Public Health Commons^™

Reducing Barriers To Accessing Fistula Repair: Implementation Research In Uganda, Justus Barageine, Charity Ndwiga, Hassan Kanakulya, Pooja Sripad

Reproductive Health

The Population Council, in collaboration with Fistula Care Plus and EngenderHealth, conducted implementation research to understand whether a comprehensive information, screening, and referral intervention reduces transportation, communication, and financial barriers to accessing fistula screening, diagnosis, and treatment in Uganda. Following a baseline assessment, researchers implemented a multi-pronged intervention utilizing a mobile hotline, transport voucher, and mass media tools to increase community awareness. This brief provides key messages and recommendations for overcoming barriers hindering access to fistula care services. Health systems and external stakeholder support are essential for sustaining trends.

Training As An Intervention To Decrease Medical Record Abstraction Errors Multicenter Studies., Meredith Nahm Zozus, Leslie W. Young, Alan E. Simon, Maryam Garza, Lora Lawrence, Songthip T. Ounpraseuth, Megan Bledsoe, Sarah Newman-Norlund, J Dean Jarvis, Mary Mcnally, Kimberly R. Harris, Russell Mcculloh, Rachel Aikman, Sara Cox, Lacy Malloch, Anita Walden, Jessica Snowden, Irene Mangan Chedjieu, Chester A. Wicker, Lauren Atkins, Lori A. Devlin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Studies often rely on medical record abstraction as a major source of data. However, data quality from medical record abstraction has long been questioned. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) potentially add variability to the abstraction process due to the complexity of navigating and locating study data within these systems. We report training for and initial quality assessment of medical record abstraction for a clinical study conducted by the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network (NRN) using medical record abstraction as the primary data …

The Children's Oncology Group: Organizational Structure, Membership, And Institutional Characteristics., Janice S. Withycombe, Todd A. Alonzo, Michele A. Wilkins-Sanchez, Maxine Hetherington, Peter C. Adamson, Wendy Landier

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is the only organization within the National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network dedicated exclusively to pediatric cancer research. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of COG's organizational structure, to characterize its institutional and individual membership, and to summarize enrollments onto COG clinical trials.

METHOD: Data from 2013 to 2015 were compiled from sources internal (Network Operations, Statistics and Data Center, Chair's Office) and external (American Hospital Association, American Nurses Credentialing Center) to COG, to present a comprehensive overview of COG's structure, individual and institutional membership, and group operations.

RESULTS: …

Drivers Of International Variation In Prevalence Of Disabling Low Back Pain: Findings From The Cultural And Psychosocial Influences On Disability Study, David Coggon, Georgia Ntani, Keith T. Palmer, Vanda E. Felli, Florencia Harari, Leonardo A. Quintana, Sarah A. Felknor, Marianela Rojas, Anna Cattrell, Muhammad Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Background: Wide international variation in the prevalence of disabling low back pain (LBP) among working populations is not explained by known risk factors. It would be useful to know whether the drivers of this variation are specific to the spine or factors that predispose to musculoskeletal pain more generally.
Methods: Baseline information about musculoskeletal pain and risk factors was elicited from 11 710 participants aged 20-59 years, who were sampled from 45 occupational groups in 18 countries. Wider propensity to pain was characterized by the number of anatomical sites outside the low back that had been painful in …

The Influence Of Obstetrician And Gynecologists' Avoidance Behaviors On Maternal Morbidities, Nakisha Rene'e Boulware

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of maternal morbidities continues to increase in U.S. women of lower socioeconomic status and non-Hispanic Black women despite the efforts of health care practitioners to reduce the disparities. Two decades of research has shown that physicians avoid patients based on insurance and socioeconomic status or their malpractice history. Reducing maternal illness and complications is one of the federal government's top 10 maternal health indicators in the Healthy People 2020 initiative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of malpractice allegations on patients at high-risk for maternal morbidity. Supported by the theoretical foundation of human factor …

Clinic-Based Delivery Of The Young Men’S Health Project (Ymhp) Targeting Hiv Risk Reduction And Substance Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol For A Type 2, Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Trial, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Tyrel Starks, Sitaji Gurung, Demetria Cain, Jonathan Marmo, Sylvie Naar

Publications and Research

Background: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are disproportionately at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Adapting and testing the effectiveness of the Young Men’s Health Project (YMHP), an efficacious intervention designed to reduce substance use and condomless anal sex (CAS) among YMSM, at clinics in Miami, Detroit, and Philadelphia has the potential to reduce HIV and STI disparities among urban YMSM.

Objective: This study (Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions [ATN] 145 YMHP) aims to adapt YMHP for clinic and remote delivery by existing clinic staff and compare their effectiveness in real-world adolescent HIV clinics. …

Kangaroo Mother Care And Traditional Care, Arianna Smola, Kirsten Lawson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Prematurity and low birth weight are leading causes of infant death. Throughout recent years care methods for this population have evolved from incubator care to Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the following PICO question: in the case of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants, how does the technique of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) compare to traditional incubator use, regarding long and short-term outcomes of preterm and LBW infant recovery. Methods of this study included the selection of twenty peer-reviewed articles that studied the effect of incubators and KMC on premature and …

Sawubona From Swaziland! A Global Health View Of The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Swaziland, Abby Hardin

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience with Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative in Swaziland.

Swaziland Global Health Elective, Danielle Horton

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience

Global Health Rotation Caring For Children With Medical Complexity In Russia, Irina G. Trifonova

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience in which a Russian-trained pediatrician completed a fellowship at Children's Mercy Kansas City and spent time at the City Children's Hospital #3 in Cheboksary, Russia to compare care models for children with medical complexity in Russia and the USA.

Global Health Experience In Botswana, Jared Willard

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience at the Botswana Baylor Center of Excellence with emphasis on treating pediatric HIV/AIDS patients.

Association Of Food Deserts And Pediatric Hospitalization Rates, Laura Plencner, Matthew Hall, Molly Krager, Henry T. Puls, Jessica L. Markham, Ellen Kerns, Jessica L. Bettenhausen

Posters

Retrospective cross-sectional study describes differences in hospitalization rates for children based upon their residence within a food desert and describes any differences among reasons for hospitalization.

Determining The Instructional Effectiveness Of An Online Resident Vaccine Curriculum, S. Elizabeth Williams, Shannon Clark, Barbara A. Pahud, Sharon Humiston, Donald Middleton, Kadriye O. Lewis

Posters

We developed four online modules through the Collaboration for Vaccine Education and Research (CoVER) project. The objective of this qualitative study is to determine the instructional effectiveness of the CoVER curriculum from the perspectives of medical residents.

"Sterile Cockpit": How Utilizing Aviation Regulations Can Reduce Errors In Ecmo Procedures, Sarah P. Jimenez, Johanna I. Orrick, Kari L. Davidson, Debra E. Newton

Posters

The "Sterile Cockpit Rule," developed in 1981 as an aviation regulation, was adapted by the ECMO core team to promote a distraction-free environment during critical ECMO procedures. Upon review of the data including tracking of interruptions, errors, and staff experience, it is evident that the concept of Sterile Cockpit has streamlined procedure efficiency, as well as safety.

Global Health Experience In The Philippines, Nina Zanaboni

Posters

Describes experiences working in the Dr. Joe Fabella Memorial Hospital NICU and Philippine Children's Medical Center ER.

Philippine Children's Medical Center And Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital, Adam Grumke

Posters

Describes medical learning experiences of pediatric resident while working in two Philippine medical facilities.

Gastroenterology Elective In The Philippines, Katie Black, Jennifer Watts

Posters

Recounts learning experiences while working at the Philippines Children's Medical Center in Manila.

Global Health Elective: Trujillo, Peru, Naseem Nikaeen

Posters

Describes pediatric resident's learning experiences to provide better medical care in low resource environments.

Global Health Elective In Rural Guatemala, Kendall Burns

Posters

Describes pediatric resident's experience learning to translate evidence based medicine to resource-limited areas in rural Guatemala.

Chenla Children's Healthcare In Kratie, Cambodia, Clayton Mowrer

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience in Kratie, Cambodia.

The Effect Of Narrative Medicine Combined With Medication Assisted Treatment On Decreasing The Desire To Use Intravenous Substances In Hospitalized Patients With Infective Endocarditis, Paula Works

DNP Projects

Substance abuse is a significant problem that spans the nation. Of particular concern is the growing population of patients at UK HealthCare who have endocarditis as a complication from IV substance abuse.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were

1. To assess the effect of narrative medicine combined with MAT, compared to MAT alone, on desire to use in hospitalized patients with a history of IV substance use
2. To examine the changes in quality of life before and after the introduction of narrative medicine in hospitalized patients with a history of IV substance abuse using The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). …

The Maternal Health Behaviours Of Non-Irish Nationals During Pregnancy And The Effect Of Time Living In Ireland, R. Palmer, R. Layte, John Kearney

Articles

Objectives Maternal health behaviours (MHBs) can influence pregnancy outcomes. Despite efforts internationally to encourage positive MHBs, women often fail to comply with pregnancy guidelines. International studies show differences in MHBs between nationalities and an effect of time spent in the host country. There is limited Irish data in this area, with no previous research relating to the effect of time in Ireland.

Study design This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Growing Up in Ireland infant cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal study. Methods Examination of the MHBs of non-Irish nationals during pregnancy and the effect of time in Ireland …

A Systematic Review Of Observational Studies, Demonstrating Smoking Among School Going Adolescents, Shafquat Rozi, Gillian Lancaster, Sadia Mahmud, Zahid Ahmad Butt, Talat Roome, Nida Zahid

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To characterize the methods of design and analysis currently adopted in survey research of school-based observational studies for smoking, and to identify the common pitfalls made by researchers.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in 2009 and consisted of observational studies in school settings published between January 2005 and January 2009. Smoking status was the main outcome of interest. Following Cochrane style, five steps were followed: setting selection criteria for studies and conducting a literature search; review of abstracts; review of complete articles; data extraction and quality assessment of included studies; and, finally, synthesis of studies.
Results: Of the …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges To Clinical Application, Henry Caplan, Scott D Olson, Akshita Kumar, Mitchell George, Karthik S Prabhakara, Pamela Wenzel, Supinder Bedi, Naama E Toledano-Furman, Fabio Triolo, Julian Kamhieh-Milz, Guido Moll, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of in vitro models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel …

Patient-Centered Medical Homes In Community Oncology Practices: Changes In Spending And Care Quality Associated With The Come Home Experience, Teresa M. Waters, Cameron M. Kaplan, Ilana Graetz, Mary M. Price, Laura A. Stevens, Barbara L. Mcaneny

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

PURPOSE:

We examined whether the Community Oncology Medical Home (COME HOME) program, a medical home program implemented in seven community oncology practices, was associated with changes in spending and care quality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We compared outcomes from elderly fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 with breast, lung, colorectal, thyroid, or pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, or melanoma and served by COME HOME practices before and after program implementation versus similar beneficiaries served by other geographically proximate oncologists. Difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in outcomes for COME HOME patients versus concurrent controls. Propensity score matching and regression methods were adjusted for …

Motivational Interviewing In A Team-Based Wellness Clinic: Perceptions And Fidelity, Jodi M. Winship

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidenced based counseling style to elicit health behavior change. Team-based student clinics are an ideal climate for students to learn and practice team-based care, yet little is understood as to how client-centered communication styles such as MI are implemented in a team setting.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this dissertation was to conduct an exploratory study using mixed methods to better understand how an MI training translates to team-based communication with clients, the factors impacting team-based implementation of MI, and how team-based MI impacts clients’ perceived autonomy at a student-led, interprofessional, team-based wellness clinic for …

Addressing Stroke Patient And Family Reasons For Not Calling 911, Maygret Ramirez, Rodney Bedgio, Virginia Ramos, Ivis Gonzalez, Yaima Miro Gonzalez, Amy Starosciak, Daniel D'Amour, Jayme Strauss, Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Risk For Asd: Fetal Cortisol Exposure Predicts Child Autism-Spectrum-Disorder Symptoms, Sheena Ram, Mariann A. Howland, Curt A. Sandman, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, complex, and likely involves interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. With respect to environmental influences, a growing literature implicates intrauterine experiences in the origin of this pervasive developmental disorder. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined the hypothesis that fetal exposure to maternal cortisol may confer ASD risk. In addition, because ASD is four times more prevalent in males than in females, and because sexually dimorphic responses to intrauterine experiences are commonly observed, we examined whether or not any associations differ by fetal sex. Maternal plasma cortisol was measured at …

Prenatal Risk For Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd): Fetal Cortisol Exposure Predicts Child Asd Symptoms, Sheena Ram, Mariann A. Howland, Curt A. Sandman, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, complex, and likely involves interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. With respect to environmental influences, a growing literature implicates intrauterine experiences in the origin of this pervasive developmental disorder. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined the hypothesis that fetal exposure to maternal cortisol may confer ASD risk. In addition, because ASD is four times more prevalent in males than in females, and because sexually dimorphic responses to intrauterine experiences are commonly observed, we examined whether or not any associations differ by fetal sex. Maternal plasma cortisol was measured at …

Women Are Being Cut During Childbirth Without Need Or Consent, Molly Cora Enking

Capstones

An episiotomy, a surgical cut used to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth, can be extremely painful, hard to recover from and can increase the risk of severe complications. In 2018, episiotomies are rarely necessary, but at some U.S. hospitals they happen much more than they should. And in the course reporting this story, New York City News Service found that it is common for doctors to cut women without the mother’s consent.

https://medium.com/@mollyenking/women-are-being-cut-during-childbirth-without-need-or-consent-7677de7eddae