Public Health Commons^™

Substrate Electronics Dominate The Rate Of Reductive Dehalogenation Promoted By The Flavin-Dependent Iodotyrosine Deiodinase, Jeffrey M Carlson, Ayzsa Tannis, Kate R Woodworth, Megan R Reynolds, Neha Shinde, Breanne Anderson, Keivon Hobeheidar, Aisha Praag, Kristen Campbell, Cynthia Carpentieri, Teri Willabus, Elizabeth Burkhardt, Elizabeth Torrone, Kevin P O'Callaghan, Kathryn Miele, Dana Meaney-Delman, Suzanne M Gilboa, Emily O'Malley Olsen, Van T Tong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite universal prenatal syphilis screening recommendations and availability of effective antibiotic treatment, syphilis prevalence during pregnancy and the incidence of congenital syphilis have continued to increase in the United States (1,2). Concurrent increases in methamphetamine, injection drug, and heroin use have been described in women with syphilis (3). CDC used data on births that occurred during January 1, 2018-December 31, 2021, from two states (Arizona and Georgia) that participate in the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants Network (SET-NET) to describe the prevalence of substance use among pregnant persons with syphilis by congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome (defined …

Approach To The Patient: Pharmacological Therapies For Fracture Risk Reduction In Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Winnie Liu, Brendan Lee, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Lindsey Nicol, Frank Rauch, Eric T Rush, V Reid Sutton, Eric Orwoll

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility largely caused by defects in structure, synthesis, or post-translational processing of type I collagen. The effectiveness of medications used for fracture reduction in adults with OI is understudied and practice recommendations are not well established. Drugs currently used to improve skeletal health in OI were initially developed to treat osteoporosis. Oral and intravenous bisphosphonates have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with OI and are commonly used; however, conclusive data confirming fracture protection are lacking. Similarly, teriparatide appears to increase BMD, an effect …

Brain Nuclear Receptors And Cardiovascular Function, Mengjie Wang, Yongjie Yang, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Brain-heart interaction has raised up increasing attentions. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain, and emerging evidence indicates that a number of these brain NRs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, etc. In this review, we will elaborate recent findings that have established the physiological relevance of brain NRs in the context of cardiovascular function. In addition, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding the distinct neuronal populations that respond to brain NRs in the cardiovascular control. These findings suggest connections between cardiac control and brain dynamics through NR signaling, which …

Multisite Evaluation Of Prediction Models For Emergency Department Crowding Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ari J Smith, Brian W Patterson, Michael S Pulia, John Mayer, Rebecca J Schwei, Radha Nagarajan, Frank Liao, Manish N Shah, Justin J Boutilier

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To develop a machine learning framework to forecast emergency department (ED) crowding and to evaluate model performance under spatial and temporal data drift.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 4 datasets, identified by the location: 1-large academic hospital and 2-rural hospital, and time period: pre-coronavirus disease (COVID) (January 1, 2019-February 1, 2020) and COVID-era (May 15, 2020-February 1, 2021). Our primary target was a binary outcome that is equal to 1 if the number of patients with acute respiratory illness that were ED boarding for more than 4 h was above a prescribed historical percentile. We trained a random forest …

Association Of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: Pooled Analysis Of 19 Cohorts, Kwok Leung Ong, Matti Marklund, Liping Huang, Kerry-Anne Rye, Nicholas Hui, Xiong-Fei Pan, Casey M Rebholz, Hyunju Kim, Lyn M Steffen, Anniek C Van Westing, Johanna M Geleijnse, Ellen K Hoogeveen, Yun-Yu Chen, Kuo-Liong Chien, Amanda M Fretts, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Fumiaki Imamura, Nita G Forouhi, Nicholas J Wareham, Anna Birukov, Susanne Jäger, Olga Kuxhaus, Matthias B Schulze, Vanessa Derenji De Mello, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Matti Uusitupa, Jaana Lindström, Nathan Tintle, William S Harris, Keisuke Yamasaki, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefania Bandinelli, Jyrki K Virtanen, Ari Voutilainen, Tharusha Jayasena, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Anne Poljak, Sonia Bustamante, Perminder S Sachdev, Mackenzie K Senn, Stephen S Rich, Michael Y Tsai, Alexis C Wood, Markku Laakso, Maria Lankinen, Xiaowei Yang, Liang Sun, Huaixing Li, Xu Lin, Christoph Nowak, Johan Ärnlöv, Ulf Risérus, Lars Lind, Mélanie Le Goff, Cécilia Samieri, Catherine Helmer, Frank Qian, Renata Micha, Adrienne Tin, Anna Köttgen, Ian H De Boer, David S Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian, Jason Hy Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prospective associations of circulating levels of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers (including plant derived α linolenic acid and seafood derived eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).

DESIGN: Pooled analysis.

DATA SOURCES: A consortium of 19 studies from 12 countries identified up to May 2020.

STUDY SELECTION: Prospective studies with measured n-3 PUFA biomarker data and incident CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Each participating cohort conducted de novo analysis with prespecified and consistent exposures, outcomes, covariates, and models. The results were …

Generation Of A Tree Shrew Breast Cancer Model Using Lentivirus Expressing Pik3ca-H1047r, Li Zeng, Hong-Yan Zhang, Chuan-Yu Yang, Zhuo Cheng, Qiu-Yun Jiang, Yao Luo, Yi Li, Fu-Bing Li, Ce-Shi Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Nudging Health Care Providers' Adoption Of Clinical Decision Support: Protocol For The User-Centered Development Of A Behavioral Economics-Inspired Electronic Health Record Tool, Safiya Richardson, Katherine Dauber-Decker, Jeffrey Solomon, Sundas Khan, Douglas Barnaby, John Chelico, Michael Qiu, Yan Liu, Devin Mann, Renee Pekmezaris, Thomas Mcginn, Michael Diefenbach

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The improvements in care resulting from clinical decision support (CDS) have been significantly limited by consistently low health care provider adoption. Health care provider attitudes toward CDS, specifically psychological and behavioral barriers, are not typically addressed during any stage of CDS development, although they represent an important barrier to adoption. Emerging evidence has shown the surprising power of using insights from the field of behavioral economics to address psychological and behavioral barriers. Nudges are formal applications of behavioral economics, defined as positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions that have a nonforced effect on decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to employ …

Physical Activity, Seasonal Sensitivity And Psychological Well-Being Of People Of Different Age Groups Living In Extreme Environments, Caren Alvarado, Matías Castillo-Aguilar, Valeska Villegas, Claudia Estrada Goic, Katherine Harris, Patricio Barria, Michele M Moraes, Thiago T Mendes, Rosa M E Arantes, Pablo Valdés-Badilla, Cristian Núñez-Espinosa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Physical activity can prevent many organic and mental pathologies. For people living in extreme southern high-latitude environments, weather conditions can affect these activities, altering their psychological well-being and favoring the prevalence of seasonal sensitivity (SS). This study aims to determine the relationships between the practice of physical activity, seasonal sensitivity and well-being in people living in high southern latitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), applying a psychological well-being scale, and determining sports practice according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the 370 male (n = 209; 55%) and female …

Thrombectomy Outcomes With General Vs Nongeneral Anesthesia: A Pooled Patient-Level Analysis From The Extend-Ia Trials And Select Study, Amrou Sarraj, Gregory W Albers, Peter J Mitchell, Ameer E Hassan, Michael G Abraham, Spiros Blackburn, Gagan Sharma, Nawaf Yassi, Timothy J Kleinig, Darshan G Shah, Teddy Y Wu, Muhammad Shazam Hussain, Wondwoseen G Tekle, Santiago Ortega Gutierrez, Amin Nima Aghaebrahim, Diogo C Haussen, Gabor Toth, Deep Pujara, Ronald F Budzik, William Hicks, Nirav Vora, Randall C Edgell, Sabreena Slavin, Colleen G Lechtenberg, Laith Maali, Abid Qureshi, Lee Rosterman, Mohammad Ammar Abdulrazzak, Tareq Almaghrabi, Faris Shaker, Osman Mir, Ashish Arora, Sheryl Martin-Schild, Clark W Sitton, Leonid Churilov, Rishi Gupta, Maarten G Lansberg, Raul G Nogueira, James C Grotta, Geoffrey Alan Donnan, Stephen M Davis, Bruce C V Campbell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of anesthesia choice on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) outcomes is unclear. Collateral status on perfusion imaging may help identify the optimal anesthesia choice.

METHODS: In a pooled patient-level analysis of EXTEND-IA, EXTEND-IA TNK, EXTEND-IA TNK part II, and SELECT, EVT functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score distribution) were compared between general anesthesia (GA) vs non-GA in a propensity-matched sample. Furthermore, we evaluated the association of collateral flow on perfusion imaging, assessed by hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) - Tmax > 10 seconds/Tmax > 6 seconds (good collaterals - HIR < 0.4, poor collaterals - HIR ≥ 0.4) on the association between anesthesia type and EVT outcomes.

RESULTS: Of 725 treated with EVT, 299 (41%) received GA …

Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease In Relatives Of Patients With Pulmonary Fibrosis, Jonathan A Rose, Maria A Planchart Ferretto, Anthony H Maeda, Maria F Perez Garcia, Nikkola E Carmichael, Swati Gulati, Mary B Rice, Hilary J Goldberg, Rachel K Putman, Hiroto Hatabu, Benjamin A Raby, Ivan O Rosas, Gary M Hunninghake

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Transmission Of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae In Us Hospitals, Courtney L Luterbach, Liang Chen, Lauren Komarow, Belinda Ostrowsky, Keith S Kaye, Blake Hanson, Cesar A Arias, Samit Desai, Jason C Gallagher, Elizabeth Novick, Stephen Pagkalinawan, Ebbing Lautenbach, Glenn Wortmann, Robert C Kalayjian, Brandon Eilertson, John J Farrell, Todd Mccarty, Carol Hill, Vance G Fowler, Barry N Kreiswirth, Robert A Bonomo, David Van Duin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) is the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the United States. We evaluated CRKp clustering in patients in US hospitals.

METHODS: From April 2016 to August 2017, 350 patients with clonal group 258 CRKp were enrolled in the Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed using RAxML. Static clusters shared ≤21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and a most recent common ancestor. Dynamic clusters incorporated SNP distance, culture timing, and rates of SNP accumulation and transmission using the R program TransCluster.

RESULTS: Most patients …

Systemic Interindividual Epigenetic Variation In Humans Is Associated With Transposable Elements And Under Strong Genetic Control, Chathura J Gunasekara, Harry Mackay, C Anthony Scott, Shaobo Li, Eleonora Laritsky, Maria S Baker, Sandra L Grimm, Goo Jun, Yumei Li, Rui Chen, Joseph L Wiemels, Cristian Coarfa, Robert A Waterland

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Genetic variants can modulate phenotypic outcomes via epigenetic intermediates, for example at methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL). We present the first large-scale assessment of mQTL at human genomic regions selected for interindividual variation in CpG methylation, which we call correlated regions of systemic interindividual variation (CoRSIVs). These can be assayed in blood DNA and do not reflect interindividual variation in cellular composition.

RESULTS: We use target-capture bisulfite sequencing to assess DNA methylation at 4086 CoRSIVs in multiple tissues from each of 188 donors in the NIH Gene-Tissue Expression (GTEx) program. At CoRSIVs, DNA methylation in peripheral blood correlates with …

Perspectives Of Health Care Staff On Predictors Of Success In A Food Prescription Program: A Qualitative Study, John Wesley Mcwhorter, Jennifer N Aiyer, Nalini Ranjit, Jack Toups, Esther Liew, Jemima C John, Shreela V Sharma

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Partnerships between food prescription programs and food banks can address food insecurity and support health; however, few studies have examined the experience and perceptions of health care partners about these programs. Our objective was to analyze secondary qualitative data from clinicians and clinic staff involved in implementing a food prescription program in Houston, Texas. We collected data from 17 health care clinics from May 2018 through March 2021 to learn how implementation of the food prescription program was perceived, and we received 252 responses. Principal themes were the importance of a value-based care strategy, patient and food pantry barriers to …

Individual And Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status And Long-Term Individual Trajectories Of Sleep Duration Among Black And White Adults: The Southern Community Cohort Study, Samuel H Nyarko, Liying Luo, David G Schlundt, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep duration can change over the life course; however, previous studies rarely investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and individual sleep trajectories over time. We examined the association between baseline socioeconomic characteristics and long-term sleep trajectories among Black and White adults.

METHODS: This study used data from the Southern Community Cohort Study (N = 45 035). Diverse trajectories of sleep duration were constructed using self-reported sleep duration at baseline and after ~10 years of follow-up. The associations between baseline socioeconomic characteristics and sleep trajectories were examined using multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS: Both Black and White participants experienced …

Class 1 And 2 Integrons In Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Diarrhea And Bacteremia In Children Less Than 2 Years Of Age From Peru, Maribel Riveros, Maria J Pons, David Durand, Theresa J Ochoa, Joaquim Ruiz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Class 1 and Class 2 integrons are mobilizable elements able to carry a variety of antibiotic resistance determinants. In the present study, Class 1 and 2 integrons present in 355 pathogenic Escherichia coli (285 diarrheagenic, of these 129 were enteropathogenic, 90 enteroaggregative, 66 enterotoxigenic, and 70 bacteremic) isolated from healthy and ill children under age 5 from periurban areas of Lima, Peru, were characterized. The presence of integrase 1 and 2 was established by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and variable regions were grouped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and subsequent sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance was established by disk diffusion. Ninety-seven isolates …

Prevalence And Geographic Distribution Of Self-Reported Chronic Kidney Disease And Potential Risk Factors In Central America, Erika Figueroa-Solis, David Gimeno Ruiz De Porras, Marianela Rojas-Garbanzo, Lawrence Whitehead, Kai Zhang, George L Delclos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Cases for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) are increasing in specific disease hotspots located in rural agricultural communities over Central America. The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of self-reported work-related CKD and associated risk factors for CKDu by industry sector in Central America.

METHODS: We calculated the prevalence and distribution of self-reported CKD, work-related CKD, and suspected CKDu risk factors among the 9032 workers in the Second Central American Survey of Working Conditions and Health (II ECCTS, 2018). We mapped the distribution of suspected CKDu risk factors to work-related CKDu …

Antibody Duration After Infection From Sars-Cov-2 In The Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey, Michael D Swartz, Stacia M Desantis, Ashraf Yaseen, Frances A Brito, Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker, Sarah E Messiah, Luis G Leon-Novelo, Harold W Kohl, Cesar L Pinzon-Gomez, Tianyao Hao, Shiming Zhang, Yashar Talebi, Joy Yoo, Jessica R Ross, Michael O Gonzalez, Leqing Wu, Steven H Kelder, Mark Silberman, Samantha Tuzo, Stephen J Pont, Jennifer A Shuford, David Lakey, Eric Boerwinkle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding the duration of antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that causes COVID-19 is important to controlling the current pandemic. Participants from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey (Texas CARES) with at least 1 nucleocapsid protein antibody test were selected for a longitudinal analysis of antibody duration. A linear mixed model was fit to data from participants (n = 4553) with 1 to 3 antibody tests over 11 months (1 October 2020 to 16 September 2021), and models fit showed that expected antibody response after COVID-19 infection robustly increases for 100 days postinfection, and predicts …

Correction: Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1 A Is A Novel Diagnostic And Predictive Biomarker For Breast Cancer, Zheqiong Tan, Yaru Zou, Man Zhu, Zhenzhao Luo, Tangwei Wu, Chao Zheng, Aqing Xie, Hui Wang, Shiqiang Fang, Shuiyi Liu, Yong Li, Zhongxin Lu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Outcomes Of Patients Treated For Hepatoblastoma With Low Alpha-Fetoprotein And/Or Small Cell Undifferentiated Histology: A Report From The Children's Hepatic Tumors International Collaboration (Chic), Angela D Trobaugh-Lotrario, Rudolf Maibach, Daniel C Aronson, Arun Rangaswami, Beate Häberle, Allison F O'Neill, Irene Schmid, Marc Ansari, Tomoro Hishiki, Sarangarajan Ranganathan, Rita Alaggio, Ronald R De Krijger, Yukichi Tanaka, Soo-Jin Cho, Christian Vokuhl, Rebecca Maxwell, Mark Krailo, Eiso Hiyama, Piotr Czauderna, Milton Finegold, James H Feusner, Marcio H Malogolowkin, Rebecka L Meyers, Dolores Lopez-Terrada

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Small cell undifferentiated (SCU) histology and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels below 100 ng/mL have been reported as poor prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma (HB); subsequent studies reported SMARCB1 mutations in some SCU HBs confirming the diagnosis of rhabdoid tumor. The Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) database was queried for patients with HB who had AFP levels less than 100 ng/mL at diagnosis or were historically diagnosed as SCU HBs. Seventy-three of 1605 patients in the CHIC database were originally identified as SCU HB, HB with SCU component, or HB with low AFP levels. Upon retrospective review, they were re-classified as rhabdoid …

Feasibility Of Group-Based Implementation Facilitation For Video Telemental Health, Anthony H Ecker, Giselle Day, Amber B Amspoker, Jennifer L Bryan, Stephanie C Day, Miryam Wassef, Kendra Weaver, Jan Lindsay

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Video telehealth experienced rapid growth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in many healthcare sectors, including mental health. The Veterans Health Administration’s video telehealth platform, VA Video Connect, has been widely used to reach veterans who may have experienced difficulty accessing care, such as those living in rural areas or other barriers (e.g., transportation). Implementing VVC requires a multifaceted approach, including training providers on technical skills, increasing access to equipment for providers and veterans, and integrating VVC within the culture and processes of the clinic unit. Prior successful VVC implementation efforts in rural areas have focused on simultaneous one-on-one provider and leadership …

An Age-Dependent Immuno-Epidemiological Model With Distributed Recovery And Death Rates, Samiran Ghosh, Vitaly Volpert, Malay Banerjee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The work is devoted to a new immuno-epidemiological model with distributed recovery and death rates considered as functions of time after the infection onset. Disease transmission rate depends on the intra-subject viral load determined from the immunological submodel. The age-dependent model includes the viral load, recovery and death rates as functions of age considered as a continuous variable. Equations for susceptible, infected, recovered and dead compartments are expressed in terms of the number of newly infected cases. The analysis of the model includes the proof of the existence and uniqueness of solution. Furthermore, it is shown how the model can …

Predictors Of Success In Establishing Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft Models Of Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Gloria V Echeverria, Shirong Cai, Yizheng Tu, Jiansu Shao, Emily Powell, Abena B Redwood, Yan Jiang, Aaron Mccoy, Amanda L Rinkenbaugh, Rosanna Lau, Alexander J Trevarton, Chunxiao Fu, Rebekah Gould, Elizabeth E Ravenberg, Lei Huo, Rosalind Candelaria, Lumarie Santiago, Beatriz E Adrada, Deanna L Lane, Gaiane M Rauch, Wei T Yang, Jason B White, Jeffrey T Chang, Stacy L Moulder, W Fraser Symmans, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Helen Piwnica-Worms

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer are an effective discovery platform and tool for preclinical pharmacologic testing and biomarker identification. We established orthotopic PDX models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) from the primary breast tumors of patients prior to and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) while they were enrolled in the ARTEMIS trial (NCT02276443). Serial biopsies were obtained from patients prior to treatment (pre-NACT), from poorly responsive disease after four cycles of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC, mid-NACT), and in cases of AC-resistance, after a 3-month course of different experimental therapies and/or additional chemotherapy (post-NACT). Our study cohort includes a …

Trends And Racial/Ethnic Differences In Predictors Of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Us Women Ages 30-64 Years, Itunu O Sokale, Jane R Montealegre, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer screening (CCS) participation has decreased in the United States over the last several decades, contributing to cervical cancer's sustained incidence and mortality. This study examined recent trends and racial/ethnic differences in predictors of CCS uptake among US women.

METHODS: We analyzed combined data from the 2016 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and included 235,713 women ages 30 to 64 years without a hysterectomy. We used simple linear regression to assess trends over time and multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in predictors of up-to-date CCS.

RESULTS: We found little change in CCS …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Alla Navolokina, Jacek Smereka, Bernd W Böttiger, Michal Pruc, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, Zubaid Rafique, Frank W Peacock, Kamil Safiejko, Lukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic, required the donning of personal protective equipment during clinical contact, and continues to be a significant worldwide public health concern. Pediatric cardiac arrest is a rare but critical condition with a high mortality rate, the outcomes of which may be negatively affected by donning personal protective equipment. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric cardiac arrest outcomes. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, …

Immune Environment And Antigen Specificity Of The T Cell Receptor Repertoire Of Malignant Ascites In Ovarian Cancer, Kyoko Yoshida-Court, Tatiana V Karpinets, Aparna Mitra, Travis N Solley, Stephanie Dorta-Estremera, Travis T Sims, Andrea Y Delgado Medrano, Molly B El Alam, Mustapha Ahmed-Kaddar, Erica J Lynn, K Jagannadha Sastry, Jianhua Zhang, Andrew Futreal, Alpa Nick, Karen Lu, Lauren E Colbert, Ann H Klopp

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We evaluated the association of disease outcome with T cell immune-related characteristics and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in malignant ascites from patients with high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. Ascitic fluid samples were collected from 47 high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer patients and analyzed using flow cytometry and TCR sequencing to characterize the complementarity determining region 3 TCR β-chain. TCR functions were analyzed using the McPAS-TCR and VDJ databases. TCR clustering was implemented using Grouping of Lymphocyte Interactions by Paratope Hotspots software. Patients with poor prognosis had ascites characterized by an increased ratio of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells, which …

Agreement Between Patient’S Description Of Abdominal Symptoms Of Possible Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer And General Practitioner Consultation Notes: A Qualitative Analysis Of Video-Recorded Uk Primary Care Consultation Data, Victoria Hardy, Juliet Usher-Smith, Stephanie Archer, Rebecca Barnes, John Lancaster, Margaret Johnson, Matthew Thompson, Jon Emery, Hardeep Singh, Fiona M Walter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Abdominal symptoms are common in primary care but infrequently might be due to an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. Patients' descriptions may differ from medical terminology used by general practitioners (GPs). This may affect how information about abdominal symptoms possibly due to an UGI cancer are documented, creating potential missed opportunities for timely investigation.

Objectives: To explore how abdominal symptoms are communicated during primary care consultations, and identify characteristics of patients' descriptions that underpin variation in the accuracy and completeness with which they are documented in medical records.

Methods and analysis: Primary care consultation video recordings, transcripts and medical records …

Phase I Dose Escalation Study Of Topical Bexarotene In Women At High Risk For Breast Cancer, Parijatham S Thomas, Anisha B Patel, J Jack Lee, Diane D Liu, Mike Hernandez, Miguel Muzzio, Alejandro Contreras, Valerie Sepeda, Carrie Mays, Diane Weber, Lana A Vornik, Seema A Khan, Eileen Dimond, Brandy M Heckman-Stoddard, Marjorie Perloff, Powel H Brown

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bexarotene is a rexinoid that has been shown to prevent mammary tumors in mouse models but oral dosing has toxicities. This phase I study evaluates topical bexarotene, as a potential chemoprevention agent, for safety and toxicity in high-risk women for breast cancer.

Treatment Strategies And Mechanisms Associated With The Prevention Of Nash-Associated Hcc By A Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibitor, Suet-Ying Kwan, Alyssa N Slayden, Aubrey R Coronado, Rosamaria C Marquez, Huiqin Chen, Peng Wei, Michelle I Savage, Lana A Vornik, Jennifer T Fox, Shizuko Sei, Dong Liang, Heather L Stevenson, Gregory K Wilkerson, Mihai Gagea, Powel H Brown, Laura Beretta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

UNLABELLED: We evaluated the cancer preventive efficacy of TAK-242, an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in the context of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We also assessed the cellular events associated with the preventive treatment efficacy. We tested oral administration of TAK-242, at clinically relevant but toxicity-reducing doses and scheduling, in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pten (HepPten-). The optimal dose and oral gavage formulation of TAK-242 were determined to be 30 mg/kg in 5% DMSO in 30% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Daily oral administration of 30 mg/kg TAK-242 over 18 weeks was well tolerated …

Bending The Patient Safety Curve: How Much Can Ai Help?, David C Classen, Christopher Longhurst, Eric J Thomas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This paper reviews the current state of patient safety and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to patient safety. This paper defines patient safety broadly, not just inpatient care but across the continuum of care, including diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis, adverse events, injuries, and measurement issues. It outlines the major current uses of AI in patient safety and the relative adoption of these techniques in hospitals and health systems. It also outlines some of the limitations of these AI systems and the challenges with evaluation of these systems. Finally, it outlines the importance of developing a proactive agenda for AI …

Single-Cell Multi-Omics Integration For Unpaired Data By A Siamese Network With Graph-Based Contrastive Loss, Chaozhong Liu, Linhua Wang, Zhandong Liu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Single-cell omics technology is rapidly developing to measure the epigenome, genome, and transcriptome across a range of cell types. However, it is still challenging to integrate omics data from different modalities. Here, we propose a variation of the Siamese neural network framework called MinNet, which is trained to integrate multi-omics data on the single-cell resolution by using graph-based contrastive loss.

RESULTS: By training the model and testing it on several benchmark datasets, we showed its accuracy and generalizability in integrating scRNA-seq with scATAC-seq, and scRNA-seq with epitope data. Further evaluation demonstrated our model's unique ability to remove the batch …