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The Impact Of Being Born With Cleft And Cleft Reparative Surgery On Overall Health And Speech Outcomes, Khatansuudal Evsanaa

Master's Theses

Orofacial cleft is one of the most common and treatable birth defects in the world. If left untreated, orofacial cleft can impair normal speech development, growth, and could lead to a number of health consequences later in life. The main motivation of the study is to measure the impact of being born with cleft and the cleft reparative surgery on overall speech and health cleft for teenagers in India using difference-in-differences approach along with household fixed effects method. An overall health outcome was measured using height, weight, grip strength and BMI, and the speech acceptability was measured using a “Universal …

Grantee-Level Estimates Show That 31 Percent Of All Health Centers Would Fail To Meet Tier Two Status Under Hrsa's Proposed Mua/Mup/Hpsa Designation Regulations, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku, Emily Jones, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

In April of 2008, we issued a research brief which analyzed the impact on various federal programs of a February 29, 2008 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) regarding the designation of Medically Underserved Populations and Health Professional Shortage Areas. Among its findings, the report estimated that resources for one-third of community health center sites would be jeopardized by this rule change because they could not attain a sufficiently high priority status, even under the newly-proposed, higher-scoring Tier 2 methodology. On May 1, 2008, we issued a revision in response to an April 21, 2008 clarification notice from the Health Resources …

The Mercury Connection: Autism And Childhood Vaccines, Sarah Rossi

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

A literature survey of government and private studies have found that Thimerosal not to be a cause of auism. The reliance on limited, flawed and outdated studies on the effect of ethyl-mercury suggest that more research is needed to understand the effects of ethyl-mercury and particularly Thimerosal. In the meantime efforts should be increased to remove Thimerosal from vaccines world-wide.

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Hiv Status In Kenya, Kimberly Fletcher

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the greatest threats to stability and development in Kenya. The country's infection rate is estimated between seven and eight percent, making it one of the highest in the world. Several studies have been done that examine subpopulations such as truck drivers, sex workers, and migrants. However, to date there is little research that examines who, across the country, is contracting HIV. Kenya's 2003 Demographic and Health Survey includes data that make it possible to determine which groups have the highest odds of being infected. The question of who is contracting …

Across The Pond: Ea-Ohp— Sohp Summit Meeting, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Jonathan Houdmont

Publications and Research

On March 6, 2008 at the APA/NIOSH/SOHP Conference on Work, Stress, and Health in Washington, DC, the executive committees and other involved members of the Society for Occupational Health Psychology and the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology held a summit meeting. The gathering was the latest in an ongoing series that began at the EA-OHP Dublin 2006 conference. The main discussion points and outcomes of interest to members are presented here.

Productivity Spillovers In Healthcare: Evidence From The Treatment Of Heart Attacks, Amitabh Chandra, Douglas O. Staiger

Dartmouth Scholarship

A large literature in medicine documents variation across areas in the use of surgical treatments that is unrelated to outcomes. Observers of this phenomena have invoked “flat of the curve medicine” to explain these facts, and have advocated for reductions in spending in high-use areas. In contrast, we develop a simple Roy model of patient treatment choice with productivity spillovers that can generate the empirical facts. Our model predicts that high-use areas will have higher returns to surgery, better outcomes among patients most appropriate for surgery, and worse outcomes among patients least appropriate for surgery, while displaying no relationship between …

Highlights: Analysis Of The Proposed Rule On Designation Of Medically Underserved Populations And Health Professional Shortage Areas, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku, Emily Jones, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

For decades, the federal government has targeted health care funding, resources and staff to meet the health care needs of areas designated as "medically underserved areas" and "health professional shortage areas." Areas that qualify may, for example, receive federal funding to support the establishment and operation of community health centers, or receive National Health Service Corps (NHSC) physicians and clinicians. In addition, physicians who practice in these health shortage areas may receive higher payments under Medicare. These designations thus affect the availability of health care in thousands of urban and rural areas all across the United States. Community health centers …

Analysis Of The Proposed Rule On Designation Of Medically Underserved Populations And Health Professional Shortage Areas, Peter Shin, Leighton C. Ku, Emily Jones, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

Numerous safety net programs and health care providers depend on Medically Underserved Area and Population (MUA/P) and Health Professional Shortage (HPSA) designations to qualify for federal funding, physician subsidies and placement, and health-related investments to improve access to care for communities and populations at high risk of poor health. These resources are particularly critical for federally-qualified health centers at a time when the number of uninsured is growing and the capacity of the safety net shrinking. On February 29, 2008, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released a proposed regulation to alter the way these designations are made. …

Nrc’S Decision Process: Judging The Safety Of A Proposed Repository, Janet Kotra

Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues

Abstract:

-Provide an overview of the role of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at Yucca Mountain

-Describe the process NRC will use to decide whether or not to authorize construction of a repository at Yucca Mountain

-Explain options and highlight important milestones that apply to Tribes as potential participants in NRC’s process

Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues Meet And Greet, Slideshow, And Attendance List

Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues

Slideshow, 58 PowerPoint slides & Attendance list

Tribes And Yucca Mountain: Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues, Fred Dilger

Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues

Abstract:

-Yucca Mountain: Extensive history of social-cultural studies

-No interaction on transportation

-Unsuccessful effort began in 1993 and ended in 1995

-DOE tribal policy was a very good start

-Restarted again in 2004-DOE invites tribes to TEC meeting

-Shape future interaction between DOE and other Tribes

-Tribes identify themselves as affected by DOE differently than DOE defines affected tribes

Yucca Mountain- Could The End Be Near?, Steve Frishman

Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues

Presentation & Biography

Fighting Nuclear Waste At Skull Valley, Margene Bullcreek

Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues

Abstract:

-Reasons We Oppose Nuclear Waste

-Sovereignty

-Traditional values must be protected

-Protect sacredness of our culture, plants,

animals, air, and water

-Affects on community health

-Protect reservation and homeland

-To protect the air and water

-To protect future generations

-Environmental Justice

Role Of Place Of Residence On Drinking And Driving Among Students In A Hispanic Serving University

Florida Public Health Review

This study describes the role of place of residence on drinking and driving among students in a large Hispanic- serving institution. The National College Health Assessment survey was administered during the fall of 2004. 1130 randomly selected students completed this anonymous questionnaire. Hispanic students were less likely to drive after drinking compared to non-Hispanic white students, but Hispanic students were more likely to live with parents (55%) compared with non-Hispanic white students (22%). After adjusting for the place of residence, there were no significant differences in drinking and driving between Hispanics and non-Hispanic white students. Therefore, in part, lower levels …

¨En Este País No Se Habla Con La Verdad¨: Investigando La Falta De Educación Sexual En El Ecuador¨, Laney Rupp

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

No abstract provided.

Como Mujer…Yo Decido: El Derecho De Salud Sexual Y Reproductiva En Mujeres Aymara De Putre, Chile, Alice Manos

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The human right to sexual and reproductive health, as defined at the International United Nations Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 1994), continues to be a pending issue in Chile. The sexual and reproductive health of indigenous women emerges as a crucial issue within this field due to Chile’s history of cultural ignorance and a dictatorial healthcare system. Studies of women’s sexual and reproductive healthcare within indigenous communities in Chile have focused on the Cosmo vision and traditional medicine of the Aymara due to their distinct concepts of reproduction, gender roles, and family planning. Studies conducted by Maria Soledad Pérez …

Give Life Without Losing Life: The Casa Materna Of Matagalpa And The Struggle To Prevent Maternal Death, Lily Emiko Friedman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Maternal mortality has a face. It is the health indicator with the greatest disparity between the developed and developing worlds, disproportionately affecting poor women with low levels of education, high levels of fertility, and inadequate access to health services. It is the health inequality that most clearly shows how poor health outcomes continue to be directly linked to poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage, while the right to safe pregnancy and motherhood comes with economic privilege. As it occupies such a critical position in community health, maternal mortality has been widely studied and the target of countless health interventions aimed at its …

Health Compromising Behaviors By Gender Among Florida Adolescents

Florida Public Health Review

No abstract provided.

South Africa’S Unsung “She-Roes”: A Practicum Study Of Npo Grandmothers Against Poverty And Aids, Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town, Rachel Pryzby

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Across Africa, the AIDS pandemic has forced HIV+ individuals and orphaned children into the care of elderly women. Though this has occurred in millions of families, little support has been offered for the grandmothers supporting children and grandchildren on a limited income. This study reports on a practicum study at Grandmothers Against Poverty and AIDS (GAPA), the first African organization to recognize the important role played by grandmothers in light of HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted in April 2008 at the GAPA center in Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the organization’s origin, …

Improving The Provision Of Reproductive Health Services To Incarcerated Women

Florida Public Health Review

Many researchers in social science and criminal justice fields have shown that reproductive health services for women in prisons, jails, and other correctional facilities, including preventive screening, prenatal services, and treatment, is severely lacking. As the rates of incarcerated women continue to soar, for a multitude of political, economic, and structural reasons, it has become increasingly more critical that women’s health issues, including reproductive health, are adequately addressed in the prison health setting. Correctional and health care programs differ strongly in their purpose (punishment or care), primary client served (society or individual), means employed to achieve their purpose (deprivation or …

Wanted -- Focused Leadership Theory And Application In Public Health Professional Preparation

Florida Public Health Review

Many faculty and administrators in academic public health believe that professional preparation culminating in the awarding of the MPH degree is necessarily coupled with the development of leadership skills and dynamic leaders. This assumption may indeed be a false one. Integrating specific leadership paradigms into public health professional preparation and applying leadership theory to specific public health problems may assist the leadership development process and increase the possibility that professional preparation and the acquisition of leadership knowledge and skills are more intimately entwined.

Changing School Leadership Philosophies To Reverse Childhood Obesity Trends

Florida Public Health Review

Childhood obesity is a public health crisis in the United States. By the year 2015 an estimated 24 percent of all children will be obese. Children who are obese miss on average 20 percent more school than their healthy-weight classmates. Additionally, there is a higher risk of developing diabetes and having high blood pressure, and for being overweight as an adult. Childhood obesity is not caused by one factor but is instead caused by a multitude of social factors, the increased consumption of fast foods, video games replacing outdoor activities and unhealthy food options in schools, just to name a …

Red Light Running Cameras – Reader Reactions And Authors’ Reply

Florida Public Health Review

No abstract provided.

Red Light Running Cameras: Would Crashes, Injuries And Automobile Insurance Rates Increase If They Are Used In Florida?

Florida Public Health Review

Running a red light can cause severe traffic crashes especially when one vehicle runs into the side of another. Red light cameras photograph violators who are sent traffic tickets by mail. Intuitively, cameras appear to be a good idea. However, comprehensive studies conclude cameras actually increase crashes and injuries, providing a safety argument not to install them. Presently, Florida statutes do not permit red light camera evidence to be used as the sole basis for ticketing drivers for violating the law. Legislation to permit camera citations has been proposed since the 1990s, but none has passed to date. This paper …

Simulation-Based Training For Patient Safety: 10 Principles That Matter, Eduardo Salas, Katherine A. Wilson, Elizabeth Lazzara, Heidi B. King, Jeffery S. Augenstein

Publications

Simulation-based training can improve patient care when factors influencing its design, delivery, evaluation, and transfer are taken into consideration. In this paper, we provide a number of principles and practical tips that organizations in health care can use to begin implementing effective simulation-based training as a way to enhance patient safety. We commend the health care community for their efforts thus far. We hope that the information provided in this paper will encourage thinking beyond the "bells and whistles" of the simulation and bring to light full potential of simulation-based training in health care and patient safety.

Using Built Environment Characteristics To Predict Walking For Exercise, Gina S. Lovasi, Anne V. Moudon, Amber L. Pearson, Philip M. Hurvitz, Eric B. Larson, David S. Siscovick, Ethan M. Berke

Dartmouth Scholarship

Environments conducive to walking may help people avoid sedentary lifestyles and associated diseases. Recent studies developed walkability models combining several built environment characteristics to optimally predict walking. Developing and testing such models with the same data could lead to overestimating one's ability to predict walking in an independent sample of the population. More accurate estimates of model fit can be obtained by splitting a single study population into training and validation sets (holdout approach) or through developing and evaluating models in different populations. We used these two approaches to test whether built environment characteristics near the home predict walking for …

How Does Investment In Community Health Centers Affect The Economy?, Peter Shin, Brad Finnegan, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

The economic slowdown that began in 2007 has prompted policymakers to focus on investments that can produce rapid economic gains in communities. Building on a previous analysis, this Research Brief estimates that a $250 million appropriations increase in the community health centers program would yield health care for an additional 1.8 million patients and a nationwide four-to-one return on investment:

• nearly $1 billion in direct community economic benefits, and
• over $1.1 billion in indirect benefits in jobs and other community investments.

On a state-by-state basis, each $1 million in federal appropriations would assure care for an additional 8,400 patients and …

Infant Feeding Decisions Among Pregnant Black Wic Participants And The Role Of Peer Support, Astrid D. Mickens

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to identify the important factors that impact infant feeding decisions among Black women, and to determine whether peer support influences the relationship among theoretical constructs of the social learning theory. A convenience sample of 110 Black pregnant women, ages 18-45, attending Women, Infant and Children (WIC) clinics throughout Riverside and San Bernardino Counties were recruited to participate in the study through the Nutrition Services Department. Eligible participants included pregnant Black WIC clients in any stage of pregnancy.

The survey questions contained information about perceived support, cognitive knowledge, abilities and beliefs regarding breastfeeding. The goal …

Cultural Icons And Marketing Of Gambling, L. Dyall, S. Tse, A. Kingi

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

A number of different countries and states have or are in the process of developing formal or informal guidelines to govern gambling advertising and marketing of gambling. There is a growing consensus that gambling advertising should not mislead the public, be fair, provide information on the odds of wining and there should be provisions in place to protect vulnerable groups, such as, children. In the development of these guidelines by different countries or states there has been no real consideration of the need to engage with different indigenous and ethnic populations to ensure that they are protected as vulnerable populations. …