Public Health Commons^™

Identifying What Matters To Hysterectomy Patients: Postsurgery Perceptions, Beliefs, And Experiences, Andrew S. Bossick, Roopina Sangha, Heather Olden, Gwen L. Alexander, Ganesa Wegienka

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Hysterectomy is the most common nonobstetrical surgery for women in the United States. Few investigations comparing hysterectomy surgical approaches include patient-centered outcomes.

Methods: The study was performed at Henry Ford Health System (Detroit, MI) between February 2015 and May 2015. A total of 1,038 eligible women — those 18 to 65 years of age and who had an electronic medical record-documented Current Procedural Terminology (CPT^®) code or an International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) code of hysterectomy between December 2012 and December 2014 — were selected and recruited. A question guide was developed to investigate …

Uncertainty And Competing Priorities In Shared Clinical Decision-Making, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

In this issue introduction, the editor-in-chief of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews observes that a connecting thread among the articles published therein is an element of uncertainty among patients and clinicians. Competing priorities for the patient also may be present. Several approaches to overcoming these prevalent conflicts to delivery of better health care have been proposed, the most important of which may be clinicians embracing a will to practice shared decision-making.

A Global Health Research Checklist For Clinicians., Rasha D Sawaya, Kristen A Breslin, Eiman Abdulrahman, Jennifer I Chapman, Dafina M Good, Lili Moran, Paul C Mullan, Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Global health research has become a priority in most international medical projects. However, it is a difficult endeavor, especially for a busy clinician. Navigating the ethics, methods, and local partnerships is essential yet daunting.To date, there are no guidelines published to help clinicians initiate and complete successful global health research projects. This Global Health Research Checklist was developed to be used by clinicians or other health professionals for developing, implementing, and completing a successful research project in an international and often low-resource setting. It consists of five sections: Objective, Methodology, Institutional Review Board and Ethics, Culture and partnerships, and Logistics. …

Markers Of Cardiometabolic Risk And Thyroid Dysfunction In U.S. Adolescents: Nhanes Iii, Jonathan Austin

Theses and Dissertations

The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated components (high fasting glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, and low HDL) have increased over the past few decades. In addition, abnormal thyroid hormone levels have been found to manifest in a cascade of metabolic dysfunction, which may be linked to MetS in youth. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between MetS, its components, and markers of thyroid function in a nationally-representative sample of adolescents. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) collected data on the components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid …

Geospatial Inequalities And Determinants Of Nutritional Status Among Women And Children In Afghanistan: An Observational Study, Nadia Akseer, Zaid Ahmad Bhatti, Taufiq Mashal, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Rahim Moineddin, Robert E Black Md, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Undernutrition is a pervasive condition in Afghanistan, and prevalence is among the highest in the world. We aimed to comprehensively assess district-level geographical disparities and determinants of nutritional status (stunting, wasting, or underweight) among women and children in Afghanistan.
Methods: The study used individualised data from the recent Afghanistan National Nutrition Survey 2013. Outcome variables were based on growth and weight anthropometry data, which we analysed linearly as Z scores and as dichotomous categories. We analysed data from a total of almost 14 000 index mother–child pairs using Bayesian spatial and generalised least squares regression models accounting for the …

Seroprevalence Of Anti-Polio Antibodies In Children From Polio High Risk Area Of Afghanistan: A Cross Sectional Survey 2017, Imtiaz Hussain, Ondrej Mach, Nasir A. Hamid, Zaid Bhatti, Deborah D. Moore, Shahid Khan, Hasan Khan, William C. Weldon, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Afghanistan is one of the remaining wild-poliovirus (WPV) endemic countries. We conducted a seroprevalence survey of anti-poliovirus antibodies in Kandahar Province.
Methods: Children in two age groups (6–11 months and 36–48 months) visiting Mirwais hospital in Kandahar for minor ailments unrelated to polio were enrolled. After obtaining informed consent, we collected venous blood and conducted neutralization assay to detect poliovirus neutralizing antibodies.
Results: A total of 420 children were enrolled and 409/420 (97%) were analysed. Seroprevalence to poliovirus type 1 (PV1) was 97% and 100% in the younger and older age groups respectively; it was 71% and 91% for …

Effects On Recovery And Neuroplasticity In Brain Injury Patients, Rebekkah Mclellan

Student Scholar Showcase

Abstract

According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.7 million people sustain a Traumatic Brain Injury each year, making the topic of brain plasticity and patient recovery an important area of study. An added element is understanding whether biological, social, and environmental factors can impact the recovery and plasticity of the patient’s brain.The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate if the environment surrounding an individual who has sustained a brain injury affects their recovery and neuroplasticity. The databases used for the scope of this review included LC OneSearch, Medline, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Keywords included brain injury, …

Involuntary Sterilization Among Hiv-Positive Garifuna Women From Honduras Seeking Asylum In The United States: Two Case Reports, Holly G. Atkinson, Deborah Ottenheimer

Publications and Research

Voluntary sterilization is one of the most widely used forms of contraception by women worldwide; however, involuntary sterilization is considered a violation of multiple human rights and grounds for asylum in the United States. Women have been disproportionately affected by this practice. We report two cases of involuntary sterilization in HIV-positive Garifuna women from Honduras who sought asylum in America and were medically evaluated at the request of their attorneys. Key lessons can be drawn from these cases with regard to the importance of medical evaluations in establishing persecution. These include the need for a detailed account of the events …

Abstracts From The 24th Annual Health Care Systems Research Network Conference, April 11–13, 2018, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Founded in 1994, the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) is a consortium of 18 research centers that are housed in community-based health systems. The organization's annual conference serves as a venue for research teams to disseminate scientific findings, stimulate new collaborations, and share insights about conducting research in real-world care-delivery settings. Abstracts accepted for presentation at HCSRN 2018 are published within this supplement of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews.

Perceptions As A Barrier To Emergency Medical Services Utilization Among Syrian Refugees In Jordan, Elizabeth Shan Wang

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this study is to evaluate perceptions of emergency medical services (EMS) among Syrian refugees living in urban host communities in Jordan. The research questions are as follows: To what extent do public perceptions of emergency medical services affect the utilization of ambulances? How does awareness about available emergency medical services shape refugees’ attitudes towards it? Because this topic is qualitative and exploratory in the case of Jordan, there was no clear hypothesis. The assumption, however, is that positive perceptions and awareness about EMS can encourage refugees to call an ambulance for transportation to the hospital during a …

Shigellosis And Giardiasis Among People Living With Hiv In Washington, Dc, 2012-2016, Kimesha Linton, Kerri Dorsey, Sasha Mcgee, Preetha Iyengar, Garret Lum, Rupali Doshi

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Shigellosis and giardiasis are transmitted via food, water, and fecal-oral contact. CDC has recently reported increased shigellosis among men who have sex with men (MSM) and among people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly stage 3. Our goal was to characterize the incidence and risk factors associated with shigellosis and giardiasis among PLWH in Washington, DC, in an era of robust availability of antiretroviral treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of HIV, shigellosis and giardiasis cases reported to the District of Columbia Department of Health from 2012 to 2016. We used LinkPlus to probabilistically match individuals with reported …

(Video) Outreach Services To Treat Women Living With Obstetric Fistula: A Systematic Review, Pauline Pamela Pratt, Rashida Muhammad

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Obstetric fistula is a condition experienced by women who because of prolonged labor become incontinent forming one or more holes in between the rectum and the vagina or the vagina and the bladder (Heller, A., 2017). The hole causes uncontrollable stool and urine to leak from the woman. For most women with obstetric fistula, the duration of the labor leading to fistula varied between 5 hours and 9 days, averaging 3.0 days long (Heller, A., 2017). Women who suffer from this from this condition are do not have access to quality medical care. While prevention is the priority and …

An Assessment Of Cultural Perceptions And Recognition Of Ebola Virus Disease, And Its Correlation With Traditional Burial Practice In Rural Guinea, Chulwoo Park, Amira Roess, Sally Lahm, Mamadou Kally Bah, Mohamed Campel Camara, John Sandberg

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background:

In the midst of the unprecedented Ebola outbreak in West Africa during 2014-2016, the humanitarian response to control the disease was hampered in part because there was a limited understanding of local traditional rituals or indigenous medicine (ethnomedicine) on the part of the responders. The Ebola outbreak claimed 11,310 lives, more than all other outbreaks combined. West African burial funeral ceremonies and surrounding rituals may have hindered interventions that included the forceful removal of the sick or dead from the community.

Objective:

Our objective was to understand transmission associated with traditional burial practices in rural Guinea. Through the lens …

Disparities In Diabetes Rates And Quality Of Care Within Immigrants In The Usa, Anyun Chatterjee, Martin Blanco, George Gray

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Immigrants to the USA present an interesting opportunity to test the classical public health question of the impact of place on a health outcome. Diabetes is a prevalent disease in the USA which is slated to rise in rate in the future. Currently, 9.4% of the country is diabetic, and another 28% of the country is prediabetic. We posed the question - is this impact felt disproportionately by immigrants as they live in the US for a decade or more? Our preliminary literature search indicated that this has not been studied extensively, although the impact of American fast food on …

Stress Of Infertility: Can The Couple Cope?, Faiza Alam, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Analyzing The Differentiation Among State Medical Marijuana Policies By Examining State Policies & Trends, Richard Furlong

Political Science Theses and Capstones

Support for marijuana has been growing nationwide. This increased support has gained a lot of momentum since the late 1990s when California became the first state to legalize marijuana for medical use by enacting Proposition 215, or the Compassionate Use Act. Since the enactment of Proposition 215, 28 more states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for medicinal use. I look into why states have begun to adopt these laws, and what makes these states differ throughout the country in the timeliness of their actions. I assembled data to examine a variety of state policies to attempt to …

Cancer Screening Practices Among Sexual Orientation Groups, Scott Kilgore, Dnp, Msn, Bs, Rn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background: Increasing cancer screening testing is a national health initiative to decrease the mortality rates of all Americans; however, cancer screening practices among sexual minorities have been understudied.

Objectives: To assess and compare breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer screening practices among straight, lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was conducted using data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Respondents who answered questions about their cancer screening practices and sexual orientation were included.

Results: This study identified disparities in breast cancer screening practices with bisexual women (81.9%) meeting …

Lung Cancer Screening Provider Survey, Lindsay Mcfarren

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The purpose of this capstone project is to evaluate provider knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around lung cancer screening in Maine. To evaluate these elements, a survey will be developed and administered to primary care physicians in Maine through three physician specialty societies. The survey will be developed keeping existing literature and previous studies of a similar nature in mind. This survey is being developed in collaboration with the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), a branch of Maine Medical Center Research Institute. The Evidence- Based Public Health Framework will be used to outline and ground this capstone project.

Pediatric Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus: Examining The Upward Trend, Allison Foering

Senior Honors Theses

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in pediatric onset of type II diabetes. This paper will examine elements contributing to this trend. Type II diabetes will be discussed, including related pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnosis, and complications, with differentiation between adult and pediatric onset. Possible prevention and treatment methods appropriate for pediatric patients will also be discussed, along with possible outcomes in pediatric patients that could result from this disease. Overall, this paper will provide insight on the causes of this growing trend, and ways to improve the risks imposed on pediatric patients.

Public Hospitals Matter, Herbert L Fred

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Recent events in this country pose major concerns. Police shoot unarmed blacks, gun-wielding malcontents ambush policemen, white supremacists march, gays are murdered, gender inequality pervades our workforce, and sexual harassment and abuse are surfacing in many segments of our society. In reaction, various social movements have sprung up, including Black Lives Matter, White Lives Matter, Blue Lives (policemen) Matter, Gay Lives Matter, Girls for Gender Equity (GGE), #MeToo, and Time's Up. To that list, I add another battle cry: Public Hospitals Matter.

We Are The Medicine, Madalynn Wendland, Toni Speed

Interprofessional Education

We are all healers— to ourselves, each other and the world around us. Whether you are on the path of becoming a health professional, or have been in practice for a long time, this half-day workshop will help you to view healing from a holistic perspective that draws from the ancient traditions while respecting contemporary science.

Utilization Of Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission (Pmtct) Services Among Pregnant Women In Hiv Care In Uganda: A 24-Month Cohort Of Women From Pre-Conception To Post-Delivery., Rhoda K Wanyenze, Kathy Goggin, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Deborah Mindry, Josephine Birungi, Mahlet Woldetsadik, Glenn J Wagner

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in a cohort of HIV infected women in care at The AIDS Support Organization Jinja and Kampala in Uganda, who were trying to conceive, over a period of 24 months, to inform the strengthening of PMTCT service access for women in care.

RESULTS: Of the 299 women 127 (42.5%) reported at least one pregnancy within 24 months; 61 women (48.0%) delivered a live child. Of the 55 who had a live birth at the first pregnancy, 54 (98.2%) used antenatal care (ANC) starting at 15.5 weeks of gestation …

Supervising Ebt: What Content Do Workplace-Based Supervisors Cover And What Techniques Do They Use?, Shannon Dorsey, Michael D Pullmann, Suzanne E.U. Kerns, Esther Deblinger, Leah Lucid, Julie P Harrison, Kelly Thompson, Lucy Berliner

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Workplace-based clinical supervision in public mental health is an underutilized resource for supporting evidence- based treatments (EBTs) [1], despite the fact that supervisors may offer a cost-effective way to support clinician fidelity to EBT. Very little, however, is known about the content and techniques used by workplace-based supervisors [2]; particularly in the context of EBT implementation [3].

Non-Retrieval Of Inferior Vena Cava Filters As A Patient Safety Concern: Evaluation Of A New Process Improvement Project To Increase Retrieval Rates In A Vascular And Interventional Radiology Clinic, Joshua Brown, Jeffery Talbert, Ryan Pennington, Qiong Han, Driss Raissi

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background: Retrieval of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) is important to decrease the long-term risk of complications associated with indwelling devices. Our hospital experienced low retrieval rates and implemented a low-cost intervention and evaluation for quality improvement. The working hypothesis was that a simple, mailed letter intervention could increase retrieval rates by increasing patient and primary care provider knowledge of the need for retrieval.

Methods: For all prospective patients who received a retrievable IVCF during the intervention period from January 1, 2014 to February 29, 2016, patients and their primary care providers were mailed letters encouraging contact with the clinic …

Evaluation Of Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak Response Options: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Karachi, Pakistan, Ali Faisal Saleem Dr, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Ondrej Mach, Asia Khan, Farheen Quadri, William C. Weldon, M. Steven Oberste, Syed S. Zaidi, Muhammad M. Alam, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Outbreaks of circulating vaccine derived polioviruses type 2 (cVDPV2) remain a risk to poliovirus eradication in an era without live poliovirus vaccine containing type 2 in routine immunization. We evaluated existing outbreak response strategies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for control of cVDPV2 outbreaks.
Methods: Seronegative children for poliovirus type 2 (PV2) at 22 weeks of life were assigned to one of four study groups and received respectively (1) one dose of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV); (2) monovalent OPV 2 (mOPV2); (3) tOPV together with a dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV); or (4) mOPV2 with …

Head Injury Risk And Car Seat Use For Children In Collisions, Peyton A. Schroeder, M.J. Skhurm, D. Fraser, K. Mcclafferty

Western Research Forum

Background: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the leading cause of death for people under the age of 17 years. Almost 80% of rear seat motor vehicle passengers are children. Previous studies have shown that a large fraction of injuries to children in MVCs involved the head and chest. In this study, the hypothesis that children under the age of eight using a forward-facing child restraint system (FFCRS) will have more severe head injuries than children using any other type of restraints in an MVC was tested.

Methods: Several datasets obtained from Transport Canada and Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centre emergency …

Women's Experiences Of Mistreatment During Childbirth: A Comparative View Of Home- And Facility-Based Births In Pakistan, Waqas Hameed, Bilal Iqbal Avan

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Respectful and dignified healthcare is a fundamental right for every woman. However, many women seeking childbirth services, especially those in low-income countries such as Pakistan, are mistreated by their birth attendants. The aim of this epidemiological study was to estimate the prevalence of mistreatment and types of mistreatment among women giving birth in facility- and home-based settings in Pakistan in order to address the lack of empirical evidence on this topic. The study also examined the association between demographics (socio-demographic, reproductive history and empowerment status) and mistreatment, both in general and according to birth setting (whether home- or facility-based). …

Biomarker And Clinical Trial Design Support For Disease-Modifying Therapies: Report Of A Survey Of The Eu/Us: Alzheimer's Disease Task Force, Jeffrey Cummings, Nick Fox, Bruno Vellas, Paul Aisen, Guogen Shan

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

BACKGROUND: Disease-modifying therapies are urgently needed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The European Union/United States (EU/US) Task Force represents a broad range of stakeholders including biopharma industry personnel, academicians, and regulatory authorities. OBJECTIVES: The EU/US Task Force represents a community of knowledgeable individuals who can inform views of evidence supporting disease modification and the development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). We queried their attitudes toward clinical trial design and biomarkers in support of DMTs. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIANTS: A survey of members of the EU/US Alzheimer’s Disease Task Force was conducted. Ninety-three members (87%) responded. The details were analyzed to understand what …

Premenstrual Syndrome: Existence, Knowledge, And Attitude Among Female University Students In Karachi, Aleena Mohib, Amara Zafar, Areeba Najam, Hafsa Tanveer, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence, knowledge, and the attitude of female students towards premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three universities in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 448 female students participated in the study. The clinical criterion of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) for PMS was used to assess the prevalence of PMS in the participants. The questionnaire was set in four parts, one each to assess the knowledge, the attitude, and practices regarding PMS and one to assess the gap between self-perceived PMS and actual PMS. Data …

Partnership Between Islam And Palliative Care At Swedish Health Services, Hodo Mohamud, Renee Rassilyer-Bomers, Samantha Bohn, Greg Malone, Hilaire Thompson (Faculty Capstone Project Committee Chair), Eeeseung Byun (Committee Member), Margaret Heitkemper (Committee Member)

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The spiritual practice of Islam is considered one of the three major monotheistic religions. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.6 billion followers; about 3.5 million of those live in the U.S.1 The number of Muslims in the U.S. is projected to double by 2030.1 Additionally, the number of adults age 65 and older in the U.S. is projected to double from 46 million today to over 98 million by 2060.2 As the U.S. population ages, many healthcare workers are often too overwhelmed to handle the varying and intricate social, economic, familial, spiritual, and cultural needs …