Public Health Commons^™

An Assessment Of Methods Of Sampling And Characterizing Engineered Nanomaterials In The Air And On Surfaces In The Workplace, Maximilien Debia, Gilles L’Espérance, Cyril Catto, Philippe Plamondon, André Dufresne, Claude Ostiguy

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La surveillance des niveaux de contamination de l’air par des nanomatériaux manufacturés (NMM) est une démarche complexe qui présente plusieurs incertitudes et limites notamment : la présence simultanée de particules de dimensions nanométriques qui ne sont pas des NMM, l’absence d’instruments validés permettant une mesure en zone respiratoire et la multiplicité des indicateurs à apprécier. Certains organismes, dont l’Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) en France et l’Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) au Québec soulignent aussi la nécessité de réaliser des prélèvements surfaciques afin d’attester la présence de dépôts …

Determinants Of Tourism And Hiv/Aids Incidence In West Java, Cecep Heriana, Rossi Suparman, Sohel Rana, Dera Sukmanawati

Kesmas

Indonesia defined as tourist destination where the international and domestic tourists enjoy the tourist attractions. Prostitution existing in tourism place may increase the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The incidence and spread of AIDS in many areas in West Java is a problem for tourism industry. These issues become acute in locations where sexual attraction is used as a determinant of tourist portability. The aim of this study was to determine relation between tourism and the incidence of HIV/AIDS in West Java. Non-reactive research design was used to collect secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016 from 26 districts/cities …

Effect Of Personal Protective Equipment During Pesticide Application To Neurological Symptoms In Farmers In Purworejo District, Indonesia, Fajaria Nurcandra, Renti Mahkota, Siddharudha Shivalli

Kesmas

Agriculture is one of major sectors of Indonesia economic source with the high volume of pesticide used. Unfortunately, adverse health effect of neurotoxic pesticide has never been reported in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during applied pesticides to neurological symptoms in farmers. This study was cross-sectionally conducted from April to May 2016 in Purworejo District. About 125 farmers were selected using purposive sampling, and restriction was applied in male farmers due to the high proportion of male sprayer. Data was collected by observation and interview. Logistic regression showed protective result of PPE used …

Food Hygiene And Sanitation In Six Food Providers At University X, South Sumatra, Yul Isnadi, Tan Malaka, Hatta Dahlan, Novrikasari Novrikasari

Kesmas

Food provider at university is one of places that needs to implement standards of food hygiene and sanitation (FHS). This study aimed to evaluate and analyze practices of FHS based on Regulation of Health Minister No. 1098 of 2003 and best practices in six food providers at University X. This study used mixed method evaluation with sequential explanatory design through two stages. Stage I was in forms of assessment on six food providers, food handlers and laboratory examination on food and beverage samples as well as on eating utensils. Stage II was in form of focus group discussion (FGD) to …

Factors Causing Contraceptive Acceptors Drop Out, Mufdlilah Mufdlilah, Kanthi Aryekti

Kesmas

Family planning program has a very strategic, comprehensive and fundamental meaning in creating a healthy and prosperous Indonesian human being. However, recently the incidence of drop out is quite high for several reasons. This study was conducted to determine the influential factors that cause acceptors to drop out. It is descriptive research. The populations in the study were contraceptive acceptors who dropped out for 3 consecutive months, and not being pregnant. The numbers of sample were 100 people. The data collection employed closed and open questionnaires; data presented in descriptive form. Influential factors of drop out contraceptive acceptors due to …

Implementation Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission Of Hiv Program In South Jakarta, Fase Badriah, Minsarnawati Tahangnacca, Raihana Alkaff, Takeru Abe, Laily Hanifah

Kesmas

Even though Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) program has been running in Indonesia since 2006, the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women remains high in some districts in Indonesia. The PMTCT program aims to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to child. Thus it requires an examination of the PMTCT program implementation. The study was a qualitative study on PMTCT program implementation in South Jakarta, Indonesia, whereas the proportion of children with HIV positive in the area was quite high. The analysis used domain analysis by looking the implementation of PMTCT as a system consisting of …

The Influence Of Exclusive Breastfeeding To Emotional Development Of Children Aged 48-60 Months, Yuni Kusmiyati, Sumarah Sumarah, Nurul Dwiawati, Hesty Widyasih, Yani Widyastuti, Khadizah Haji Abdul Mumin

Kesmas

Impaired emotional development is a problem faced by children and this can negatively impact on function, development and readiness of their school. Exclusive breastfeeding is able to meet brain development needs that affect child development. This study aimed to determine correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and emotional development of children aged 48-60 months. This study used historical cohort.The subjects of this study were 7-12-month old infants living in area of Borobudur Primary Health Care Primary Health Care, Central Java Province, Indonesia in 2011-2012. Independent variable of exclusive breastfeeding was when infants received only breast milk without any supplementary food or drink …

Larvicidal Effect Of Mixture Of Beauveria Bassiana Crude Metabolite And Chitinase Enzyme Against Aedes Aegypti Larvae, Dyah Widiastuti, Bina Ikawati, Upik Kesumawati Hadi

Kesmas

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made …

Perceived Stigma In People Affected By Leprosy In Leprosy Village Of Sinatala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia, Erni Astutik, Dwi Gayatri

Kesmas

Leprosy is a disease of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) which becomes a global problem and causes the perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy. This study aimed to determine most dominant factors affecting perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The data used was secondary data taken from cross-sectional survey of a thesis which determined factors related to perceived stigma of leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang, Indonesia. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that factors related to perceived stigma were level of …

The Ramazzini Institute 13-Week Study On Glyphosate-Based Herbicides At Human-Equivalent Dose In Sprague Dawley Rats: Study Design And First In-Life Endpoints Evaluation., Simona Panzacchi, Daniele Mandrioli, Fabiana Manservisi, Luciano Bua, Laura Falcioni, Melissa J Perry, +Several Additional Authors

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides worldwide, and glyphosate is the active ingredient of such herbicides, including the formulation known as Roundup. The massive and increasing use of GBHs results in not only the global burden of occupational exposures, but also increased exposure to the general population. The current pilot study represents the first phase of a long-term investigation of GBHs that we are conducting over the next 5 years. In this paper, we present the study design, the first evaluation of in vivo parameters and the determination of glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid …

Quels Sont Les Facilitateurs Du Maintien En Emploi En Santé Des Travailleurs Seniors Dans Un Milieu D’Éducation Au Québec?, Alessia Negrini, Marc Corbière, Jacques Perron, Julie Hupé, Jessica Dubé, Andrea Gragnano

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le pourcentage de travailleurs seniors âgés de 45 ans et plus augmente sans cesse sur le marché du travail au Québec. Dans le secteur de l’éducation, une large portion de la main-d’œuvre est âgée de 45 ans et plus (41 %) et un tiers du personnel aura quitté son poste entre 2009 et 2018 (Grenier, 2009). Des statistiques récentes montrent aussi que les lésions tant de nature physique que psychologique des travailleurs québécois du secteur de l’éducation sont souvent associées à une perte de temps indemnisée par la Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité …

Exposure Implications Of Electronic Cigarette Surface Contamination, Cheri Marcham, Evan Floyd

Publications

• Retention of nicotine on porous, hydrophilic surfaces can be long enough to allow reaction with ambient gases to form TSNAs (tobacco specific nitrosamines).

• Potential risk for third-hand exposure over time appears to be low, but should be verified by longer term studies.

• Use of ECs (electronic cigarettes) should be consistent with traditional cigarette smoking policies.

Prise En Charge De La Sst Dans Les Mines Souterraines : Témoignages De Cadres Et De Représentants Des Travailleurs : Étude Exploratoire, Élise Ledoux, Sylvie Beaugrand, Martin Chadoin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude exploratoire vise à mieux connaître les rôles des cadres et représentants des travailleurs de mines souterraines québécoises, les éléments du contexte qui peuvent agir comme leviers ou obstacles à leurs actions en SST et à amorcer des réflexions sur ce qui peut les soutenir dans leurs rôles. Cette étude s’appuie sur une exploration de la littérature et sur une analyse secondaire des données recueillies lors d’un projet de recherche portant sur les conditions d’intégration des nouveaux travailleurs dans les mines (Ledoux, Beaugrand, Jolly, Ouellet, et Fournier, 2015).

Le projet de recherche a été réalisé grâce à la …

How Policy Affects Workplace Health: A Comparison Of Workplace Health Policies Between Kentucky & Colorado, Mackenzie Pennington

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

With people spending a significant portion of their lives in the workforce, workplace health promotion programs are a growing asset in workplaces across the United States. Due to rising health care costs and an increased prevalence of chronic illnesses and diseases, workplace health promotion programs have been suggested to both reduce health care costs for employers and employees as well as curb risky behaviors that lead to chronic illnesses and diseases. In the U.S., policies have long been used to encourage behavioral change. While a significant amount of workplace health research has addressed the fact that written policies are beneficial …

Assessing The Ordinality Of Response Bias With Item Response Models: A Case Study Using The Phq-9, Venessa N. Singhroy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Improper scale usage in psychological and clinical assessment is an important problem. If respondents do not use the scales in a consistent manner, the reliability of a composite is likely to be attenuated. This is particularly problematic when particular items are singled out for special treatment or when subscales are of interest, not just a total score. This study used both non-parametric and parametric item response theory (IRT) methods to gain further insight into the validity of the PHQ-9, a dual purpose instrument that assesses the severity of depressive symptoms using nine Likert-scale items and allows the investigator to establish …

Developing Certification Exam Questions: More Deliberate Than You May Think, Cheryl (Cheri) L. Marcham, Treasa M. Turnbeaugh, Susan Gould, Joel T. Nader

Publications

For more than 40 years, the multiple-choice examination has been the standardized assessment tool used in the certification process of OSH professionals (Wright, Turnbeaugh, Weldon, et al., 2015). The use of a multiple-choice exam to award a credential, however, has been criticized by many OSH professionals. This may be primarily due to a perception that relates to their previous academic experience with multiple-choice exams and a misunderstanding of the science behind the development of such exams.

The use of standardized tests clearly ensures a consistent and rapid method of scoring, but the use of such tests is legally defensible only …

Occupational Health Challenges In Research, Anthony Blake

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Employees working in universities and hospitals are faced with common and unique health and safety challenges. Usually, the campus Department of Health and Safety is tasked with reducing employee exposure through risk assessments. Purpose: In this study, we present a unique risk assessment case study related to a research project undertaken by the campus Department of Health and Safety (DHES). This project also describes the activities done by DHES to improve campus safety. We hypothesized that carbon monoxide, particulate matter, formaldehyde, and VOCs emitted from burning wood chips in a closed laboratory space will exceed …

Hearing Conservation Program On A Campus: Worker Noise Exposure Assessment And Training, Tika Nepal

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Abstract

Introduction: Campus workers are exposed to loud noise from boilers, chillers, generators, snow blowers, leaf blowers, helicopters, utility vehicles, laboratory animals etc. No studies have looked at characterizing noise exposures among campus workers to see who needed to be enrolled in the Hearing Conservation Program (HCP).

Goal: The goal of this study was to determine which employees needed to be enrolled in a HCP.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among campus workers. We identified utility plant workers, comparative medicine workers, landscaping crew, security officers and facility staff who used utility vehicles as employees potentially exposed to …

Développement D’Un Système De Mesures Et D’Un Protocole De Mesures Permettant De Quantifier L’Exposition Physique Des Manutentionnaires, André Plamondon, Xavier Robert-Lachaîne, Christian Larue, Hakim Mecheri, Denys Denis, Alain Delisle, Philippe Corbeil

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’objectif principal de ce projet était de combiner différents senseurs et instruments pour expérimenter, en laboratoire et sur le terrain, un système de mesures permettant d’estimer quantitativement l’exposition physique des manutentionnaires. Ce type de système pourrait éventuellement servir à évaluer objectivement l’efficacité d’approches de prévention. Un second objectif consistait à mettre au point une stratégie d’échantillonnage pour optimiser la mesure de l’exposition physique de manutentionnaires sur le terrain. Des auteurs ont fréquemment souligné des lacunes dans la manière d’échantillonner les données ce qui a peut-être contribué à affaiblir les études portant sur les relations entre l’exposition physique …

Nanoparticle Penetration Of Respirator Masks At Construction Sites, Jefferson W. Doehling

Honors College Theses

This experimental investigation studies the effectiveness of N95 respirators at blocking particles between 11.5 and 154 nm in diameter during 4 different construction activities. It is well known that large amounts of dust and debris are generated during construction activities. New research has found that significantly more nanoparticles are generated during construction activities than previously thought. Consequently, the N95 respirators commonly worn to protect against these particles are only rated to block 95% particles larger than 0.3 microns in size. In this investigation, two respirator models were tested, a NIOSH TC-84A-0007 pleated N95 respirator and a NIOSH 42CFR84 foldable N95 …

Critères D’Aménagement Sécuritaire Et Ergonomique Des Postes De Haleur Et De Support À Casiers Des Homardiers Du Québec, Francis Coulombe, Sylvie Montreuil, Jean-Guy Richard, Michel Tremblay

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La pratique de la pêche commerciale est reconnue comme l’un des métiers les plus dangereux à l’échelle mondiale. Entre 2012 et 2014, elle a fait l’objet de deux projets de recherche qui ont été réalisés en Gaspésie et aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine. Le premier visait à analyser les activités de travail et les risques de chute par-dessus bord des homardiers ainsi que leurs déterminants, tandis que le deuxième consistait en l’étude des aménagements aux postes de travail « haleur et support à casiers ». La présente recherche découle de ces projets et porte sur l’amélioration de l’ergonomie et de la sécurité de …

Assessment Of Ergonomics In Indian Dental Practice: A Workplace Analysis, Divya Gadde

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Dental practice requires unique working conditions such as prolonged working hours, strained body postures and laborious, high finesse dental techniques. However, it can be more efficiently performed by the application of ergonomics, rather than physically forcing the worker's body to fit the job. Posture is highly influenced by factors such as inadequate working level, incorrect patient positioning, and poor visual comfort. In order to eliminate musculoskeletal disorders it is necessary to control these and other factors, and design the human work environment to be more ergonomic. The aim of this study was to assess ergonomics within Indian dental practice and …

(Video) Dirty Cotton: Occupational Pesticide Exposure And Elevated Suicide Risk Among Male Cotton Farmers In India, Bethany Natalia Kondavaty

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Purpose: The aim of this critical analysis was to examine the association (or lack thereof) of occupational pesticide exposure and elevated suicide risk among male cotton farmers in India.

Methods: A literature review was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The review included documents published before and after year 2002. Children were excluded from the search as well as women, with exception to research on gender differences in suicide.

Results: Studies outside India show a positive correlation between work-related pesticide exposure and suicide. Animal studies have shown that pesticides, as organophosphates, are toxic, …

Occupational Exposure To Solvents And Associated Neurotoxicity In Construction Painters: A Systematic Review, Allison Cailliau

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background

Existing evidence suggests that occupational exposure to solvents can have devastating and adverse effects on cognitive function. Individuals in the construction industry, specifically construction painters, often come in contact with these harmful chemicals on a regular basis. A solvent is a liquid that can dissolve, suspend, or extract other materials without chemical change to the solvent itself. They are present in a wide range of industries and can be used for extraction of fats and oils, degreasing, or manufacturing of paints and plastics. Their main routes of exposure are through inhalation and skin absorption, and they have a tendency …

Occupational Exposure To Organophosphate Pesticides And Its Effects On Human Sperm Parameters: A Systematic Review, Roxana E. Amaya-Fuentes, Melissa J. Perry

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background

Previous research has indicated there is a decrease in sperm quality in the last 40 years. There have been a few reports that have associated occupational exposure to Organophosphate pesticides with a decrease in sperm count, abnormalities in the head or tail, and motility leading to infertility over time. Organophosphates are the most common pesticides used in the United States and have been classified as toxic to bees, wildlife, and humans by the EPA even at low exposures. Furthermore, Organophosphates are considered endocrine disrupting chemicals altering the normal function of the endocrine system. This occurs by interfering with the …

Does Occupational Exposure To Swine Increase The Risk Of Influenza? A Systematic Literature Review, Courtney Youngbar, Lance Price

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background Workers who have an occupational exposure to swine may have an increased risk of influenza infection.

Objective We conducted a systematic review regarding occupational exposure to swine and influenza infection in humans.

Methods We searched articles published within the past ten years at the time of writing, and included original studies that quantified exposures to swine and resulting influenza infections in swine farm workers, including veterinarians. We evaluated the risk of bias of individual studies and the overall quality and strength of the evidence according to the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. We …

Systematic Literature Review Of Indoor School Exposure To Pm2.5 In Children, Brittany Wagner, Ami Zota

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that puts a strain on lung function and breathing. It is the leading cause of school absenteeism and hospitalization for American children. Genetics play a major role in allergy related disease development such as asthma, but environmental exposures are proving to be a potential contributor to childhood asthma. Despite the sufficient data regarding air pollution, there is a huge knowledge gap regarding indoor air quality and its relationship with health outcomes such as asthma. Many of the studies available only look at outdoor air pollution levels, while children spend the majority of their time …

Radiological Decontamination In The Urban Environment Utilizing An Irreversible Wash-Aid Recovery System, Keith A. Sanders

Theses and Dissertations

The radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors accident and the ongoing threat of nuclear or radioactive terrorism have forced the need for urban radiological decontamination into the forefront. Many of the established decontamination techniques are not ideally suited for the urban milieu. One of the keys to maximize the effectiveness of long-term remediation and recovery in the urban environment is immediate mitigation within a few days of the incident and before a rain event. The Integrated Wash-Aid, Treatment, and Emergency Reuse System (IWATERS) provides a potentially safe and effective method for early responders and remediation teams to perform …

Combining Community Engagement And Scientific Approaches In Next-Generation Monitor Siting: The Case Of The Imperial County Community Air Network., Michelle Wong, Esther Bejarano, Graeme Carvlin, Katie Fellows, Galatea King, Humberto Lugo, Michael Jerrett, Dan Meltzer, Amanda Northcross, Luis Olmedo, Edmund Seto, Alexa Wilkie, Paul English

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Air pollution continues to be a global public health threat, and the expanding availability of small, low-cost air sensors has led to increased interest in both personal and crowd-sourced air monitoring. However, to date, few low-cost air monitoring networks have been developed with the scientific rigor or continuity needed to conduct public health surveillance and inform policy. In Imperial County, California, near the U.S./Mexico border, we used a collaborative, community-engaged process to develop a community air monitoring network that attains the scientific rigor required for research, while also achieving community priorities. By engaging community residents in the project design, monitor …

Occupational Noise Dose Reduction Via Behavior Modification Using In-Ear Dosimetry Among Usaf Personnel Exposed To Continuous Impulse Noise, Jesse A. Trawick

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of in-ear noise dosimetry and worker feedback to reduce noise exposures among combat arms instructors and heavy equipment operators in the Air Force. Specifically, this thesis sought to determine how effectively hearing protection devices (HPDs) are being utilized currently, and whether providing at-ear noise exposure data to workers results in reduced noise exposures or changes in worker attitude. These questions were addressed by performing a six-month field study using dosimeters to record worker noise exposures under HPDs. Subjects served as their own control, receiving feedback in only the latter half …