Public Health Commons^™

Antiplatelet Strategy For Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Waqas Ullah, Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Amro Taha, Smitha Narayana Gowda, Maryam Mukhtar, Aravind Reddy Polam, Salman Zahid, David L. Fischman, Michael P. Savage, Sunil V. Rao, Mohamad Alkhouli

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Optimal duration and choice of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain controversial.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Digital databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) were queried to select all randomized controlled trials on a post-percutaneous coronary intervention population with acute coronary syndrome. Dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel for 12 months was compared with 4 major strategies: high-potency, high- to low-potency, low-dose, and short-duration DAPT. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of different antiplatelet strategies. This study was the second updated manuscript under the International Prospective Register of Systematic …

Racial Residential Segregation And Covid-19 Health Outcomes: Evidence From The State Of Georgia, Palak Patel, Simon Medcalfe, Catherine P. Slade

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

ABSTRACT

Background:

According to the Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH), the state of Georgia reported 563,658 cumulative COVID-19 cases and 9,845 total deaths in 2020. Decades of research on racial disparities in health outcomes suggest we should not be surprised with the disproportionate number of cases, hospital visits, and deaths of non-white and Black Georgia residents. Racial disparities in health are often defined by a Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) model. One understudied SDOH is racial residential segregation. In this study we explore the relationship between racial residential segregation and COVID-19 health outcomes. Our paper addresses critical challenges for …

Churning The Tides Of Care: When Nurse Turnover Makes Waves In Patient Access To Primary Care, Kelley Arredondo, Ashley M Hughes, Houston F Lester, Trang N D Pham, Laura A Petersen, Lechauncy Woodard, Richard Sorelle, Cheng Rebecca Jiang, Frederick L Oswald, Daniel R Murphy, Hilary N Touchett, Joshua Hamer, Sylvia J Hysong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Team-based primary care (PC) enhances the quality of and access to health care. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implements team-based care through Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs), consisting of four core members: a primary care provider, registered nurse (RN) care manager, licensed vocational nurse, and scheduling clerk. RNs play a central role: they coordinate patient care, manage operational needs, and serve as a patient point of contact. Currently, it is not known how varying levels of RN staffing on primary care teams impact patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to empirically assess how the stability of RN staffing within …

Predisposing, Enabling, And Need Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality Of Life Among People With Metabolic Syndrome, Olajide Adekunle, Yun Wang, Ismaeel Yunusa, Marc L. Fleming, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Lawrence M. Brown

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Objective

Methods

Gender And Sexuality Awareness In Medical Education And Practice: Mixed Methods Study, Rola Khamisy-Farah, Eden Biras, Rabie Shehadeh, Ruba Tuma, Hisham Atwan, Anna Siri, Manlio Converti, Francesco Chirico, Łukasz Szarpak, Carlo Biz, Raymond Farah, Nicola Bragazzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The integration of gender and sexuality awareness in health care is increasingly recognized as vital for patient outcomes. Despite this, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on the current state of physicians' training and perceptions in these areas, leading to a gap in targeted educational interventions and optimal health care delivery.

OBJECTIVE: The study's aim was to explore the experiences and perceptions of attending and resident physicians regarding the inclusion of gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula and professional practice in Israel.

METHODS: This cross-sectional survey targeted a diverse group of physicians across various specializations …

How Have Occupational Therapy Services Been Delivered During The Covid-19 Pandemic?, Hulya Yucel, Selen Aydoner

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The provision of traditional healthcare services has encountered obstacles due to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The inability of healthcare professionals and clients to survive the pandemic and the inadequacy of personal protective equipment have created uncertainties regarding the appropriate practices for addressing individuals' health conditions. Furthermore, the field of rehabilitation, including occupational therapy, has experienced changes in the delivery of traditional practices. Therefore, this review aimed to examine occupational therapy services delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the literature review, the most commonly provided services by occupational therapists during COVID-19 were discussed and a total of …

In Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients Who Receive Rescue Therapy, Prior Maintenance Therapy And Day 3 C-Reactive Protein After Rescue Therapy Are Associated With 12-Month Colectomy Risk, Jared A Sninsky, Ana-Maria Staicu, Edward L Barnes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Two- Versus One-Bag Fluid Delivery In Pediatric And Adolescent Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Maya Nasser, Joseph Nasr, Reem Zalloum, Nathanael Yap, Natalie Bourdakos, Shahid Miangul, Tara Betts, Hayato Nakanishi, Christian Than, Serge Jabbour

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

Two rehydration protocols currently exist to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pediatric patients aged"one-bag" system and the more recent "two-bag" system. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the newer two-bag system versus the well-established one-bag system. The CiNAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to June 2023 by 2 independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis framework. Eligible studies were those that reported participants(CRD42023427551). From the initial screening of 42 studies, 8 unique studies encompassing 583 patients met the eligibility criteria. The …

Experiences And Impacts Associated With A Spanish Language Cooking And Gardening Pilot Program, Sarah E Roth, Benjamin Gronowski, Roma Leiva

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Housing As A Medicaid Benefit: Initial Lessons Learned From Health Share’S Housing Benefit Pilot Program, Monique Gill, Benjamin Gronowski, Megan Holtorf

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Who Is Treating Periprosthetic Femur Fractures? An Analysis Of The Periprosthetic Research Consortium, Nicholas Pohl, Arjun Saxena, Jeffrey Stambough, John Martin, Simon Mears, Paul Lichstein, Eric Jordan, Cameron Egan, Antonia Chen, Greg Erens, Samir Chabib, Bryce Wall, Navin Fernando, Jordan Nichols, Ran Schwarzkopf, Katherine Lygrisse, Derek Amanatullah, Prerna Arora, David Ivanov, Galvin Loughran, James Browne, Danielle Hogarth, Parke Hudson, Thomas Donaldson, Frank Buttacavoli, Ravi Kari, Galen Mills

Rothman Institute Papers

Background: Periprosthetic femur fractures (PPFFs) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) have increased in the past decade as the demand for primary surgery continues to grow. Although there is now more evidence to describe the treatment of Vancouver B fractures, there is still limited knowledge regarding factors that cause surgeons to perform either an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or revision THA (rTHA). The purpose of this study was to determine what type of surgeons treat Vancouver B PPFFs at 11 major academic institutions and if there are trends in treatment decision-making regarding the use of ORIF or rTHA based …

Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Gastroenteritis: 2009-2022, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Mary E Wikswo, Iddrisu Sulemana, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, Sasirekha Ramani, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Mary E Moffatt, Christopher J Harrison, Natasha Halasa, James Chappell, Laura Stewart, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Eileen J Klein, Janet A Englund, Danielle M Zerr, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Christina Albertin, Samantha H Johnston, John V Williams, Marian G Michaels, Robert W Hickey, Aaron T Curns, Michelle Honeywood, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Mathew D Esona, Michael D Bowen, Umesh D Parashar, Rashi Gautam, Sara A Mirza, Jacqueline E Tate

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Rotavirus was the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among US children until vaccine introduction in 2006, after which, substantial declines in severe rotavirus disease occurred. We evaluated rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) over 13 years (2009-2022).

Methods: We analyzed data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network using a test-negative case-control design to estimate rotavirus VE against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections among children seeking care for acute gastroenteritis (≥3 diarrhea or ≥1 vomiting episodes within 24 hours) in the emergency department (ED) or hospital. Case-patients and control-patients were children whose stool specimens tested rotavirus positive or negative, respectively, by enzyme immunoassay or …

Are Veterans At Increased Risk Of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms?, Christin B Destefano, Nicholas Burwick, Drew A Helmer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Inhaled Corticosteroids Attenuate The Association Of Fine Particulate Matter And Acute Asthma Events, Kristen A Staggers, Paula Sierra, Drew A Helmer, Charles Minard, Meredith C Mccormack, Tianshi David Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Linkage Between Fuz And Gpr161 Genes Regulates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling During Mouse Neural Tube Development, Sung-Eun Kim, Hyun-Yi Kim, Bogdan J Wlodarczyk, Richard H Finnell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling regulates embryonic morphogenesis utilizing the primary cilium, the cell's antenna, which acts as a signaling hub. Fuz, an effector of planar cell polarity signaling, regulates Shh signaling by facilitating cilia formation, and the G protein-coupled receptor 161 (Gpr161) is a negative regulator of Shh signaling. The range of phenotypic malformations observed in mice bearing mutations in either of the genes encoding these proteins is similar; however, their functional relationship has not been previously explored. This study identified the genetic and biochemical linkage between Fuz and Gpr161 in mouse neural tube development. Fuz was found to be …

Evaluating Progress And Accountability For Achieving Cop26 Health Programme International Ambitions For Sustainable, Low-Carbon, Resilient Health-Care Systems, Iris Martine Blom, Fawzia N Rasheed, Hardeep Singh, Matthew J Eckelman, Meghnath Dhimal, Martin Hensher, Renzo R Guinto, Alice Mcgushin, Xuejuan Ning, Poornima Prabhakaran, Marina Romanello, Dana Van Alphen, Nick Watts, Jessica C Yu, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Andrea J Macneill, Jodi D Sherman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A global initiative to develop low-carbon, resilient health systems-the COP26 Health Programme-launched at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) in 2021. As of May, 2024, 83 nations have committed to participate in this initiative. This analysis evaluates the effectiveness of existing and proposed indicators towards public monitoring and accountability to these commitments. Our findings reveal substantial gaps in data availability and indicator relevance, with many countries reporting process indicators that do not reflect actual progress towards achieving sustainable health-care systems. We found a dearth of suitable indicators and an urgent need to develop …

Perineuronal Nets’ Role In Metabolism, Nan Zhang, Beite Song, Peng Bai, Li Du, Lulu Chen, Yong Xu, Tianshu Zeng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs …

Influenza C Virus In Us Children With Acute Respiratory Infection 2016–2019, Bethany K Sederdahl, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Angela P Campbell, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Joana Y Lively, Samantha M Olson, Julie A Boom, Pedro A Piedra, Natasha B Halasa, Laura Stewart, Peter G Szilagyi, G K Balasubramani, Theresa Sax, Judith M Martin, Robert W Hickey, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, New Vaccine Surveillance Network

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Influenza C virus (ICV) is an orthomyxovirus related to influenza A and B, yet due to few commercial assays, epidemiologic studies may underestimate incidence of ICV infection and disease. We describe the epidemiology and characteristics of ICV within the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-led network that conducts population-based surveillance for pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI). Nasal or/combined throat swabs were collected from emergency department (ED) or inpatient ARI cases, or healthy controls, between 12/05/2016-10/31/2019 and tested by molecular assays for ICV and other respiratory viruses. Parent surveys and chart review were used …

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (Aabr) Diagnostic Test Compared To Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Screening (Teoae) For Universal Newborn Hearing Screenings (Unhs) In High-Risk Neonates, Teresa Anthony, Troy Quast, Sarah Warren

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Purpose: Comorbidities and ototoxic medications increase risk of hearing loss (HL) in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU; 6 per 1000 births) compared to well-babies (1.7 per 1000 births). For newborn hearing screening (NBHS), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) testing is more efficient and less costly. Automated auditory brainstem response (aABR) testing yields higher sensitivity and specificity. This study will identify if aABR is cost-effective compared with TEOAE for NBHS in high-risk neonates.

Methodology: Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from a healthcare system perspective. Prevalence and outcomes data for aABR, TEOAE, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were obtained …

Exploring Racial Disparities In Awareness And Perceptions Of Oncology Clinical Trials: Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Baseline Data From The Mychoice Study, Ariel Hoadley, Linda Fleisher, Cassidy Kenny, Patrick Ja Kelly, Xinrui Ma, Jingwei Wu, Carmen Guerra, Amy E. Leader, Mohammed Alhajji, Paul D'Avanzo, Zoe Landau, Sarah Bauerle Bass

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Black/African American adults are underrepresented in oncology clinical trials in the United States, despite efforts at narrowing this disparity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore differences in how Black/African American oncology patients perceive clinical trials to improve support for the clinical trial participation decision-making process.

METHODS: As part of a larger randomized controlled trial, a total of 244 adult oncology patients receiving active treatment or follow-up care completed a cross-sectional baseline survey on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical trial knowledge, health literacy, perceptions of cancer clinical trials, patient activation, patient advocacy, health care self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and clinical trial intentions. Self-reported …

Analysis Of Non-Prescription Drug Services Via Telemedicine Using The Lean Six Sigma Method: Case Study In A Company Clinic, Labbaika Nurmadani, Masyitoh Basabih

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The non-compounded prescription drug service via telemedicine became an alternative solution to continue providing pharmaceutical services while simultaneously controlling physical contact in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, after its implementation, hospitals still need to improve the effectiveness of this telemedicine service. This study aims to propose improvements to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of non-compounded drug services via telemedicine using the Lean Six Sigma method. This method is used to identify and eliminate all waste in the business process (service) to make efficient use of time and other resources. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches, with data …

Optimizing The Use Of Online Systems In Health Care Facilities, Wendy Damar Aprilano, Mardiati Nadjib

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The use of web-based information technology or online services can accelerate service delivery. Digitalisation of online health services is one of the growing issues, along with the increasing need for access to health services globally. However, there are things that must be considered in implementing an online health service system so the utilisation can be optimal. This study examines the factors that can support the optimisation of online service systems in health facilities so that innovation can continue to grow and provide benefits in the future. The authors conducted a literature review, with PRISMA guidelines according to the PEO …

Implementation Of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Excise Policy And Its Implications In Various Countries: Literature Review, Roissiana Khotami, Vetty Yulianty, Ratih Oktarina

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The prevalence of diabetes in the world is projected to continue to increase to 643 million in 2030. Indonesia is ranked 7th with the highest number of diabetes mellitus sufferers and the only one in Southeast Asia with a total of 10.7 million sufferers. Consumption of sweetened drinks is the most dominant factor in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks third highest in Southeast Asia in sweetened drink consumption. Excise on sweetened drinks is an effective intervention to reduce consumption of sweetened drinks, but Indonesia has not yet implemented it. This research aims to determine the implementation …

Evaluation Of The Water Ambulance Service Program At The Health Crisis And Emergency Center Province Health Office Of Dki Jakarta In 2023, Shella Cahya Eka, Kurnia Sari

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The high demand for ambulance services at the 119 Public Safety Center of the DKI Jakarta Health Office, including in the Administrative District of the Kepulauan Seribu, highlights the importance of providing water ambulances. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Water Ambulance Service by the DKI Jakarta Health Office using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) program evaluation approach. Using a qualitative approach, primary and secondary data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document review. The findings show that implementing the Water Ambulance Service aligns with the context, objectives, and targets of the DKI Jakarta Health …

Analysis Protecting The Health Workers From The Transmission Of Tuberculosis At Teaching Hospital: A Review Of Policy And Practice, Arifah Alfiyyah, Robiana Modjo, Adang Bachtiar

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant threat, especially to healthcare workers exposed by the infected patients in hospitals. Hospital staff with latent TB are at risk of developing active TB. To mitigate this risk, enhancing hospitals through infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is essential. This study aimed to identify policies and practices related to TB prevention, particularly in a teaching hospital where healthcare workers, including medical students, need protection. The research was conducted at a teaching hospital in Depok, West Java, from January to February 2024. The research took place at a teaching hospital in Depok, West Java, from …

A Framework For Human Evaluation Of Large Language Models In Healthcare Derived From Literature Review, Thomas Yu Chow Tam, Sonish Sivarajkumar, Sumit Kapoor, Alisa V Stolyar, Katelyn Polanska, Karleigh R Mccarthy, Hunter Osterhoudt, Xizhi Wu, Shyam Visweswaran, Sunyang Fu, Piyush Mathur, Giovanni E Cacciamani, Cong Sun, Yifan Peng, Yanshan Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for LLMs in healthcare across various medical specialties and addresses factors such as evaluation dimensions, sample types and sizes, selection, and recruitment of evaluators, frameworks and metrics, evaluation process, and statistical analysis type. Our literature review of 142 studies shows gaps in reliability, generalizability, and applicability of current human evaluation practices. To overcome such significant obstacles to healthcare LLM developments and deployments, we …

Noninvasive Multi-Cancer Detection Using Blood-Based Cell-Free Micrornas, Jason Zhang, Hallgeir Rui, Hai Hu

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Patients diagnosed with early-stage cancers have a substantially higher chance of survival than those with late-stage diseases. However, the option for early cancer screening is limited, with most cancer types lacking an effective screening tool. Here we report a miRNA-based blood test for multi-cancer early detection based on examination of serum microRNA microarray data from cancer patients and controls. First, a large multi-cancer training set that included 1,408 patients across 7 cancer types and 1,408 age- and gender-matched non-cancer controls was used to develop a 4-microRNA diagnostic model using 10-fold cross-validation. In three independent validation sets comprising a total of …

Sequencing-Based Detection Of Avian Influenza A(H5n1) Virus In Wastewater In Ten Cities, Michael J Tisza, Blake M Hanson, Justin R Clark, Li Wang, Katelyn Payne, Matthew C Ross, Kristina D Mena, Anna Gitter, Sara J Javornik Cregeen, Juwan Cormier, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Austen Terwilliger, John Balliew, Fuqing Wu, Janelle Rios, Jennifer Deegan, Pedro A Piedra, Joseph F Petrosino, Eric Boerwinkle, Anthony W Maresso

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Examining Management And Employees' Perceptions Of Occupational Heat Exposure And The Effectiveness Of A Heat Stress Prevention Intervention On Safety And Well-Being Among Natural Gas Construction Workers: A Qualitative Field-Based Study, Muinat Abolore Idris, Christine Markham, Kristina D Mena, William B Perkison

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Numerous risk factors have been identified as significantly influencing outdoor workers' risk for heat stress and heat-related conditions, impacting their health, well-being, and productivity. However, the specific effects of these factors on construction workers' safety, health, and well-being remain under-researched. With climate change increasing temperatures, assessing heat stress among construction workers is imperative.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers and facilitators influencing the safety of natural gas construction workers and evaluate an implemented heat stress intervention.

METHODS: In the summer of 2023, two semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with twenty-one stakeholders at a Texas natural gas construction …

Implementation Of Healthy Heart Ambassador To Improve Blood Pressure Control At Community Health Centers In Texas, Natalia I Heredia, Ella R Garza, Fernanda Velasco-Huerta, Tracy L Swoboda, Pierre Fwelo, Patenne D Mathews, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the United States and can increase a person's risk of stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Yet only 1 in 4 people with high blood pressure in the United States have their blood pressure managed. To improve hypertension control, we supported 9 health centers in Texas with the implementation of the Healthy Heart Ambassador Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring (HHA) Program.

METHODS: We provided health center training using the HHA Program Facilitation Training Guide, recorded barriers to implementing the HHA program, and employed strategies to overcome those barriers.

RESULTS: There were 68 …