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Articles 12571 - 12600 of 13023

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy [Arabic], Michael P. Todaro Jan 1997

Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy [Arabic], Michael P. Todaro

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

During the past three decades, the cities of the developing world in general, and of Africa in particular, have witnessed a remarkable and in many ways unprecedented demographic growth spurt. Despite some slowdown in rates of increase in the past few years as a result of falling wages, contracting social services, and changing demographic trends, contemporary urban areas remain the growth poles of economic progress and the lightning rods of political and social unrest. Nowhere is this dilemma more visible nor the resulting problems more intractable than in the crowded cities of sub-Saharan Africa, where projections of urban population growth …

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Population And Poverty: A Review And Restatement, Geoffrey Mcnicoll Jan 1997

Population And Poverty: A Review And Restatement, Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Worldwide in the 1990s over one billion persons are estimated to have a purchasing power of below a dollar per day, the conventional demarcation of “absolute poverty.” Other dimensions of poverty, extending beyond income measures to encompass a person’s broader capabilities and social functioning, are less empirically accessible. Poverty is commonly thought to be associated with high fertility and rapid population growth (regionally, South Asia and Africa have the highest poverty rates), but that view finds little support in the extensive statistical research literature on population and poverty. However, a clear-cut depiction of such an institutionally contingent relationship is not …

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Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement [Arabic], Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce Jan 1997

Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement [Arabic], Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the challenge of extending earning opportunities and access to valued social roles to young women in the garbage settlement of Maqattam, Egypt. This edition furthermore underscores the degree to which livelihood programs must confront the social circumstances—such as health, marriage, and cultural and family traditions—that play a major role in shaping girls' current and future economic prospects.

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Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement, Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce Jan 1997

Empowering The Next Generation: Girls Of The Maqattam Garbage Settlement, Marie Assaad, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the challenge of extending earning opportunities and access to valued social roles to young women in the garbage settlement of Maqattam, Egypt. This edition furthermore underscores the degree to which livelihood programs must confront the social circumstances—such as health, marriage, and cultural and family traditions—that play a major role in shaping girls' current and future economic prospects.

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Introducing Sexuality Within Family Planning: The Experience Of Three Hiv/Std Prevention Projects From Latin America And The Caribbean, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla Jan 1997

Introducing Sexuality Within Family Planning: The Experience Of Three Hiv/Std Prevention Projects From Latin America And The Caribbean, Julie Becker, Elizabeth Leitman, Mahmoud F. Fathalla

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité relates the experience of three family planning associations affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region that have tried to incorporate an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy into their existing family planning programs and services. It examines how BEMFAM/Brazil, ASHONPLAFA/ Honduras, and FAMPLAN/Jamaica have made a transition toward a range of family planning services more focused on the clients themselves and more explicit in the treatment of sexual themes. In each of the three countries, the staff received special training that not only enabled them to provide information on HIV/AIDS, but also helped them adopt a broader …

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Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd Jan 1997

Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Little research on education in developing countries has focused on adolescent issues at the same time, despite the fact that a growing proportion of young people are spending some time in school during the phase of their lives between puberty and marriage, there is little research on schooling as a key dimension of the adolescent experience. This paper examines the school environment in Kenya and the potential ways it can help or hinder adolescents. We focus on gender differences with a view toward illuminating some of the factors that may present particular obstacles or opportunities for girls. The paper begins …

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Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy, Michael P. Todaro Jan 1997

Urbanization, Unemployment And Migration In Africa: Theory And Policy, Michael P. Todaro

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

During the past three decades, the cities of the developing world in general, and of Africa in particular, have witnessed a remarkable and in many ways unprecedented demographic growth spurt. Despite some slowdown in rates of increase in the past few years as a result of falling wages, contracting social services, and changing demographic trends, contemporary urban areas remain the growth poles of economic progress and the lightning rods of political and social unrest. Nowhere is this dilemma more visible nor the resulting problems more intractable than in the crowded cities of sub-Saharan Africa, where projections of urban population growth …

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The Epidemics Of Injecting Drug Use And Blood-Borne Disease: A Public Health Perspective, Lawrence O. Gostin Jan 1997

The Epidemics Of Injecting Drug Use And Blood-Borne Disease: A Public Health Perspective, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this article, the author first examines the mechanism by which blood-borne disease is transmitted through sharing of injection equipment. Thereafter, he presents a public health strategy for reducing multi-person use of contaminated injection equipment. This strategy includes: repealing or modifying current laws and regulations making possession and distribution of sterile injection equipment a criminal offense; implementing syringe exchange programs to expand access to new syringes for users of injection drugs; and counseling, education, and treatment targeted to injecting drug users (IDUs), including those in the prison and health care system. The objective of a public health approach is not …

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Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids With Mch-Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Busoga Diocese Family Life Education Program, Uganda, Joy Mukaire, Florence Kalikwani, Baker Ndugga Maggwa Jan 1997

Integration Of Sti And Hiv/Aids With Mch-Fp Services: A Case Study Of The Busoga Diocese Family Life Education Program, Uganda, Joy Mukaire, Florence Kalikwani, Baker Ndugga Maggwa

Reproductive Health

The Family Life Education Project (FLEP) was started in 1986 by the Busoga Diocese of the Anglican Church of Uganda with assistance from Pathfinder International. The project provides integrated MCH, FP, STD, and HIV/AIDS services to more than 500,000 individuals through 48 clinics and 162 trained village health workers (VHWs). Each clinic serves an estimated 11,000 people living in a sub-Parish. Each sub-Parish has a health subcommittee selected by the community that is responsible for hiring clinic staff, identifying VHWs, and mobilizing resources for clinic staff salaries. Data suggest that the program is reaching a large number of clients through …

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Scaling-Up Improved Postabortion Care In Egypt: Introduction To University And Ministry Of Health And Population Hospitals, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab Jan 1997

Scaling-Up Improved Postabortion Care In Egypt: Introduction To University And Ministry Of Health And Population Hospitals, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Ezzeldin Osman Hassan, Hala Youssef, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab

Reproductive Health

In Egypt, the legal, religious, and societal restrictions on abortion have constrained the provision of high-quality emergency health care services provided to postabortion patients, including links with family planning (FP) services. In 1994, a small-scale pilot study was conducted by the Egyptian Fertility Care Society and the Population Council's ANE OR/TA Project (1995) to improve postabortion care in Egypt. The study intervention included an intensive training program for physicians on the use of Manual Vacuum Aspiration instruments under local anesthesia. Physicians were also instructed in infection-control practices and counseling postabortion patients about their medical condition and FP. The study findings …

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Male Involvement In Family Planning: A Kabp Study Of Agra District, Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel Jan 1997

Male Involvement In Family Planning: A Kabp Study Of Agra District, Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel

Reproductive Health

Although lack of male involvement in family planning has been a topic of research and discussion since the early 1980s, during the last five years it has become an important issue for women advocates, researchers, and many international agencies that are committed to reproductive health and gender equality. The large number of articles on this subject and growing number of conferences, research projects, and debates are testimonies to the importance of the issue, both from the programmatic point of view and as a process for bringing about a gender balance in men's and women's reproductive rights and responsibility. This paper …

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Sexual Violence Within Marriage: A Case Study Of Rural Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, John Townsend, Ranjana Sinha, Seema Lakhanpal Jan 1997

Sexual Violence Within Marriage: A Case Study Of Rural Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, John Townsend, Ranjana Sinha, Seema Lakhanpal

Reproductive Health

Until recently the study of sexual behavior, despite being a very important area of human behavior, has remained an untouchable subject. The sensitivity of the subject and difficulties collecting required information discouraged social scientists from venturing into this area of human behavior. However, the advent of AIDS and its rapid spread in India has changed the scenario. Today the study of sexual behavior is an important subject and both national and international agencies, as part of the AIDS control program, are encouraging research on the subject. This paper addresses a totally neglected area, which is sexual coercion within marriage. The …

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Postabortion Case Load Study In Egyptian Public Sector Hospitals, Egyptian Fertility Care Society, Population Council Jan 1997

Postabortion Case Load Study In Egyptian Public Sector Hospitals, Egyptian Fertility Care Society, Population Council

Reproductive Health

There is an absence of reliable data on the incidence of incomplete abortion in Egypt. A diagnostic, descriptive study that neither tests an experimental intervention nor evaluates in a comprehensive manner the quality of postabortion medical care was undertaken to address this issue. The study is a cross-sectional observation of the volume and nature of the postabortion case load in Egyptian public-sector hospitals, and it responds to the following objectives: 1) Accurately estimate the number of women who present for postabortion treatment in ob/gyn in-patient facilities as a percentage of ob/gyn admissions in a representative sample of Egyptian public-sector hospitals …

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Utilization Of Operations Research In Egypt, Sahar Hegazi Jan 1997

Utilization Of Operations Research In Egypt, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

This study aims to maximize the utilization of operations research (OR) findings in Egypt to strengthen research efforts contributing to the improvement of the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) care program. To date, the field of OR in Egypt has not conducted a systematic review of the utilization of the OR studies completed over the last decade. The long-term objective of this study, as noted in this report, was to maximize the utilization of OR and strengthen future efforts contributing to the improvement of the FP and RH care program in Egypt. The study’s sample included selected studies …

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Experience With Clinical Training In Postabortion Care In Egypt: Improving Medical And Interpersonal Skills, Sahar Hegazi, Dale Huntington Jan 1997

Experience With Clinical Training In Postabortion Care In Egypt: Improving Medical And Interpersonal Skills, Sahar Hegazi, Dale Huntington

Reproductive Health

The Population Council’s Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project is collaborating with AVSC International to incorporate the addition of improved postabortion care procedures into the ongoing Safe Reproductive Health Care project. An element in the next phase of the program’s evolution was a two-day seminar held in Alexandria, Egypt. This seminar provided an opportunity for staff from ten hospitals that participated in the 1996–97 expansion program to present their own experience and impressions of the postabortion case-management procedures, and to discuss their strengths and weaknesses. This report presents an overview of this meeting’s presentations …

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Implant Users: Over Five Years After Insertion (Further Analysis Of Previous Study Data), Jayanti Tuladhar, Joedo Prihartono Jan 1997

Implant Users: Over Five Years After Insertion (Further Analysis Of Previous Study Data), Jayanti Tuladhar, Joedo Prihartono

Reproductive Health

This secondary analysis report presents the characteristics of a subgroup of 235 women who are overdue in getting Norplant® implants removed after five years, factors related to the risk of nonremoval after five years, and issues related to accessing information about removal of implants. The main source of data for the present study is the “Norplant Implants® Assessment Study: Insertion, Use, and Removal” carried out in Indonesia in April 1996. This study consisted of a representative sample of 2,979 current and former Norplant users who had an insertion from April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, five or more years …

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Iron Supplementation: Knowledge, Perceptions, And Usage Among Pregnant Women In Rural India, Jayanti Tuladhar, John Townsend, Nazir Haider, Leila Caleb-Varkey Jan 1997

Iron Supplementation: Knowledge, Perceptions, And Usage Among Pregnant Women In Rural India, Jayanti Tuladhar, John Townsend, Nazir Haider, Leila Caleb-Varkey

Reproductive Health

In India, severe anemia has been one of the causes of high maternal mortality and death of newborns and infants due to low birthweight. The prevalence of anemia among women ages 15–44 is extremely high. The Government of India has provided iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) as a prophylaxis against nutritional anemia among pregnant women as part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program and will continue to do so in the Reproductive and Child Health package. This paper presents findings of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted among pregnant women to investigate the extent of distribution and …

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Reproductive Behavior Among Muslims In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel Jan 1997

Reproductive Behavior Among Muslims In Uttar Pradesh, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel

Reproductive Health

Muslims form the largest minority group in India, according to the 1991 census, constituting about 12 percent of the country's population. India has the second largest Muslim population in the world. The growth rate of the Muslim population in India during the last three decades is somewhat higher than the non-Muslim population. The present paper, based on a large sample survey carried out in Uttar Pradesh, India, compares the reproductive behavior of Hindus and Muslims. An attempt has been made to examine the determinants of their differential fertility and family planning behavior.

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Dmpa Provision In Pss Clinics In Uttar Pradesh: Costs And Prices, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Sudha Tiwari, Sneh Vishwanath, Harbans Singh Jan 1997

Dmpa Provision In Pss Clinics In Uttar Pradesh: Costs And Prices, Saumya Ramarao, John Townsend, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Sudha Tiwari, Sneh Vishwanath, Harbans Singh

Reproductive Health

The injectable contraceptive DMPA was introduced in the private sector in India in 1993, contingent on completion of a post-marketing surveillance study of users. The commercial price of a dose of DMPA is about Rs. 150-180, exclusive of the fees of the medical provider. This price puts it beyond the reach of most Parivar Seva Sanstha (PSS) clients in need of safe and effective family planning (FP) services in Uttar Pradesh. Since April 1996, an experiment has been underway with three PSS clinics in Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of price on demand for DMPA. The study seeks to …

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The Situation Analysis Approach To Assessing Family Planning And Reproductive Health Services: A Handbook, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Kate Miller, Lewis Ndhlovu, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Diouratie Sanogo, Placide Tapsoba Jan 1997

The Situation Analysis Approach To Assessing Family Planning And Reproductive Health Services: A Handbook, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Kate Miller, Lewis Ndhlovu, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Diouratie Sanogo, Placide Tapsoba

Reproductive Health

Good family planning service delivery emphasizing both access and quality is key to the related goals of satisfying individual needs and achieving programmatic success. Situation Analysis (SA) provides a needed link between the manager and the client he or she is trying to serve. The data marshaled for SA offer a representative picture of how subsystems are working and provide a way to “see” the client’s experience. Situation Analyses assist managers in achieving the broadest management goal—that of efficient administration of a vital health care service while keeping in view the ultimate goal—providing good care for those who seek it. …

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Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch Jan 1997

Youth Centres In Kenya: Evaluation Of The Family Planning Association Of Kenya Programme, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch

Reproductive Health

Since 1987, the Family Planning Association of Kenya (FPAK) has operated two youth centers, one in Nairobi and the other in Mombasa. The centers target unmarried youth aged 10–24 and their primary objective is reduction in incidence of sexual and reproductive-health-related problems. These centers offer recreational and sports facilities, counseling services, including reproductive health (RH) information, limited RH services, and referrals. In 1996, FPAK undertook a systematic evaluation of its youth-center program including a situation analysis of the centers, a survey in their catchment areas, and an analysis of program costs. The main strength of the program was found to …

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Coping Processes Used By Mothers Of Triplets, Susan Mullen Kaplan Jan 1997

Coping Processes Used By Mothers Of Triplets, Susan Mullen Kaplan

Health Services Research Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the coping processes used by mothers of triplets. Using a descriptive design, interpersonal comparisons of 92 mothers of triplets attending a national meeting of families of higher order multiples were made. Variables, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, included coping processes, levels of depression, perceived availability of social support, and current stress levels. Coping processes were measured using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988), derived from their cognitive-phenomenological theory of stress and coping. Level of depression was measured using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1965). Perceived availability …

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The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva Jan 1997

The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex guilt and communication were related to condom use. Past research has examined variables that affect condom use and has found that individuals who communicate more about sexual matters, and individuals who have low sex guilt, have been found to use condoms/contraceptives more consistently. This study examined sex guilt and communication and how they predict condom use. The participants were 80 female undergraduates recruited from psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University. Mosher's revised Sex Guilt Inventory and Catania's Health Protective Communication Scale were administered along with a question that assessed condom …

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Hazard Communication: A Review Of The Science Underpinning The Art Of Communication For Health And Safety, Barbara Sattler, B Lippy, T Jordan Jan 1997

Hazard Communication: A Review Of The Science Underpinning The Art Of Communication For Health And Safety, Barbara Sattler, B Lippy, T Jordan

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

This report was commissioned by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration to review the state of scientific inquiry supporting our knowledge regarding key elements of chemical hazard communication programs: labeling, warnings, material safety data sheets, and worker training. This endeavor supports the international effort to harmonize laws, regulations, and consensus standards affecting the ways in which information about hazardous chemicals is communicated. The international effort can be divided into three major functions: classifying health and environmental hazards, classifying physical hazards; and communicating hazard information. This last component involves the determination of what information will be communicated to users …

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Work Redesign And Its Influence On Employee Motivation And Job Satisfaction, John Koscielniak Dec 1996

Work Redesign And Its Influence On Employee Motivation And Job Satisfaction, John Koscielniak

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Reengineering and work redesign have become the buzzwords of the healthcare industry giving rise to the unprecedented growth of reengineering / work redesign consultants who offer cookbook methods to make the organization efficient and reduce costs. The unfortunate consequence of this rush to redesign is that the employer accepts recommendations to change the organization without knowing the state of the workforce. The purpose of this research is to test the effects of work redesign as implemented at two for-profit hospitals using a measurement tool developed specifically for work redesign. The intent is to compare the hospitals separately as each work …

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Contributors: Vol 19 No. 3, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Sep 1996

Contributors: Vol 19 No. 3, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Contributors list of Vol. 19 (1996): Pacific Studies Full Issue 3

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Vol. 19 No. 3 (1996): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Sep 1996

Vol. 19 No. 3 (1996): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

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Vol. 19 No. 3 (1996): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Sep 1996

Vol. 19 No. 3 (1996): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

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How Many Hawaiians Live In Hawai‘I?, Robert C. Schmitt Sep 1996

How Many Hawaiians Live In Hawai‘I?, Robert C. Schmitt

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

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Ben Finney's Review Of Willie Dari, Vasiti Ligairi, And Solange Petit-Skinner's Adolescents In Fiji, Ben Finney Sep 1996

Ben Finney's Review Of Willie Dari, Vasiti Ligairi, And Solange Petit-Skinner's Adolescents In Fiji, Ben Finney

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

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