) Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang Selatan bulan Maret 2020-Juli 2021. Data PE diperoleh dari portal New All Record (NAR) yang memuat data pasien Covid-19 termasuk …

Analisa Faktor Psikosial Terhadap Gejala Distress Pada Karyawan Perusahaan Geothermal Pt. X, Khairul Fajarudin, Dadan Erwandi

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

This research investigates and compares various psychosocial factors and social environment factors that can influence to one or several distress symptoms to workers in the geothermal company PT. X. This research is semi-quantitative research with a descriptive design. The research found 10 out of 11 dominant indicators of psychosocial factors perceived by half or more of the respondents, with 5 dominant stress symptoms are headache and dizziness, MSDs, angry, sleep difficulties, and change in appetite. The research suggests the company review the workload and current work capacity, improve work process management, improve communication by the foreign workers, and create a …