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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
Bangladesh: Rh Curriculum Enhances Vocational Students' Knowledge And Behavior, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Bangladesh: Rh Curriculum Enhances Vocational Students' Knowledge And Behavior, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
In 2004, the Population Council’s FRONTIERS Program and the Bangladesh Ministry of Youth and Sports collaborated on an intervention to introduce reproductive health education into government-run vocational-training courses. The training, offered to males and females aged 15–30, includes livestock husbandry, electronics, and secretarial work. The intervention built upon the positive results of the 1999 Bangladesh Youth Reproductive Health Study, which introduced a life-skills curriculum into secondary schools. The interactive reproductive health curriculum was modified to suit older adolescents and youth attending courses at vocational training centers. Topics included reproductive biology, family planning, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, critical thinking, and negotiation …
How Much Will It Cost To Scale Up A Reproductive Health Pilot Project?, Barbara Janowitz, John H. Bratt, Rick Homan, James R. Foreit
How Much Will It Cost To Scale Up A Reproductive Health Pilot Project?, Barbara Janowitz, John H. Bratt, Rick Homan, James R. Foreit
Reproductive Health
Most service-delivery interventions begin as pilot projects. When a pilot study of an intervention is successful, managers begin to think about scaling up the project to new areas. Cost is a critical factor influencing the extent and pace of scale-up. This brief explains how to adapt and modify cost information obtained from a pilot project to estimate scale-up costs. The brief shows why the costs of a pilot project alone are not sufficient to predict costs of scale-up and gives examples of how costs are influenced by factors like economies and diseconomies of scale, resource substitution, and intervention modification. The …
Mainstreaming Adolescent Reproductive Health In Senegal: Enhancing Utilization Of The Findings From The Youth Reproductive Health Project, Nafissatou J. Diop, Anta Fall Diagne
Mainstreaming Adolescent Reproductive Health In Senegal: Enhancing Utilization Of The Findings From The Youth Reproductive Health Project, Nafissatou J. Diop, Anta Fall Diagne
Reproductive Health
From 1999–2003, FRONTIERS implemented a Global Agenda program of operations research projects to address the reproductive health (RH) needs of adolescents in four countries—Bangladesh, Kenya, Mexico, and Senegal. The project was implemented in urban areas of Saint-Louis and Louga, in northwestern Senegal, and was known as Improving the Reproductive Health of Youth in Senegal. The project supported a public-sector, multisectoral intervention to enhance young people’s knowledge and behavior regarding HIV prevention and RH, and systematically tested its feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost. The intervention had a significant positive impact on young people’s awareness and understanding of RH issues. The pilot …
Knowledge, Practice, And Coverage (Kpc) Survey: Baseline Report, Bagh District, Munir Afridi, Saman Naz, Nayyer Munir
Knowledge, Practice, And Coverage (Kpc) Survey: Baseline Report, Bagh District, Munir Afridi, Saman Naz, Nayyer Munir
Reproductive Health
The Primary Healthcare Revitalization, Integration, and Decentralization in Earthquake-affected Areas (PRIDE) program is designed to improve primary health-care services and health outcomes for populations in Bagh and Mansehra districts in northern Pakistan that were affected by the devastating earthquake that struck on October 8, 2005. The project aims to strengthen the financial and human resource management capacities of district health authorities and primary health-care providers. Access to and quality of primary health-care services will be improved through an essential package of health services and improved skills of primary health-care personnel. Community demand for quality services will be improved through an …
Strengthening Financial Sustainability Through Integration Of Voluntary Counseling And Testing Services With Other Reproductive Health Services, Rumeli Das, Kaushik Biswas, Pradeep Panda, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Strengthening Financial Sustainability Through Integration Of Voluntary Counseling And Testing Services With Other Reproductive Health Services, Rumeli Das, Kaushik Biswas, Pradeep Panda, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Reproductive Health
In West Bengal, India, the Child in Need Institute (CINI) operated an HIV/AIDS voluntary confidential counseling and testing center and a reproductive health clinic at separate locations. Concerns about lack of service coordination as well as cost and revenue considerations led CINI to integrate the two services. CINI conducted an operations research study to examine the impact of integration on utilization and revenues. The objective of the study was to examine whether integration of services would yield an increase in clients served and improve the financial position of the program. The study found that integrating services was associated with increased …
Contributing Towards Efforts To Abandon Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: A Situation Analysis, Humphres Evelia, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew
Contributing Towards Efforts To Abandon Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting In Kenya: A Situation Analysis, Humphres Evelia, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
The Kenyan Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services, with support from UNFPA/Kenya, commissioned the Population Council to conduct a situation analysis of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) programs in Kenya, with the overall objective of documenting the current status of and trends in FGM/C programming and to help identify crucial elements that need to be prioritized for support. Results show marked declines in prevalence nationally between generations, suggesting a decline in the practice as well as trends toward “medicalization” in recent years. The practice still continues for different reasons, such as rite of passage, for marriageability, controlling sexuality, religious …
Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Services Through Paraprofessionals In India, Shiv Kumar, Chander Shekhar, N.K. Gupta, Malabika Roy, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Rukma Idnani, Ardash Bhargava, Vinita Salvi
Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Services Through Paraprofessionals In India, Shiv Kumar, Chander Shekhar, N.K. Gupta, Malabika Roy, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Rukma Idnani, Ardash Bhargava, Vinita Salvi
Reproductive Health
In 2004, with funding for technical assistance provided by USAID, the Indian Council of Medical Research funded and collaborated with the Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program of the Population Council on a two-year study to assess the usefulness and effectiveness of using paraprofessionals in educating and providing emergency contraception (ECP) services to potential users. Based on the findings and advocacy efforts, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare introduced ECP as an over-the-counter medication beginning in September 2005. This made it possible for paraprofessionals in the National Family Planning Program to provide ECP services, making the method widely …
Testing The Effectiveness Of The Men As Partners Program (Map) In Soweto, South Africa, Prudence Ditlopo, Saiqa Mullick, Ian Askew, Ricardo Vernon, Edwin Maroga, Sgidi Sibeko, Mokgethi Tshabalala, Rabbuh Raletsemo, Dean Peacock, Andrew Levack
Testing The Effectiveness Of The Men As Partners Program (Map) In Soweto, South Africa, Prudence Ditlopo, Saiqa Mullick, Ian Askew, Ricardo Vernon, Edwin Maroga, Sgidi Sibeko, Mokgethi Tshabalala, Rabbuh Raletsemo, Dean Peacock, Andrew Levack
Reproductive Health
This project was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Men as Partners (MAP) program in South Africa in terms of: changing men’s gender attitudes, norms and behaviors; changing aspects of gender dynamics in relationships; reducing the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy risk behaviors at individual and community levels; and increasing male involvement in gender based violence (GBV) and HIV prevention and in HIV care and support activities. The intervention activities implemented were MAP workshops, public demonstrations, and participation in community action teams. The evaluation of the interventions showed that about 30% of the workshop participants had also attended other MAP …
The Resolution Of Unintended Pregnancy Among Female Students At The University Of Ghana, Legon, Angela El-Adas
The Resolution Of Unintended Pregnancy Among Female Students At The University Of Ghana, Legon, Angela El-Adas
Reproductive Health
Little has been done to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of university students regarding unintended pregnancy likely because their middle-class status precludes their being considered a “deprived population.” Female students in tertiary institutions of higher learning are at an age and in a social context that makes them extremely susceptible to unintended pregnancy and the consequences of unsafe abortions. It is necessary to take steps to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions among this group of “high risk” women. This study sought to investigate the extent of knowledge that female students at the University of Ghana, …
Situation Analysis Of The Sexual And Reproductive Health And Hiv Risks And Prevention Needs Of Older Orphaned And Vulnerable Children In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Milka Juma, Ian Askew, Alan Ferguson
Situation Analysis Of The Sexual And Reproductive Health And Hiv Risks And Prevention Needs Of Older Orphaned And Vulnerable Children In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Milka Juma, Ian Askew, Alan Ferguson
Reproductive Health
The increasing number of children in Kenya who are orphaned or made vulnerable (OVC) from HIV/AIDS and other factors calls for a holistic understanding of their situation so that effective programs to address their needs can be designed. This is especially important for those areas hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, such as Nyanza Province. Little is known about the vulnerabilities of older orphans to risky sexual behavior, and whether they are more vulnerable than nonorphans. The Department of Children’s Services has initiated a cash transfer program to households taking care of OVC. The main objective is to provide a …
Kenya: Begin Community Dialogue On Fgm/C By Discussing Cultural Justification, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Kenya: Begin Community Dialogue On Fgm/C By Discussing Cultural Justification, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Female genital cutting is strongly supported among the Somali ethnic community in Kenya, and the severest form (infibulation) is primarily practiced. This type of cut is associated with increased incidence and seriousness of obstetric and gynecological problems relative to uncut women and those with less severe forms of FGM/C. As stated in this brief, efforts to encourage abandonment should begin with community discussion about the socio-cultural reasons for cutting. Simultaneously, health-care providers need training in how to manage complications of FGM/C. In 2004, FRONTIERS collaborated with UNICEF on a four-month diagnostic study on FGM/C practices among the Somali community in …
South Africa: Youth Centers: A Costly Way To Provide Reproductive Health Services, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
South Africa: Youth Centers: A Costly Way To Provide Reproductive Health Services, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Numerous reproductive health programs sponsor youth centers, which provide recreation and job-skills training as a means of attracting young people to seek reproductive health services or information. However, the productivity, cost, and cost-effectiveness of this approach are not clearly documented. In 2000, FRONTIERS conducted a cost analysis as part of a larger study on the effectiveness of three different youth center models in South Africa. The study focused on 8 of the 12 centers included in the larger study, chosen to be representative of each model. All the selected centers offered clinical services, seven also offered reproductive health information or …
Guatemala: On-Site Training And Outreach Increases Demand For And Provision Of Vasectomy, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Guatemala: On-Site Training And Outreach Increases Demand For And Provision Of Vasectomy, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
About one-third of Guatemalan women use modern contraceptives and half of these use female sterilization. Despite the strong demand for permanent methods, vasectomy is used by less than 1 percent of all couples. An ineffective service introduction model contributes to the low use of vasectomy. In the traditional model, doctors are sent to a hospital (often abroad) where a relatively high number of vasectomies are performed, and the trainee performs at least five supervised vasectomies. In their home practice, however, trained doctors frequently find a low demand and, unable to routinely perform vasectomies, soon lose their enthusiasm and surgical skills. …
Exploring The Choices Of Contraception And Abortion Among Married Couples In Tret, Rural Punjab, Pakistan, Muhammad Shafique Arif, Iram Kamran
Exploring The Choices Of Contraception And Abortion Among Married Couples In Tret, Rural Punjab, Pakistan, Muhammad Shafique Arif, Iram Kamran
Reproductive Health
In Pakistan, the contraceptive prevalence rate is 28 percent, unmet need for family planning services is 33 percent, and unwanted pregnancies are on the rise. A national study showed a fairly high induced abortion rate of 29 per 1,000 married women of reproductive age, and 1 out of 6 pregnancies resulted in induced abortion. This study explored how contraception and induced abortion are perceived as options for avoiding unwanted births by Pakistani men and women, to what extent they deliberately choose one over the other, and the language they use to talk about reproductive behavior decision-making. As noted in this …
Developing And Testing Strategies For Increasing Awareness Of The Iud As A Contraceptive Option, Ricardo Vernon, M.E. Khan, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew, William Stones
Developing And Testing Strategies For Increasing Awareness Of The Iud As A Contraceptive Option, Ricardo Vernon, M.E. Khan, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew, William Stones
Reproductive Health
A workshop was held in England in 2004 to identify the most promising interventions for increasing access to the IUD and to generate protocols for small-scale operations research projects to be undertaken in selected countries. Participants were academics, policymakers, program staff, and service providers from Bangladesh, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Kenya, and Nepal. The workshop objectives were to review international experiences with approaches to increase access to and use of the IUD; identify factors explaining the decline in IUD use in many countries; identify factors favoring client demand for IUD; review barriers to effective IUD service delivery; identify issues of …
Technical Assistance To The Institute Of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University In Researching Introduction Strategies For The Standard Days Contraceptive Method (Sdm), Saumya Ramarao, James R. Foreit
Technical Assistance To The Institute Of Reproductive Health, Georgetown University In Researching Introduction Strategies For The Standard Days Contraceptive Method (Sdm), Saumya Ramarao, James R. Foreit
Reproductive Health
The Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH), Georgetown University tested the impact of introducing the standard days contraceptive method (SDM) with the technical assistance (TA) of Population Council staff. FRONTIERS technical assistance had the immediate effect of allowing IRH to carry out evaluations of the SDM in Asia and Latin America. The IRH studies also produced important lessons learned on strategies for the introduction of natural methods. IRH staff responsible for the India and Ecuador projects learned specific skills in cost-analysis and research instrument design.
Effect Of Introducing An 'Afternoon Pay Clinic' On Service Utilization And Cost Recovery (Nepal), Mahendra Pd. Shrestha, Rajesh Swar, Pradeep Panda, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Effect Of Introducing An 'Afternoon Pay Clinic' On Service Utilization And Cost Recovery (Nepal), Mahendra Pd. Shrestha, Rajesh Swar, Pradeep Panda, M.E. Khan, Rick Homan
Reproductive Health
An operations research study was initiated with financial and technical assistance from the FRONTIERS program to examine whether introducing an afternoon clinic at the Chhetrapati Family Welfare Center (CFWC) in Nepal with a substantially higher registration fee could improve cost recovery by adding more to program revenues than to program costs. The study showed, however, that premium pricing of afternoon services generated very little additional demand for services. Even with a premium price, the afternoon clinic could reach its cost recovery goal only if the volume of afternoon clients were to increase significantly. However, client perceptions about the ability of …
Young People's Sexual And Reproductive Health In India: Policies, Programmes And Realities, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy
Young People's Sexual And Reproductive Health In India: Policies, Programmes And Realities, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy
Reproductive Health
This paper presents an overview of key policies and government programmes intended to reduce HIV vulnerability and improve sexual and reproductive health among young people in India, and identifies the extent to which these policies and programmes have addressed the gamut of unique sexual and reproductive needs of young women and men. It also explores the extent to which programmes have been adapted to accommodate state-level differences in the sexual and reproductive vulnerability of youth; the review takes the examples of two states, namely, Andhra Pradesh, characterised by both early marriage and high HIV prevalence, and Madhya Pradesh, characterised by …