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Articles 5341 - 5370 of 7983

Full-Text Articles in Public Health

Relationship Between Admission Criteria And Program Completion In A Radiation Therapy Program, Adrienne Mae Dougherty Jan 2017

Relationship Between Admission Criteria And Program Completion In A Radiation Therapy Program, Adrienne Mae Dougherty

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Poor completion rates in the radiation therapy associate's degree program offered through a community college did not meet the standards set by the college and damaged the program's reputation. The relationship between admission criteria and program completion was not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any relationships between the admission criteria (GPA in prerequisite courses, interview scores, writing sample scores, and preadmission testing scores) and students' completion of a radiation therapy associate's degree program. This correlational study used 2 stages of Tinto's retention theory: (a) recruitment and admission to college and (b) pre-entry assessment …

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Composite Risk Behaviors That Enhance The Transmission Of Malaria In Pregnancy, John Olusegun Dada Jan 2017

Composite Risk Behaviors That Enhance The Transmission Of Malaria In Pregnancy, John Olusegun Dada

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Malaria causes high morbidity and mortality, especially among the most vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) can be prevented by compliance with the 3 core measures: sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp-SP), and effective case management of malaria and anemia. The purpose of this cross-sectional household survey was to examine the composite risk behaviors that enhance the transmission of MiP. Stratified and multistage sampling methods were used to select a sample of 300 pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted. According to study findings, participants' …

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Body Piercing And Health Complications Among College Students In Puerto Rico, Elsie Goicochea Jan 2017

Body Piercing And Health Complications Among College Students In Puerto Rico, Elsie Goicochea

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The incidence and prevalence of body piercing health complications among students is a public health matter that has not been researched in Puerto Rico. College students are the most consistent participants in body piercing activities and have reported health complications resulting in visits to medical offices and emergency rooms. Based on the health belief model, which is used to explain and predict health attitudes, the purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to analyze the health risks and possible complications occurring after body piercing and to investigate the association between sex and age and medical complications. Data were collected from …

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Safety Practices On Lead Poisoning Among Battery Technicians In Lagos Nigeria, Tajudeen Olusegun Rasheed Jan 2017

Safety Practices On Lead Poisoning Among Battery Technicians In Lagos Nigeria, Tajudeen Olusegun Rasheed

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Maintaining due diligence on safety practices at the workplace of battery technicians is the most cost-effective intervention against lead-related hazards. The safety practice on lead poisoning in Nigeria is below average, and the compliance level is far from the expected target of 90%. Using Dejoy's workplace self-protective behavior theory, this study investigated multilevel factors that influence safety practices on lead poisoning and compared the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment by battery technicians in the organized and roadside settings. The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, and a multistage and systematic sampling technique was used to select 293 …

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Factors Impacting Hiv Post Exposure Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers, Ulunma Njemanze Jan 2017

Factors Impacting Hiv Post Exposure Prophylaxis Among Health Care Workers, Ulunma Njemanze

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Health care workers are at risk of contracting HIV as a result of occupational exposure while treating infected patients. HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective antiretroviral treatment course used in preventing potential HIV infection following an accidental occupational exposure to HIV. The objective of this cross sectional study was to identify the factors that impact the practice of HIV PEP among health care workers at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey using self-administered, structured questionnaires was conducted on 182 health care workers at the National Hospital comprising of medical doctors, nurses, and laboratory scientists. A chi-square test …

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Understanding Self-Management Decision Making In Heart Failure, Constance Louise Schumacher Jan 2017

Understanding Self-Management Decision Making In Heart Failure, Constance Louise Schumacher

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Heart failure patients are responsible for managing fluctuations in symptoms between exacerbations by employing treatment adherence, active monitoring, and management strategies based on expert guidelines. Despite education, delayed help seeking persists among those in the need of acute medical intervention, as evidenced by high hospital admission and readmission rates. The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to explore the decision making processes undertaken by heart failure, community-dwelling individuals as they experience symptom changes. Eighteen face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants who had heart failure and received self-management education from a home care agency in Southern Ontario, Canada. Data …

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Breaking The Silence: Postpartum Depression Among Reproductive-Aged Women In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Atim Henshaw Jan 2017

Breaking The Silence: Postpartum Depression Among Reproductive-Aged Women In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Atim Henshaw

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Postpartum depression (PPD) is internationally recognized as one of the most prevalent and severe but neglected maternal mental health complications of childbirth. Previous studies have indicated that there is a high burden of disease associated with PPD in both developed and developing countries. However, there remain gaps in the current literature regarding the recognition and management of PPD in remote parts of the developing world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of health professionals towards PPD and examine the factors that either facilitated or hindered its recognition and management in a remote …

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The Relationship Between Hispanics/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men And Women Cultural Beliefs, Risk Behaviors And Self-Disclosure, Donnalee Maria Lawson-Williams Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Hispanics/Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men And Women Cultural Beliefs, Risk Behaviors And Self-Disclosure, Donnalee Maria Lawson-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behaviors, and disclosure among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Minority men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by HIV, in particular MSM who are Hispanic/Latino or African American. Limited research is available on the link between Hispanic/Latino MSMW, their cultural/spiritual beliefs, risk behavior, and disclosure about risk behaviors to friends and family. The data were obtained from the SJS Project, which used survey methods to gather data on participants from all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Among the participants …

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The Relationship Between Youths' Risky Sexual Behavior And Race/Ethnicity, William Patrick Odhiambo Okello Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Youths' Risky Sexual Behavior And Race/Ethnicity, William Patrick Odhiambo Okello

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to the CDC, young people, aged 15-24 years, share the greatest risk of new sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and the negative impact of alcohol and drug use. The purpose of this quantitative study, based on the theory of social-psychological problem-behavior, was to analyze the 2013 YRBSS secondary data and document if a relationship existed between race/ethnicity and youth sexual behavior, alcohol consumption, and drug use for the 13,583 survey participants. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi-Square were conducted to answer the research questions. Results indicated that American Indian/Alaskan Natives were most likely to report first sexual activity before 11 years …

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Parental Perspectives On Vaccinating Children Against Preventable Childhood Diseases, Karen Charles Jan 2017

Parental Perspectives On Vaccinating Children Against Preventable Childhood Diseases, Karen Charles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood immunization has been one of the most important public health measures in the 20th century. In the United States, 95% of avoidable childhood diseases have been prevented through vaccinations. However, there have been growing concerns around the safety of vaccines, and this increased uncertainty has led to decreases in vaccination participation and increases in cases of preventable diseases. As such, is it important to understand why parents are not vaccinating their children. A qualitative approach was utilized to conduct this study. Flyers to recruit participants were distributed by healthcare providers and were posted in church facilities. Ten parents of …

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The Impact Of Maternity Healthcare Employees Professional Development On Pregnant Teen Health, Patricia.Kelley Kelley Jan 2017

The Impact Of Maternity Healthcare Employees Professional Development On Pregnant Teen Health, Patricia.Kelley Kelley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Knowledge gaps exist related to the care and education of pregnant teens. This project study addressed the problem of an inadequate amount of professional development (PD) and training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for pregnant teens at a maternity clinic in the Southeastern United States. Unless HCPs are appropriately trained, the ability to meet the needs of pregnant teens is deficient and negative health outcomes for these patients are likely to be exacerbated. The humanistic learning theory was used in this phenomenological exploratory study to explore perception of 9 HCPs who had the responsibility for patient teaching, clinical care, and …

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Predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory Among Psychiatry Professionals, Chidi Chima Jan 2017

Predicting Weight Management Advice Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory Among Psychiatry Professionals, Chidi Chima

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity remains a public health concern among persons with mental illness resulting from the interaction of a combination of factors such as genetic, medication, effects of their symptoms, social, and environmental factors. Obesity complications account for increased mortality and morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and quality of life in persons with mental illness. The management of obesity is challenging and predicting the ability of mental health professionals to advise patients on weight management behavior is important to improve patients' overall well-being. The social cognitive theory constructs knowledge, expectations, situational perception, self-efficacy, and goal setting were utilized in predicting Weight Management Advice …

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The Relationship Between Infertility, Infertility Treatment, Psychological Interventions, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Antoinette Corley-Newman Jan 2017

The Relationship Between Infertility, Infertility Treatment, Psychological Interventions, And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Antoinette Corley-Newman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The number of women diagnosed as infertile continues to grow every year. The psychological impact of the infertility experience has been said to create distress equivalent to that associated with life-threatening illnesses and has been linked with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using shattered assumption and stress-buffering theory, this quantitative causal comparative study explored the potential functional relationship between infertility and PTSD. The majority of the (all-female) participants were 24- to 34-year-old college graduates. A 2 X 3 factorial between-subjects ANOVA examined and compared the cause and effect of the independent variables, fertility treatment and psychological intervention, on the dependent variable, …

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Use Of Social Cognitive Theory To Understand Veterans' Postservice Physical Activity Behavior, Geoffrey Bruce Miller Jan 2017

Use Of Social Cognitive Theory To Understand Veterans' Postservice Physical Activity Behavior, Geoffrey Bruce Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The health of the veteran population within the United States has become a matter of ever-increasing concern, and many individuals who have attained veteran status are experiencing health issues following their discharge from the military. Despite such concerns, there are often not enough resources available to assist these individuals to the degree necessary in an expedient manner. The purpose of this case study was to use social cognitive theory to understand the physical activity of veterans following their time in service. Through the use of social cognitive theory, this study explored the thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors of 11 veterans to …

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Using Multi-Theory Model To Predict Low Salt Intake - Nigerian Adults With Hypertension, Christine Adekemi Dokun-Mowete Jan 2017

Using Multi-Theory Model To Predict Low Salt Intake - Nigerian Adults With Hypertension, Christine Adekemi Dokun-Mowete

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, renal malfunction, disability, and premature death. One of the public health recommendations for the management of hypertension is the reduction of sodium/salt intake. There is need to develop and implement new evidence-based theoretical interventions to initiate and sustain behavior change in health education and promotion. Therefore, the quantitative cross-sectional method and design was used to investigate the adequacy of multi-theory model (MTM) constructs for the initiation and the sustenance of low sodium/salt intake behavior in hypertensive Nigerian adults. In addition, the impact of the MTM (initiation) …

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Health Literacy, Availability, And The Need For Educational Resources On Infertility, Amber Louise Dessellier Jan 2017

Health Literacy, Availability, And The Need For Educational Resources On Infertility, Amber Louise Dessellier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a gap in infertility research regarding resource availability within rural communities, yet existing research declares infertility a public health concern. This qualitative study was grounded in the Heggerian phenomenological framework by way of assessing participants' perceptions of and experiences with infertility resources in a rural community. The purpose was to analyze the meaning of those experiences within their world. To accomplish this, Antonovsky's salutogenic theory was applied to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of infertility resources including the availability of resources, participant understanding of, and participants' experiences. Purposive sampling was used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 …

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Assessment Of Anxiety And Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment In Ghana, Kofi Adesi Kyei Jan 2017

Assessment Of Anxiety And Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment In Ghana, Kofi Adesi Kyei

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy often experience severe levels of anxiety and depression. There is a gap in the research literature from Africa, particularly from Ghana, with few studies focusing on the assessment of anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment. A better understanding was essential to promote efforts to help breast cancer patients cope with their diagnosis and treatment and increase their overall quality of life. This mixed method study examined breast cancer patients in Ghana undergoing radiotherapy and their responses related to anxiety and depression through a concurrent triangulation involving an interview with selected professional …

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Self-Reported Health Status, Perceived Risk For Developing Breast Cancer, And Mammography Screening Use, Idara Sylvanus Mcpartling Jan 2017

Self-Reported Health Status, Perceived Risk For Developing Breast Cancer, And Mammography Screening Use, Idara Sylvanus Mcpartling

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Breast cancer is a widespread public health issue in the United States which affects all women. Although mammography is a proven screening tool, screening rates vary widely. Self-reported health status may play a role in how women perceive their risks for developing breast cancer, which may affect mammography use. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to assess the association between self-reported health status and perceived risk for developing breast cancer, as well as perceived barriers towards mammography screening and use. Social action theory, which holds that social and the psychological factors influence health behaviors, served as the theoretical …

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Effect Of Home Telemonitoring On Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Among Adult Hispanics, Priscilla Liza Caban Jan 2017

Effect Of Home Telemonitoring On Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions Among Adult Hispanics, Priscilla Liza Caban

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Heart failure is ranked as one of the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among adults of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Telemonitoring, as a homecare intervention for heart failure management, has been used across all groups although the benefit for Hispanics not established. The purpose of this retrospective, quantitative study was to determine the differences in hospital readmission between Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White patients with heart failure disease who either received or did not receive home telemonitoring services from a homecare agency in Connecticut. The research questions for this study examined the effect of home …

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'Stand By Me' Designated Tobacco Areas On U.S. Military Installations, Robert Thomas Gobble Jan 2017

'Stand By Me' Designated Tobacco Areas On U.S. Military Installations, Robert Thomas Gobble

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

U.S. Air Force (USAF) active duty Airmenshowunusually high tobacco prevalence rates (TPR); i.e., smoke, smokeless, both(SSL-B), when compared to civilian publics in the United States. Tobacco control efforts have proven largely ineffective inlowering nicotine habits among Airmen, while outdoor designated tobacco areas (DTAs) sited near worksites and popular localeson USAF bases (USAFBs) likelyswayAirmen to continue riskynicotine habits. The aim of this inquiry was to assess whetherquantities of DTAs on USAFBs and U.S. airbases (USABs) with 4 mediator variables(quality of DTAs,sites of DTAs, execution of a tobacco cessation program, and types of tobacco cessation programs) wereassociated with TPR (SSL-B) among Airmen …

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Obstetric Fistula: The Experiences Of Patients And Medical Personnel In Sierra Leone, Sheku Samba Jan 2017

Obstetric Fistula: The Experiences Of Patients And Medical Personnel In Sierra Leone, Sheku Samba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Women face great risks in pregnancy and childbirth, especially in developing countries where there are very few skilled birth attendants and negligible government investments in maternal health programs. As a result, obstetric fistula (OF), a potentially fatal but preventable and treatable condition, affects some 3 million women and girls globally. In Sierra Leone, the prevalence of OF is extremely high, but the absence of quality data to inform decision-making, both on prevalence and risk factors, is a barrier to creating an environment for OF prevention and care. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and document the barriers …

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Dietary Acculturation And Obesity In African Immigrant Adults, Stella Chinyere Onuoha-Obilor Jan 2017

Dietary Acculturation And Obesity In African Immigrant Adults, Stella Chinyere Onuoha-Obilor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial/ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by obesity and other risk factors for chronic diseases. African immigrants are an increasing segment of the U.S. population at greater risk for obesity than other immigrants living in the United States. Public health organizations that aid immigrants could benefit from information about changing dietary patterns. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between dietary acculturation and obesity among African immigrant adults living in the United States, controlling for length of stay, English proficiency, region of residence, and other sociodemographic factors. Acculturation theory guided this study. The research design was quantitative cross-sectional …

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Hpv Vaccination, Sociodemographic Variables, And Physician Recommendation In Select U.S. Areas, Rebecca Marie Jungbauer Jan 2017

Hpv Vaccination, Sociodemographic Variables, And Physician Recommendation In Select U.S. Areas, Rebecca Marie Jungbauer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus, and is causally related to several cancers. HPV vaccination rates are far below HealthyPeople 2020 targets and vary across geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic populations. The purpose of this research was to test the relationships among socioeconomic and demographic variables, HPV vaccination, social vulnerability, and physician recommendation within select local areas in the United States. Fundamental cause theory and behavioral economics informed this quantitative secondary analysis of National Immunization Survey-Teen and Social Vulnerability Index data (n = 43,271). Statistical analyses included chi-square and binomial logistic regression. Teens whose mothers had less …

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The Meaning Of Feeling Fearful For New Community/Public Health Nurses, Demetrius Ann Jones Jan 2017

The Meaning Of Feeling Fearful For New Community/Public Health Nurses, Demetrius Ann Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the meaning of feeling fearful for nurses entering community/public health (C/PH) nursing. Nurses are entering the C/PH workforce with less experience and education than ever before, and may feel afraid or fearful in their jobs. Additionally, the autonomous nature of C/PH nursing poses significant challenges for this population such as fear of isolation and/ or abandonment. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explicate the meaning of feeling fearful for new C/PH health nurses. Ten nurses with up to 2 years of C/PH experience volunteered for this study. The research questions were guided by …

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Infant Mortality Among African American Women Compared To European American Women In New York City, Marian Taylor Jan 2017

Infant Mortality Among African American Women Compared To European American Women In New York City, Marian Taylor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The birth of low weight babies in the United States has not had a meaningful decline for the last 10 years.It continues to be a major predictor of fetal-infant mortality. In addition, the rate of low birth weight infants among African American women continues to be twice that of European American women. Low birth weight babies may experience breathing problems, vision problems, diabetes, hypertension, and cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to examine why the high infant mortality rate persist among the African American communities of Southeast Queens, New York City as compared to European American communities in …

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Preferences Of Women For Web-Based Nutritional Information In Pregnancy, Rachel Ak Kennedy, Laura Mullaney, C.M.E. Reynolds, Shona Cawley, Daniel Mccartney, M.J. Turner Jan 2017

Preferences Of Women For Web-Based Nutritional Information In Pregnancy, Rachel Ak Kennedy, Laura Mullaney, C.M.E. Reynolds, Shona Cawley, Daniel Mccartney, M.J. Turner

Articles

Objectives During pregnancy, women are increasingly turning to web-based resources for information. This study examined the use of web-based nutritional information by women during pregnancy and explored their preferences. Study design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods Women were enrolled at their convenience from a large maternity hospital. Clinical and sociodemographic details were collected and women's use of web-based resources was assessed using a detailed questionnaire. Results Of the 101 women, 41.6% were nulliparous and the mean age was 33.1 years (19–47 years). All women had internet access and only 3% did not own a smartphone. Women derived pregnancy-related nutritional information from …

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Socioeconomic Challenges In The Household And The Prevalence Of Comorbidity Among Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Randy Lee Perrin Jan 2017

Socioeconomic Challenges In The Household And The Prevalence Of Comorbidity Among Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Randy Lee Perrin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed childhood neurobehavioral disorder, is increasing annually at about 5% per year. ADHD has been diagnosed in approximately 6.4 billion children in the U.S., and it is estimated that 66% of those afflicted have 1 or more comorbid conditions. Children with ADHD are often from socioeconomically challenged households. What is unclear from the literature is the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), defined as education, employment, and income and the reporting of comorbidities with ADHD. The problem is that children with ADHD from low SES households may be reporting a higher prevalence of comorbid …

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Colorectal Cancer Risk And Survival In Oman, Rose Ngozi Mafiana Jan 2017

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Colorectal Cancer Risk And Survival In Oman, Rose Ngozi Mafiana

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are 2 chronic diseases with common risk factors related to physical inactivity, obesity, and diet. Literature on T2DM as a risk factor for CRC development and survival in Oman is scarce. Using de-identified archival data provided by Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) Oman, a retrospective, case-control, and time-to-event study designs were used to compare odds of developing CRC, and survival rates among adults with and without T2DM. The ecosocial theory provided the theoretical base for this research. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of developing CRC among 114 cases …

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Lived Experiences Of Individuals Quality Of Life On Prolonged Home Mechanical Ventilation, Munyaradzi Ephie Rwakonda Jan 2017

Lived Experiences Of Individuals Quality Of Life On Prolonged Home Mechanical Ventilation, Munyaradzi Ephie Rwakonda

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Improvements in technology have allowed people with tracheostomies to live at home on mechanical ventilation (HMV). Quality of life (QOL) for HMV users has been studied quantitatively, but few qualitative studies have been published. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore QOL for individuals with tracheostomies on prolonged HMV focusing on activities of daily living (ADLs) and the role of decision- making. The Roper, Logan, and Tierney activities of living theory were used to categorize activities. Ten participants, 18 years and older, with a tracheostomy and on HMV for at least 6 months were enrolled using purposive sampling. …

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Beliefs, Costs, And Policies Influencing African American Men's Decisions On Psa Screening, Mary Frances Carter Jan 2017

Beliefs, Costs, And Policies Influencing African American Men's Decisions On Psa Screening, Mary Frances Carter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the growing concerns about routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men, little is known about the societal and economic impact of screening among the African American population. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore beliefs among African American men about PSA screening, funding for screening, and the role of the United States Preventive Service Task Force in addressing the problem. Guided by rational choice theory, data collection consisted of completion of a health beliefs survey, face-to-face interviews, field notes taken during interview, and interview audio recording. The population for the study included African American men residing …

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