Public Health Commons^™

Evaluation De La Prevalence, De La Typologie Et Des Complications Liees A L'Excision Chez Les Patientes Frequentant Les Formations Sanitaires Du Bazega, Direction De La Santé Et De La Famille (Dsf), University Of Ouagadougou Demographic Research Unit (Uerd), Mwangaza, Population Council

Reproductive Health

L'excision est répandue au Burkina Faso, où environ 70% des femmes ont subi cette intervention. Peu d'informations existent sur les types d'MGF rencontrés au Burkina Faso, ou sur les complications physiques qui en résultent. Cette étude vise à l’évaluation de la typologie et des complications liées à l’excision chez les clientes fréquentant les formations sanitaires du Bazèga et du Zoundwéogo et ce, dans le cadre des activités du Laboratoire de santé communautaire (LSC) à Bazega. Cette étude avait deux objectifs principaux : i) déterminer la prévalence de la typologie de l’excision pratiquée dans la zone du LSC ; ii) identifier …

The Impact Of Monetary Crisis And Natural Disasters On Women's Health And Nutrition, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper analyzes the short-term effects of the monetary crisis and natural disasters in Indonesia on women's health and nutritional status, and activities to monitor and address these problems. The monetary crisis which was announced in January 1998 hit the highest monthly inflation rate of 13 percent in February. Natural disasters that have plagued Indonesia since early 1997, including droughts and forest fires, have been projected to cause famines and an increased likelihood of infant and adult mortality. The economic crisis also directly impacts millions of workforce members threatened by the downsizing of thousands of businesses and factories, in the …

La Familia En La Mira: Nuevas Perspectivas Sobre Madres, Padres E Hijos, Judith Bruce, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Ann Leonard, Patrice L. Engle, Niev Duffy

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A pesar de la retórica de los últimos años que lamenta la pérdida de la "familia tradicional," las familias jamás se han podido encajonar en modelo único. "Familia" puede referirse a la gente que se ha vinculado entre sí por matrimonio o parentesco, o a los que pretenden descender de antecesores comunes. Las personas pueden formar y extender familias, ya sea mediante la adoptación o crianza de niños, o definiendo como familiares a gente no emparentada o mediante el establecimiento de sociedades consensuales. Las familias son tan adaptables como diversas, pues se reconfiguran a sí mismas en el transcurso de …

Covert Contraceptive Use: Prevalence, Motivations, And Consequences, Ann E. Biddlecom, Bolaji M. Fapohunda

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines women’s covert use of contraceptives, that is, use without the knowledge of their husbands. Covert use may highlight conflict between husbands and wives about family planning, or it may reflect behaviors that spouses find difficult to discuss together. This study addresses three questions: 1) How is covert use measured in different settings? 2) How prevalent is it? and 3) What are the factors underlying covert use? We examine these questions by drawing on existing studies and detailed survey and qualitative data collected in 1997 in an urban setting in Zambia from married women and a subsample of …

El Método Cope Para Mejorar El Cuidado De La Atención: La Experiencia De La Asociación Para La Planificación Familiar De Kenia, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Esta es la primera de varias ediciones de Quality/Calidad/Qualité que describen métodos concebidos para ayudar tanto a los directores como al personal de los programas de planificación familiar a efectuar una evaluación propia de la calidad de los servicios que prestan. Estas herramientas dan a los patrocinadores de los programas la oportunidad de identificar las deficiencias en su entorno de servicio y proponer soluciones. El informe examina la experiencia de la Asociación Nacional de Planificación Familiar de Kenia, proporciona algunas lecciones aprendidas y demuestra que estos ejercicios de autoevaluación están, de hecho, dando como resultado una mejora de la calidad …

Using Cope To Improve Quality Of Care: The Experience Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya, Janet Bradley, Judith Bruce, Soledad Diaz, Carlos Huezo, Kalimi Mworia

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This is the first of several editions of Quality/Calidad/Qualité that describe methodologies designed to assist family planning program managers and staff to self-assess the quality of services they are providing. These tools give program sponsors an opportunity to identify shortfalls in their service environment and propose solutions. This issue focuses on AVSC International's COPE (client-oriented, provider-efficient) methodology, a self-assessment tool that has now been used in 35 countries around the world. The report examines the experience of the National Family Planning Association of Kenya, provides some lessons learned, and demonstrates that these self-assessment exercises are, in fact, resulting in system-wide …

Integrating Rti Service With Primary Health Care, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The reproductive health (RH) movement worldwide has brought reproductive tract infections (RTIs) under sharp focus as an urgent health need of women. While RTIs are preventable or treatable, they are often the cause of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, fetal loss, low birth-weight infants, infant blindness, and neonatal pneumonia. The adverse health effects of RTIs, particularly STIs, is much higher for women than men. Recent research has demonstrated that RTIs are closely linked to other areas of health care like family planning (FP), safe motherhood, child survival, and HIV prevention. Hence, each could significantly contribute to the reduction and control …

Assessing The Quality Of Reproductive Health Services, Raeda Al Qutob, Salah Mawajdeh, Laila Nawar, Salama Saidi, Firas Raad

Reproductive Health

This paper offers a broad definition of quality of care and presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for the assessment of quality of reproductive health services and methodological approaches for its measurement. It presents three studies that were conducted between 1990 and 1991 by members of the regional Reproductive Health Working Group from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. The studies provide examples of applications of the framework and its measurement using multiple data sources. Selected findings are presented to illustrate comparative results between countries. Based on the lessons learned from the studies, examples of reproductive health interventions that may improve the quality …

Increasing Demand For Reproductive Health Services In A Peruvian Clinic, Federico R. Leon, Anibal Velasquez, Lissette Jimenez, Alicia Calderon

Reproductive Health

Over the past few years, well-established family planning (FP) organizations in developing countries, such as INPPARES, the IPPF affiliate in Peru, have strived to implement the Cairo Agenda. In the process of including reproductive health (RH) in FP care, they have dedicated human resources and infrastructure to provide RH services seldom offered in the past. The problem these organizations now face is to increase use of the newly available RH care. Currently, clients seeking FP services may leave clinics unaware of the other RH care provided. At a time when international donors are phasing out financial assistance, the partially idle …

Workshop Report: Launching Of The Revised Reproductive Health Policy Guidelines And Standards, Division Of Primary Health Care, Kenya Ministry Of Health

Reproductive Health

The Government of Kenya recently revised its Policy Guidelines and Standards for family planning (FP) and other reproductive health (RH) services to encourage service providers to undertake a more comprehensive approach to service delivery. Some of the recommendations, especially those relating to the integration of STI/HIV/AIDS services into MCH/FP services, and to safe motherhood, include new practices and procedures. A number of research studies have been conducted in Kenya and elsewhere that provide data pertinent to many of these recommendations, and the Division of Primary Health Care (DPHC) used the results to provide a framework within which the guidelines were …

Creating Linkages Between Incomplete Abortion Treatment And Family Planning Services In Kenya: What Works Best?, Julie Solo, Achola Ominde, Margaret Makumi, Deborah L. Billings, Colette Aloo-Obunga

Reproductive Health

Unsafe abortion constitutes a major public health problem throughout the world, leading to high levels of maternal morbidity and mortality. Abortion accounts for roughly one-third of maternal mortality in the world. Millions of other women experience short- and long-term morbidity, such as infertility and pain. The concept of postabortion care (PAC) has gained wide acceptance as a means to improve services provided to women with complications from spontaneous or unsafely induced abortions. One way to improve emergency treatment is through introducing manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), which has been shown to be safer and less costly than dilation and curettage (D&C). …

Recherches Opérationnelles Sur Les Soins Post-Abortum: Progrès Et Défis. Compte Rendu D'Une Réunion Mondiale, Dale Huntington

Reproductive Health

Les femmes qui ont subi des complications à la suite d’un avortement incomplet sont parmi les patientes les plus négligées des soins de santé de la reproduction. Une réunion mondiale sur le thème des recherches opérationnelles sur les soins post-abortum a été organisée au Population Council du 19 au 21 janvier 1998; elle a permis de faire le point sur les progrès réalisés grâce aux trois projets régionaux de recherches opérationnelles sur l’amélioration des prestations de soins post-abortum. Trois objectifs ont été poursuivis lors de la planification de la réunion : 1) examen des progrès accomplis concernant la mise au …

Etude Participative Pour L’Identification Des Stratégies Communautaires De Lutte Contre La Pratique De L’Excision Dans Le Bazéga, Direction De La Santé Et De La Famille (Dsf), University Of Ouagadougou Demographic Research Unit (Uerd), Mwangaza, Population Council

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Evaluation De La Stratégie De Reconversion Des Exciseuses Pour L'Eradication Des Mutilations Génitales Féminines Au Mali, Population Council

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Etude De L'Efficacité De La Formation Du Personnel Socio-Sanitaire Dans L'Education Des Client(E)S Sur L'Excision Au Mali, Nafissatou J. Diop, Fatoumata Traore, Habibatou Diallo, Ousmane Traore, Aissa Haidara Toure, Youssouf Diallo, Madina Sangare, Fatoumata Tandia Keita, Attaher Toure

Reproductive Health

Cette etude a permis de mettre en avant le profil de l’excision au Mali et de documenter les consequences de sa pratique. L’importance de la prevalence de I’excision chez les ethnies du Mali et la tendance remarquée de son accroissement chez les ethnies qui ne la pratiquait pas sont des importantes raisons pour justifier I’intensification de la lutte. Le terrain est propice aux changements car la grande majorité des femmes qui excisent leurs filles le font par pur conformisme parce que la tradition le veut ou parce que tout le monde le pratique. Des pistes de recherche, tels le sujet …

Introduction Des Soins Obstétricaux D'Urgence Et De La Planification Familiale Pour Les Patientes Présentant Des Complications Liées À Un Avortement Incomplet, Population Council, Jpiego

Reproductive Health

En 1997, le Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé de la Reproduction en partenariat avec la Clinique Gynécologique et Obstétricale du CHU Le Dantec ont entrepris une étude de faisabilité sur l’introduction des Soins Après Avortement dans trois structures sanitaires de référence de la région de Dakar. Cette expérience pilote a été appuyée par le Population Council dans le cadre du projet de Recherche Opérationnelle et d’Assistance Technique (RO/AT II) en Afrique et par JHPIEGO qui a appuyé le volet Formation/Prestations de service. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre des recommandations issues des conférences …

Rapport Du Seminaire National [Au Mali] Pour La Definition D'Une Strategie D'Eradication De L'Excision, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This is a report on a workshop for the eradication of female genital mutilation (FGM) held in Bamako, Mali. The workshop presented the results of a literature review on FGM and the actions taken to counter the practice in Mali; provided updates on the activities of six national NGOs working on issues surrounding FGM; and developed a Plan of Action for activities aimed at reducing the practice. The workshop brought together 85 participants, including policy- and decisionmakers from the government, NGOs, and religious groups. The workshop led to the finalization of a national Plan of Action to the Year 2000 …

Management Support For Postabortion Operations Research At The Egyptian Fertility Care Society, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The ANE OR/TA Project started its first five-year phase in 1991 addressing increased choice and accessibility of contraceptive use, promoting quality of family planning (FP) services in Asia and the Near East, and promoting the use of operations research (OR) to solve service-delivery problems. The first phase emphasized human resource development. During the years leading up to the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there was increased global attention to issues related to reproductive health (RH), and in particular the adverse health implications of harmful RH practices, including unsafe abortion. OR was being called upon to help implement this …

Diagnostic Evaluation Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology In The Management Of Palpable Breast Lesions, S. H. Shah, Naila Kayani, S. H. Hasan, I. N. Soomro, Shahid Pervez, A. S. Hussainy

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

A total of 113 fine needle aspirates of the breast masses were evaluated in which the subsequent biopsy or mastectomy specimen were also available for histological examination. The age ranged from 16 to 80 years with a mean of 42 years. In benign conditions the mean age was 34.7 years while in malignant cases it was 48 years. The cytological diagnoses were compared with the histological results which revealed that the specificity and sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology in the palpable breast lesions was 86.1% and 89.2% respectively with a positive predictive value of 93% and efficiency of 88.2%. …

Proceedings Of The Women's Health: Women's Lives Conference: May 3rd 1998, Lynne Hunt (Ed.)

Research outputs pre 2011

The Women's Health: Women's Lives Conference was held on 3 May 1998, at Joondalup Campus, Edith Cowan University. The principal aim of the Conference was to celebrate 10 years of the teaching of Women's Health and Women's Studies at ECU, by drawing together past and present students, university staff and members of the Western Australian community interested in women's issues.

The Relationship Between The Intensity And Duration Of Extracurricular Activities And Teenage Pregnancy, Rhonda L. Drilling

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Extensive research has been done in the area of adolescent pregnancy prevention. One possible means of prevention that has not been adequately explored is involvement in extracurricular school activities. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between the intensity and duration of participation in extracurricular school activities and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. In the study, 200 female high school students who had never been pregnant and 36 females who had become pregnant as teenagers were surveyed. All females were from Fayette County, Iowa. A 33-item questionnaire was used to survey the two groups regarding …

Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior, Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in …

Pregnancy Outcomes: A Study Testing A Model For Predicting Health Outcomes In Pregnancy, Tamera Ann Hart-Johnson

Dissertations and Theses

There is a persistent relationship between socioeconomic status and physical health outcomes found in the literature; however the variables mediating this relationship are many, and ways that they interact with each other are complex. The goal of understanding this relationship is to decrease the disparity in health by socioeconomic status.

This study tested a biopsychosocial model proposed by David Williams (1990) to explain the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical health outcomes. The model included the following latent factors: demographics, socioeconomic status, biomedical risk, medical care, psychosocial variables, and health outcomes. The model was tested through a secondary data analysis. …

An Assessment Of Community-Based Family Planning Programs In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

Kenya has a long history of using community-based distribution (CBD) as an integral part of its family planning (FP) program. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of CBD programs in terms of providing information and services, to learn more about the determinants of program effectiveness, and to attempt to compare the programs’ cost-effectiveness. Fieldwork was undertaken in mid-1995 when data were collected from seven of the major CBD programs in Kenya. Four rural and three urban programs were included, as were programs that remunerated their agents and those that did not, and programs that had full-time …

Postabortion Care Services In Kenya: Baseline Findings Of An Operations Research Study, Julie Solo, Deborah L. Billings

Reproductive Health

In Kenya, as throughout the world, the health consequences of unsafe abortion for women of reproductive age are significant. Hospital-based studies in Nairobi have shown that unsafely induced abortion accounts for as much as 35 percent of pregnancy-related mortality and at least 50 percent of hospitals’ gynecological admissions. The concept of postabortion care (emergency treatment, postabortion family planning counseling and services, links between emergency abortion treatment services and comprehensive reproductive health care) has gained wide acceptance as one model of providing comprehensive care to women suffering from abortion complications. Integration of these three components is rarely found in public health …

Integrando La Sexualidad En La Planificación Familiar: La Experiencia De Tres Proyectos De Vih/Ets En América Latina Y El Caribe, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Esta edición de Quality/Calidad/Qualité relata la experiencia de tres asociaciones de planificación familiar afiliadas con la International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region que han tratado de incorporar una estrategia de prevención del VIH/SIDA en su esquema de trabajo cotidiano. Se examina cómo BEMFAM/Brasil, ASHONPLAFA/Honduras, y FAMPLAN/Jamaica han logrado una transición hacia una oferta de servicios de planificación familiar más enfocada en los clientes mismos y más explícita en el tratamiento de temas sexuales. En cada uno de los tres países, el personal recibió capacitación especial que no sólo los habilitó para proveer información sobre el VIH/SIDA, sino que también les …

Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement [Arabic], Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the challenge of extending earning opportunities and access to valued social roles to young women in the garbage settlement of Maqattam, Egypt. This edition furthermore underscores the degree to which livelihood programs must confront the social circumstances—such as health, marriage, and cultural and family traditions—that play a major role in shaping girls' current and future economic prospects.

Introducing Sexuality Within Family Planning: The Experience Of Three Hiv/Std Prevention Projects From Latin America And The Caribbean, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité relates the experience of three family planning associations affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region that have tried to incorporate an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy into their existing family planning programs and services. It examines how BEMFAM/Brazil, ASHONPLAFA/ Honduras, and FAMPLAN/Jamaica have made a transition toward a range of family planning services more focused on the clients themselves and more explicit in the treatment of sexual themes. In each of the three countries, the staff received special training that not only enabled them to provide information on HIV/AIDS, but also helped them adopt a broader …

Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids With Mch-Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Nakuru Municipal Council's Project On Strengthening Std/Aids Control, James Kariba Wabaru, Bedan Kiare Kariuki, Baker Ndugga Maggwa

Reproductive Health

Kenya’s Nakuru Municipal Council (NMC) operates five clinics located primarily in residential areas with high concentrations of people. The clinics provide basic antenatal, child welfare, STI, and other curative services, and family planning services are available at four of the clinics. One provincial referral hospital operated by the Ministry of Health also provides MCH-FP and HIV/STI services in a special STI treatment clinic. The seven public health facilities in Nakuru Municipality are participating in a collaborative project with the Department of Community Health at the University of Nairobi, the University of Manitoba in Canada, and the Nairobi Municipal City Council. …

Scaling-Up Improved Postabortion Care In Egypt: Introduction To University And Ministry Of Health And Population Hospitals, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab

Reproductive Health

In Egypt, the legal, religious, and societal restrictions on abortion have constrained the provision of high-quality emergency health care services provided to postabortion patients, including links with family planning (FP) services. In 1994, a small-scale pilot study was conducted by the Egyptian Fertility Care Society and the Population Council's ANE OR/TA Project (1995) to improve postabortion care in Egypt. The study intervention included an intensive training program for physicians on the use of Manual Vacuum Aspiration instruments under local anesthesia. Physicians were also instructed in infection-control practices and counseling postabortion patients about their medical condition and FP. The study findings …