Public Health Commons^™

Worldwide Policy, Surveillance, And Research On Physical Education And School-Based Physical Activity: The Global Observatory For Physical Education (Gope!) Conceptual Framework And Research Protocol, João Martins, Andrea Ramirez Varela, João Costa, Marcos Onofre, Dean Dudley, Rafael Cristão, Michael Pratt, Pedro C Hallal, Rafael Tassitano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) builds on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) to address gaps in surveillance, policy, and research on physical education (PE) and activity (PA). GoPE! is a worldwide surveillance system of quality PE and school-based PA that informs policy and interventions and allows comparative analysis so that each country and region can check their status and progress. This paper presents GoPE!'s conceptual framework and describes the research protocol as a cross-continental and evidence-based surveillance system.

Methods: Based on GoPA!'s framework and informed by the European Physical Education Observatory, as well as framed …

Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis Provides Insights Into The Etiology Of Heart Failure And Its Subtypes, Albert Henry, Xiaodong Mo, Chris Finan, Mark D Chaffin, Doug Speed, Hanane Issa, Spiros Denaxas, James S Ware, Sean L Zheng, Anders Malarstig, Jasmine Gratton, Isabelle Bond, Carolina Roselli, David Miller, Sandesh Chopade, A Floriaan Schmidt, Erik Abner, Lance Adams, Charlotte Andersson, Krishna G Aragam, Johan Ärnlöv, Geraldine Asselin, Anna Axelsson Raja, Joshua D Backman, Traci M Bartz, Kiran J Biddinger, Mary L Biggs, Heather L Bloom, Eric Boersma, Jeffrey Brandimarto, Michael R Brown, Søren Brunak, Mie Topholm Bruun, Leonard Buckbinder, Henning Bundgaard, David J Carey, Daniel I Chasman, Xing Chen, James P Cook, Tomasz Czuba, Simon De Denus, Abbas Dehghan, Graciela E Delgado, Alexander S Doney, Marcus Dörr, Joseph Dowsett, Samuel C Dudley, Gunnar Engström, Christian Erikstrup, Tõnu Esko, Eric H Farber-Eger, Stephan B Felix, Sarah Finer, Ian Ford, Mohsen Ghanbari, Sahar Ghasemi, Jonas Ghouse, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Franco Giulianini, John S Gottdiener, Stefan Gross, Daníel F Guðbjartsson, Hongsheng Gui, Rebecca Gutmann, Sara Hägg, Christopher M Haggerty, Åsa K Hedman, Anna Helgadottir, Harry Hemingway, Hans Hillege, Craig L Hyde, Bitten Aagaard Jensen, J Wouter Jukema, Isabella Kardys, Ravi Karra, Maryam Kavousi, Jorge R Kizer, Marcus E Kleber, Lars Køber, Andrea Koekemoer, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Yi-Pin Lai, David Lanfear, Claudia Langenberg, Honghuang Lin, Lars Lind, Cecilia M Lindgren, Peter P Liu, Barry London, Brandon D Lowery, Jian'an Luan, Steven A Lubitz, Patrik Magnusson, Kenneth B Margulies, Nicholas A Marston, Hilary Martin, Winfried März, Olle Melander, Ify R Mordi, Michael P Morley, Andrew P Morris, Alanna C Morrison, Lori Morton, Michael W Nagle, Christopher P Nelson, Alexander Niessner, Teemu Niiranen, Raymond Noordam, Christoph Nowak, Michelle L O'Donoghue, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Anjali T Owens, Colin N A Palmer, Guillaume Paré, Ole Birger Pedersen, Markus Perola, Marie Pigeyre, Bruce M Psaty, Kenneth M Rice, Paul M Ridker, Simon P R Romaine, Jerome I Rotter, Christian T Ruff, Marc S Sabatine, Neneh Sallah, Veikko Salomaa, Naveed Sattar, Alaa A Shalaby, Akshay Shekhar, Diane T Smelser, Nicholas L Smith, Erik Sørensen, Sundararajan Srinivasan, Kari Stefansson, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Per Svensson, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Jean-Claude Tardif, Maris Teder-Laving, Alexander Teumer, Guðmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Vinicius Tragante, Stella Trompet, Andre G Uitterlinden, Henrik Ullum, Pim Van Der Harst, David Van Heel, Jessica Van Setten, Marion Van Vugt, Abirami Veluchamy, Monique Verschuuren, Niek Verweij, Christoffer Rasmus Vissing, Uwe Völker, Adriaan A Voors, Lars Wallentin, Yunzhang Wang, Peter E Weeke, Kerri L Wiggins, L Keoki Williams, Yifan Yang, Bing Yu, Faiez Zannad, Chaoqun Zheng, Folkert W Asselbergs, Thomas P Cappola, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Michael E Dunn, Chim C Lang, Nilesh J Samani, Svati Shah, Ramachandran S Vasan, J Gustav Smith, Hilma Holm, Sonia Shah, Patrick T Ellinor, Aroon D Hingorani, Quinn Wells, R Thomas Lumbers

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While distinct clinical subtypes, defined by etiology and left ventricular ejection fraction, are well recognized, their genetic determinants remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study of HF and its subtypes in a sample of 1.9 million individuals. A total of 153,174 individuals had HF, of whom 44,012 had a nonischemic etiology (ni-HF). A subset of patients with ni-HF were stratified based on left ventricular systolic function, where data were available, identifying 5,406 individuals with reduced ejection fraction and 3,841 with preserved ejection fraction. …

Environmental Health Disparities In Pediatric Cancer: A Report From The Fourth Symposium On Childhood Cancer Health Disparities, Thanh T Hoang, Zdenko Herceg, Don W Coulter, Adam De Smith, Manish Arora, William E Funk, David Haynes, Stephen H Linder, Leticia M Nogueira, Amy E Hughes, Lindsay A Williams, Jeremy M Schraw, Michael E Scheurer, Philip J Lupo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The 4th Symposium on Childhood Cancer Health Disparities was held at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas, on September 26, 2023. The symposium registered 94 attendees from different backgrounds (e.g. clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure assessment scientists, geospatial experts) with an interest in environmental health disparities of pediatric cancer susceptibility and treatment outcomes. The focus of the symposium was to provide an overview of the role of environmental risk factors in studies of pediatric cancer, introduce novel exposure assessment tools that can be applied to the field, and highlight opportunities to study the impact of environmental health disparities in pediatric cancer susceptibility …

An Application Of Minimization For Ensuring Balanced Study Arms In A Group-Randomized Covid-19 Educational Intervention Trial, Xu Zhang, Mohammad H Rahbar, Amirali Tahanan, Cici Bauer, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto, Alanna C Morrison, Belinda Reininger, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Our institution carried out a multi-center, group-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of two community-based interventions on promoting the uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination in three regions with high levels of health disparities in Texas. We selected Census Block Groups (CBGs) with high disparity for randomization. In each study region, selected CBGs were randomized into two intervention groups and one control group. An important goal was to ensure balanced distributions of two continuous covariates, the disparity index and population size, across study arms. In this paper, we describe a novel minimization method used to ensure balanced study …

Intraoperative Goal-Directed Haemodynamic Therapy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Stratified By Trial Size, Dominik X Müller, Daniel I Sessler, Bernd Saugel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Individualized Blood Pressure Regulation And Acute Kidney Injury In Older Patients Having Major Abdominal Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Trial, Zhaohua Pang, Shuang Liang, Nannan Zhou, Xiaoyan Zhu, Qulian Guo, Daniel I Sessler, Wangyuan Zou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication, and hypotension may contribute. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that individualized intraoperative blood pressure regulation reduces postoperative AKI in older surgical patients.

Methods: We enrolled patients ≥60 years old scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery with invasive arterial pressure monitoring. All had goal-directed fluid management based on stroke volume variation cardiac output, and administration of a starch. Participants were randomly assigned to: (1) individualized blood pressure management targeting a systolic blood pressure (SBP) within -20% and +10% if baseline SBP was ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was ≥80 …

A Phase I Study Of The Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, And Safety Of Liposomal Bupivacaine For Sciatic Nerve Block In The Popliteal Fossa For Bunionectomy, Daniel I Sessler, Xiaodong Bao, David Leiman, Jia Song, Jason Chittenden, Alexander Voelkner, Alparslan Turan, Jeffrey Gadsden

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This trial assessed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of liposomal bupivacaine given via ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block with or without immediate-release bupivacaine hydrochloride in adults having bunionectomies. Forty-five adults were enrolled into four sequential cohorts: (1) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (2) liposomal bupivacaine 133 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (3) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg; or (4) bupivacaine hydrochloride 100 mg. Outcomes included pharmacokinetics (e.g., bupivacaine maximum plasma concentration [C

Measles Is Just A Harbinger, Catherine Troisi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Apoe And Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias Risk Among 12,221 Hispanics/Latinos, Sandra Barral, Zikun Yang, Nicole Phillips, Robert C Barber, Adam M Brickman, Lawrence S Honig, Basilio Cieza, Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer, Richard Mayeux, Farid Rajabli, Michael L Cuccaro, Jeffery M Vance, Silvia Mejia Arango, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Alejandra Michaels Obregon, Rosa Montesinos, Marcio Soto-Añari, Juan Carlos Duran, Maria Cusicanqui, Ivonne Z Jimenez Velazquez, Victoria Marca, Maryenela Illanes-Manrique, Mario Cornejo-Olivas, Margaret Pericak-Vance, Rebeca Wong, Sid O'Bryant, Nilton Custodio, Giuseppe Tosto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk is heterogeneous across populations, with scarce data on Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: APOE genotype was studied in 12,221 Hispanics/Latinos (per cohort and via metanalysis): Caribbean-Hispanics, Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, and Peruvians/Bolivians. A subsample had longitudinal assessment and plasma p-tau. We tested the modifying effects of global and local ancestries. Results were replicated in an independent Peruvian cohort and brain samples.

Results: APOE ε4 effect was strongest in Peruvians/Bolivians (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.71-13.83), followed by Mexicans (OR = 4.31, 95% CI = 1.58-11.74), Mexican-Americans …

Cell-Free Dna Results Indicating Mosaic Monosomy X Of Likely Maternal Origin: Impact On Genetic Counseling Practices And Patient Experiences, Audrey Mcbride, Ashley Cannon, Siddharth Prakash, Aaron W Roberts, Angela Seasely, Anna C E Hurst, Laura Hendon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To investigate the current genetic counseling practices involving a cfDNA result indicating mosaic monosomy X of likely maternal origin, and to better understand the perspectives of patients who have received this result.

Method: A total of 60 prenatal genetic counselors completed surveys about their experiences with this result, cfDNA consenting practices, and management practices. In addition, qualitative interviews were conducted with 5 patients to gain insight into their experiences with result disclosure and follow-up care.

Results: 95% of genetic counselors reported feeling prepared to counsel on these results. However, responses to current practices varied. Of the genetic counselors surveyed, …

Il-12-Producing Cytokine Factories Induce Precursor Exhausted T Cells And Elimination Of Primary And Metastatic Tumors, Amanda Nash, Jonathon Debonis, Danna Murungi, Bertha Castillo, Boram Kim, Fangheng Hu, Courtney Chambers, Annie Nguyen, Andrea Hernandez, Zeshi Wang, Peter D Rios, Sofia Ghani, Ira Joshi, Douglas Isa, Ningbo Zheng, Weiyi Peng, Oleg A Igoshin, Jose Oberholzer, H Courtney Hodges, Nathan Reticker-Flynn, Omid Veiseh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Curative responses to immunotherapy require the generation of robust systemic immunity with limited toxicity. Recruitment of T cell populations such as precursor exhausted T cells (Tpex) from lymphoid tissues to tumors is a hallmark of effective treatment. However, the ability to efficiently induce this recruitment is lacking in current immunotherapy approaches. Furthermore, systemic administration of immunotherapies frequently results in dose-limiting toxicities, yielding an inadequate therapeutic window for eliciting durable responses.

Methods: In this investigation, we evaluated the safety and antitumor efficacy of locally administered interleukin 12 (IL-12) using a clinically translatable cytokine delivery platform (NCT05538624) to identify …

Single-Nucleus Transcriptional Profiling Of The Placenta Reveals The Syncytiotrophoblast Stress Response To Covid-19, Rachel A Keuls, Scott A Ochsner, Mary B O'Neill, Diana R O'Day, Akihiko Miyauchi, Kadeshia M Campbell, Natalie Lanners, Jeffery A Goldstein, Connor Yee, Neil J Mckenna, Ronald J Parchem, Jacqueline G Parchem

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with placental immune activation, inflammation, and vascular malperfusion, but its impact on syncytiotrophoblast biology and function is unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal COVID-19 on placental syncytiotrophoblasts using single-nucleus transcriptional profiling and to compare placental stress responses in COVID-19 and preeclampsia.

Study design: For transcriptional characterization of syncytiotrophoblasts, we used the single-nucleus RNA sequencing platform, single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing (sci-RNA-seq3), to profile placental villi and fetal membranes from unvaccinated patients with symptomatic COVID-19 at birth (n = 4), gestational age-matched controls (n = 4), and a case of …

Effects Of Smoking Behavior On Lung Metastasis In The All Of Us Research Program, Vikram R Shaw, Jinyoung Byun, Younghun Han, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Smoking may be associated with an increased risk of lung metastasis in cancers of non-lung origin. We leverage survey and electronic health record data from the diverse All of Us Research Program (AoURP) database to investigate whether smoking and smoking-related behaviors increase the risk of lung metastasis in non-lung primary cancers. The results suggest that cigarette use, measured by four continuous variables, does not increase the risk of lung metastasis in seven common cancer types but demonstrates a small significant effect in a cohort including all types of cancer in the database in both univariable and multivariable analyses. An increased …

Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017-2023, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/aims: Multi-society experts proposed the adoption of new terminology, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). We studied the current prevalence of SLD and its subcategories in the US.

Methods: Using the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2023, we analyzed data from 12,199 participants (≥18 years) who completed transient elastography. SLD and its subcategories, including MASLD, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), were categorized according to consensus nomenclature.

Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of SLD (cut-off: 285 dB/m) was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.4-36.7). Within this …

Statin Use Is Associated With Protection Against Acute Cholangitis In Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, Chiraag Kulkarni, George Cholankeril, Touran Fardeen, Joseph Rathkey, Samir Khan, Soumya Murag, Robert Lerrigo, Ahmad Kamal, Ajitha Mannalithara, Prasun Jalal, Aijaz Ahmed, John Vierling, Aparna Goel, Sidhartha R Sinha

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk of acute cholangitis. The epidemiological risks of cholangitis are poorly studied despite the high morbidity associated with this infection. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of statins on acute cholangitis in PSC.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed data from 294 patients with PSC at Stanford Medical Center, Baylor Medical Center, and Valley Medical Center. Clinical factors associated with the development of cholangitis were identified using multivariable Cox regression.

Results: The patients were predominantly male (68.7%) with a median age at enrollment of 48 …

Selected Social And Lifestyle Correlates Of Brain Health Markers: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium, Leslie Grasset, Joshua C Bis, Stefan Frenzel, Daniel Kojis, Jeannette Simino, Amber Yaqub, Alexa Beiser, Claudine Berr, Jan Bressler, Robin Bülow, Charles S Decarli, Alison E Fohner, Laura B Harrington, Catherine Helmer, M Arfan Ikram, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Oscar L Lopez, W T Longstreth, Julia Neitzel, Michelle C Odden, Priya Palta, Carsten O Schmidt, Rajesh Talluri, Meike W Vernooij, Henry Völzke, Trudy Voortman, Quest Whalen, Katharina Wittfeld, Hans J Grabe, Thomas H Mosley, Bruce M Psaty, Frank J Wolters, Sudha Seshadri, Carole Dufouil

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: To investigate the associations of education level, marital status, and physical activity with dementia risk and brain MRI markers.

Methods: Data from six community-based samples from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium were analyzed. Self-reported education level, marital status, and physical activity at age 60 to 75 years were harmonized. Subsamples of participants with brain MRI markers at time of exposure were selected. Associations with dementia risk and cross-sectional MRI markers were meta-analyzed.

Results: Higher education level was associated with lower dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59; 0.72 vs low level) but not significantly …

Addressing The Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease: The Role Of Transient Elastography: Correspondence To Editorial On “Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017–2023”, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Communicating Blood Test Results In Primary Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review, Helen Nankervis, Alyson L Huntley, Penny Whiting, William Hamilton, Hardeep Singh, Sarah Dawson, Rachel O'Donnell, Jane Sprackman, Anna Ferguson Montague, Jessica Watson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Online records access, including test results, was rolled out as part of changes to the GP contract in England in 2023. Blood test result communication is important for patient-centred care, patient safety, and primary care workload. Evidence is needed to ensure that test results are communicated safely and efficiently to patients in primary care.

Aim: To summarise existing evidence for blood test result communication between primary care providers and their patients and carers.

Design and setting: A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken.

Method: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2013-September 2023. …

“Everything Is Electronic Health Record-Driven”: The Role Of The Electronic Health Record In The Emergency Department Diagnostic Process, Tyler G James, Courtney W Mangus, Sarah J Parker, P Paul Chandanabhumma, C M Cassady, Fernanda Bellolio, Kalyan Pasupathy, Milisa Manojlovich, Hardeep Singh, Prashant Mahajan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: There is limited knowledge on how providers and patients in the emergency department (ED) use electronic health records (EHRs) to facilitate the diagnostic process. While EHRs can support diagnostic decision-making, EHR features that are not user-centered may increase the likelihood of diagnostic error. We aimed to identify how EHRs facilitate or impede the diagnostic process in the ED and to identify opportunities to reduce diagnostic errors and improve care quality.

Materials and methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 10 physicians, 15 nurses, and 8 patients across 4 EDs. Data were analyzed using a hybrid thematic analysis approach, which blends …

Soluble Mesothelin-Related Peptide As A Prognosticator In Pleural Mesothelioma Patients Receiving Checkpoint Immunotherapy, Sonali Mitra, Hee-Jin Jang, Allen Kuncheria, Sung Wook Kang, Jong Min Choi, Ji Seon Shim, Claire Lee, Priyanka Ranchod, Peter Jindra, Maheshwari Ramineni, Meera Patel, R Taylor Ripley, Shawn S Groth, Shanda H Blackmon, Bryan M Burt, Hyun-Sung Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has significantly impacted the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Despite some promising results from combination therapies, nearly half of MPM patients do not benefit, underscoring the urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers. This study assesses the prognostic value of serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) and PD-L1 levels in MPM patients receiving ICT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 125 MPM patients treated with ICT by measuring pre-ICT serum levels of SMRP and PD-L1. We also examined the correlation of these serum levels with tumor mRNA expressions of mesothelin and PD-L1. Both univariable and …

Rapid Diagnostic Sequencing Of Stool Dna Using Targeted Nanopore Sequencing In Patients With A Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis, Tara Ness, Nontobeko Maphalala, Wethusonkhe Khumalo, Doctor Sibandze, Abigail Seeger, Maia Madison, Anca Vasiliu, Durbin Mulengwa, Clement Gascua, Mangaliso Ziyane, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Gugu Maphalala, Eric Bortz, Alexander Kay, Christoph Lange, Viola Dreyer, Tanja Niemann, Stefan Niemann, Andrew Dinardo, Anna Mandalakas, Stool4tb Global Partnership

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Approximately 1.25 million individuals died of tuberculosis in 2023, in part due to ineffective treatment. In patients with paucibacillary tuberculosis, microbiologic confirmation and drug resistance testing via respiratory specimens is challenging; hence, stool samples are increasingly used for microbiologic confirmation. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of stool DNA may improve detection of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis, helping patients receive appropriate treatments.

Methods: We assessed the ability of a nanopore tNGS approach using stool to detect drug resistance in a prospective, nested cohort of consecutive participants in Eswatini with pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed via sputum culture or sputum GeneXpert Ultra from 2020 to …

Warm-Ischemia And Cold Storage Induced Modulation Of Ferroptosis Observed In Human Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death And Brain Death, Shiyi Li, Katherine V Nordick, Abdussalam E Elsenousi, Rishav Bhattacharya, Randall P Kirby, Adel M Hassan, Camila Hochman-Mendez, Todd K Rosengart, Kenneth K Liao, Nandan K Mondal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We investigated ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death mechanism, in human hearts donated after brain death (DBD) and those donated after circulatory death (DCD), focusing on warm ischemia time (WIT) and cold storage. A total of 24 hearts were procured, with six from the DBD group and 18 from the DCD group. The DCD group was divided into three subgroups, each containing six hearts, based on different WITs of 20, 40, and 60 min. All procured hearts were placed in cold storage for up to 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. …

Suppression Of Hypothalamic Oestrogenic Signal Sustains Hyperprolactinemia And Metabolic Adaptation In Lactating Mice, Meng Yu, Bing Feng, Jonathan C Bean, Qianru Zhao, Yongjie Yang, Hailan Liu, Yongxiang Li, Benjamin P Eappen, Hesong Liu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Xi Chen, Na Yin, Darah Ave Threat, Nathan Xu, Junying Han, Peiyu Gao, Yi Zhu, Darryl L Hadsell, Yang He, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He, Chunmei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

17β-oestradiol (E2) inhibits overeating and promotes brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, whereas prolactin (PRL) does the opposite. During lactation, the simultaneous decline in E2 and surge in PRL contribute to maternal metabolic adaptations, including hyperphagia and suppressed BAT thermogenesis. However, the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-expressing neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), specifically the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (vlVMH), are suppressed during lactation. Deletion of ERα from MBH neurons in virgin female mice induces metabolic phenotypes characteristic of lactation, including hyperprolactinemia, hyperphagia …

Fogarty-Funded Research Ethics Education In Latin America And The Caribbean: Progress Despite Ongoing Challenges, Timothy Daly, Ignacio Mastroleo, Luis L García Valiña, Irene Melamed, María Florencia Santi, Theresa J Ochoa, Manuela Fernández Pinto, Paul J Cummins, Bernardo García Camino, Cheryl Macpherson, Elizabeth Heitman, Florencia Luna

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ten years have passed since the last regional assessment of the state of Fogarty International Center-funded research ethics education and challenges facing research ethics in Latin America and the Caribbean basin. Program directors and faculty from four international research ethics education programs met in Spring 2024 to discuss their progress, challenges, and future priorities. The themes that emerged from these discussions were the structural difficulties faced by regional ethicists, the use of pedagogical innovations to mitigate different barriers faced by fellows, and the need to anticipate future challenges for the region including climate change.

Walking Interventions And Cognitive Health In Older Adults: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Jongwon Lee, Delia West, Christine Pellegrini, Jingkai Wei, Sara Wilcox, Jean Neils-Strunjas, A Caroline Rudisill, Daniela B Friedman, David X Marquez, Jenna Dzwierzynski, Joyce Balls-Berry, Rachelle Gajadhar, Chih-Hsiang Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

ObjectiveThis systematic review summarizes the effectiveness and the dose of walking interventions on specific cognition domains in older adults, including executive function, memory, attention, processing speed, and global cognition.Data sourcePublished randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until 10 May 2023.Study Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaStudies include older adults without Alzheimer's or related dementias, involving a walking intervention and performance-based neuropsychological assessments for executive function, memory, processing speed, attention, or global cognition.Data ExtractionTwo independent research assistants reviewed 8424 studies and included 17 studies.Data SynthesisParticipant demographics, intervention features (type, intensity, time, frequency, duration, format, and context), cognitive assessment tools, …

Limosilactobacillus Reuteri Promotes The Expression And Secretion Of Enteroendocrine- And Enterocyte-Derived Hormones, Sara C Di Rienzi, Heather A Danhof, Micah D Forshee, Ari Roberts, Robert A Britton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Intestinal microbes can beneficially impact host physiology, prompting investigations into the therapeutic usage of such microbes in a range of diseases. For example, human intestinal microbe Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains ATCC PTA 6475 and DSM 17938 are being considered for use for intestinal ailments, including colic, infection, and inflammation, as well as for non-intestinal ailments, including osteoporosis, wound healing, and autism spectrum disorder. While many of their beneficial properties are attributed to suppressing inflammatory responses, we postulated that L. reuteri may also regulate intestinal hormones to affect physiology within and outside of the gut. To determine if L. reuteri secreted factors …

Uterine Pgrmc2 Deficiency Attenuates Endometrial Hyperplasia And Cancer And Prolongs Lifespan In A Pten Loss-Of-Function-Induced Cancer Model, Nicole C Kelp, Cindy A Pru, Sandeep Paudel, John P Lydon, J Julie Kim, John J Peluso, James K Pru

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The expression of members of the progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) family, particularly PGRMC1, is elevated in diverse types of cancers, particularly those of the female reproductive system. While xenograft tumor studies using human transformed cell lines in immunocompromised mice have suggested that PGRMC1 enhances tumor growth and chemoresistance, the exact role of members of the PGRMC family in cancer development in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of deleting Pgrmc2 on the development of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer using a murine phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten) conditional loss-of-function model. We previously established that …

The Influence Of Tobacco Use, Hazardous Drinking, And Other Risk Factors On Hpv-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Risk And Screening Perceptions Among Gay And Bisexual Men: A Cross-Sectional Study, I Niles Zoschke, Sarah L Bennis, Yi Tang, J Michael Wilkerson, Cynthia L Stull, Alan G Nyitray, Samir S Khariwala, C Mark Nichols, B R Simon Rosser, Charlene A Flash, Michael W Ross

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Oropharyngeal cancer is the eighth most common cancer among US men and its incidence is sharply rising. Oropharyngeal cancer manifests in two major ways: the classic form is prevalent among people who use alcohol and tobacco heavily, while a growing subset of incident cases is associated with human papillomavirus-16 (HPV) and transmitted via oral sex. Gay and bisexual men appear at higher risk for each etiologic subset of oropharyngeal cancer than heterosexual men. We conducted a cross-sectional study to learn how tobacco use, hazardous drinking, and other key risk factors affect gay and bisexual men's perceptions of oropharyngeal cancer …

Dissemination And Implementation Approach To Increasing Access To Local Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Resources With Black Cisgender Women: Intervention Study With Vlogs Shared On Social Media, Mandy J Hill, Laurenia Mangum, Sandra J Coker, Tristen Sutton, Diane M Santa Maria

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Black cisgender women account for only 2% of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-eligible people in the United States who use PrEP to prevent HIV. Owing to the low PrEP use, Black cisgender women continue to contract HIV more frequently than women from every other racial group. Intervention efforts that can bridge the link between knowing that PrEP prevents HIV and support with access to PrEP are necessary for Black cisgender women.

Objective: The purposes of the vlogs through the campaign were to share information about ways to prevent HIV using PrEP and fact-based education and provide access to PrEP resources with …

Dock2 Deficiency And Gata2 Haploinsufficiency Can Underlie Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pneumonia, Sajjad Biglari, Leila Youssefian, Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar, Amir Hossein Saeidian, Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini, Erfan Khorram, Roya Sherkat, Atefeh Sohanforooshan Moghaddam, Fatemeh Mohaghegh, Maziyar Rahimi, Hamid Rahimi, Sharareh Babaei, Mohammad Shahrooei, Nikoo Mozafari, Shirin Zaresharifi, Fatemeh Vahidnezhad, Vida Homayouni, Lam C Tsoi, Johann E Gudjonsson, Hakon Hakonarson, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Vivien Béziat, Qian Zhang, Aurélie Cobat, Hassan Vahidnezhad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects about 1 in 1,000 healthy people under 50 without underlying conditions. Among patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia, rare germline variants at genes controlling type I IFN immunity have been reported in up to 5% of patients. Causal etiologies in 80-85% of cases are still unknown. We analyzed two families with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia for known single-gene inborn errors of immunity. In Family 1, two siblings with critical COVID-19 were homozygous for a DOCK2 variant, c.3624+5G>A. DOCK2 deficiency is a known T-cell disorder underlying severe viral diseases. The variant resulted in skipping exon …