Public Health Commons^™

Adverse Effect Of Aerosol Pesticide On Lung Dysfunction Amongpaddy Farmers In Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia, Fajaria Nurcandra, Renti Mahkota, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Kesmas

The World Health Organization estimated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the highest non-communicable disease worldwide by2030, and pesticide exposure is one of major risk factors. This study aimed to determine effect of pesticide exposure on lung dysfunction among paddyfarmers. A case-control study was performed on April - May 2016 in Purworejo. The case group comprised 66 farmers suffering from lung dysfunction during2015 based on medical records, while the control group comprised 59 neighboring farmers showing normal lung function. Both case and control groups weretested using a spirometer and COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis of …

Correlation Of Knowledge And Beliefs To Adherence With Antibiotic Use In Adult Patients At A Private Hospital In Sidoarjo, Muhammad Hasan Wattiheluw, Fauna Herawati, Setiasih Setiasih, Rika Yulia

Kesmas

Infectious diseases are one of the top ten causes of death in the world. Antibiotic therapy is administered for infectious diseases, but if bacteria are exposed to antibiotics continuously, then the bacteria are able to adapt to the medication, thereby resulting in antibiotic resistance. This condition results in an increase in mortality, long hospitalization period, and increased cost of antibiotic therapy and health services. Adherence to using antibiotics may be influenced by knowledge and beliefs about them. This study aimed to understand correlation between knowledge and belief with adherence to antibiotic use at a private hospital in Sidoarjo. This cross-sectional …

Barriers To Covid-19 Rt-Pcr Testing In Indonesia: A Health Policy Perspective, Purwa Kurnia Sucahya

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Indonesia has been facing a hard time accelerating the number of laboratory capacity. This study provides an overview of the data on daily tests, confirmed cases, and the challenge of Covid-19 control associated with government policy. This study utilizes data reported from 2 March to 29 April 2020 by online official sources and regulations. Initially, the government only trusted one lab for the Covid-19 test. As the number of cases increased, referral labs were increased, until 29 April 2020, there were 89 officially appointed laboratories. The daily number of testing results fluctuated and unstable, although the number of reference labs …

Impact Analysis Of The Large-Scale Social Restrictions (Psbb) Policy Implementation In Jakart, Hikmahwati Hikmahwati, Ekasafitri A.S Sangadji, Raden Roro Mega Utami

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Jakarta is the province with the highest population density in Indonesia and is also one of the main international gateways to enter Indonesia. These conditions cause a high risk of transmission COVID-19 in Jakarta. One of the government's decisions was applying the Large Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy in Jakarta. This study is a documentation study with Sabatier and Mazmanian's top-down approach that aims to analyze the extent impact of policy implementation, in terms of the policy objectives and community compliance. Compliance analysis uses the results of the Covid-19 Outbreak Survey and Google mobility index. The result shows the compliance …

Effectiveness Of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (Psbb) Toward The New Normal Era During Covid-19 Outbreak: A Mini Policy Review, Helen Andriani

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The government of Indonesia has not used lockdown or quarantine as an option to tackle the spread of Coronavirus, as the impact of lockdown on small communities in the informal sector that lives from daily income will be severe. Alternatively, the government is enforcing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar or "PSBB") to respond to the state of emergency in public health. Starting in June 2020, the government has implemented transitional PSBB in some red zone areas, including the capital Jakarta and East Java province, despite the surge in case numbers. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of …

Local Initiatives In Preventing Coronavirus Based On Health Policy Perceptive, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Misnaniarti Misnaniarti, Siti Khodijah Parinduri, Fitria Aryani Susanti, Ni Nyoman Dwi Sutrisnawati,

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

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The Effectiveness Of Covid-19 Countermeasure Policy Implementation In Seven Asean Countries, Wahyu Sulistiadi, Sri Rahayu

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

COVID-19, which has spread to almost all countries in the world, force country's leaders to issue COVID-19 countermeasures policy that is the most effective and suitable for their country. The various ways to implement the policy depend on the COVID-19 impact that arises in the country. This study describes the implications of national policies related to COVID-19 case fatality rates up to 29 April 2020 in 7 ASEAN countries. We use analytical descriptive method on COVID-19 data that has been published in online media. The achievement on the implementation of national policy in overcoming COVID-19 in some countries provide new …

Association Between Racial Discrimination And Health‐Related Quality Of Life And The Impact Of Social Relationships, Sze Yan Liu, Genevieve Bergeron, Nneka Lundy De La Cruz, L. Hannah Gould, Amber Levanon Seligson

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose: Interpersonal racial discrimination is associated with poor health. Social relationships may moderate the impact of discrimination and represent modifiable behaviors that can be targeted by public health interventions. We described citywide associations between self-reported racial discrimination and health-related quality of life among the overall New York City (NYC) adult residential population and by four main race/ethnicity groups and explored whether social relationships moderated health effects of discrimination.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2335 adults weighted to be representative of the NYC population. We measured exposures to lifetime interpersonal racial discrimination in nine domains using a modifed version …

Private Insurance Reimbursements For Newborn Hearing Screening In The United States, 2013-2014, Thuy Quynh Do, Winnie Chung, Scott Grosse

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

The purpose of this study was to describe private insurance reimbursements for newborn hearing screening (NBHS) in the United States. Data from the MarketScan® Commercial Databases were used to estimate reimbursement for privately insured infants born between January 1, 2013–December 31, 2014. Estimates were based on billed claims for hearing-related services during infancy (71,820 infants with inpatient NBHS, 1,104 with outpatient NBHS). Median reimbursement for NBHS performed in a hospital setting was $148.00 (range $113.51–$196.02) when billed as an inpatient service and $136.48 (range $86.08–$220.15) when billed as an outpatient service. Both reimbursement amounts were three times greater than the …

Black Women Survive Breast Cancer With Community-Based Care, Shelley I. White-Means, Jill Dapremont, Barbara D. Davis, Tronlyn Thompson

Faculty Presentations

PURPOSE Community-based breast cancer support agencies who address non-medical, social determinants of health needs that serve as barriers to maximizing breast health outcomes may play a vital role in mitigating breast cancer mortality. They share a common emphasis on addressing social, economic, and psychological needs of breast cancer survivors and those at risk of breast cancer. This paper is third in a series of papers exploring why the rate of breast cancer mortality is two times higher for African American women than white women in Memphis. We sought insights from community-based breast cancer support agencies because they have a close-up …

Costing Of Actions To Safeguard Vulnerable Mexican Households With Young Children From The Consequences Of Covid-19 Social Distancing Measures, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Víctor Pérez, Graciela Teruel, Aranzazu Alonso, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

COVID-19 has imposed unprecedented challenges to society. As the pandemic evolves, the social distancing measures that have been globally enforced, while essential, are having undesirable socioeconomic side effects particularly among vulnerable populations. In Mexico, families who depend upon informal employment face increased threats to their wellbeing, and households who in addition have young children may face long-term consequences. The Mexican government has not yet taken actions, but a coalition of non-governmental organizations is advocating in partnership with academic institutions for social protection actions such as a cash transfer and basic services subsidies for families with young children, subsisting from the …

The Need For Leadership During Public Health Crises, Tanisha Adams

2020 Symposium Posters

This research is intended to educate the public health industry on the need for better crisis leadership preparations. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a national training program mandated by the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006. The program focuses primarily on Preparedness, Communications and Information Management, Resource Management, and Command and Management. NIMS is formatted in a way that the information can be used across a wide array of organization types. The Incident Command System (ICS) of NIMS has a "military-style, command-and-control model traditionally seen in emergency services and not in public health” (Kohn, Barnett, Galastri, Semon, …

Understanding Elements Involved In Active Racial And Ethnic Minority Recruitment Practices For Biopharmaceutical-Sponsored Clinical Trials: A Socio-Ecological Qualitative Inquiry, Rebecca Rae Johnson

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Inequitable participation in clinical trials continues to be a problem, and trial populations do not always reflect the demographics of the population that the investigational product will ultimately be treating. Because genetic differences between racial and ethnic groups affect the safety and efficacy of new treatments, it is important that standard of care decisions are made based on a representative population. The purpose of this study is to understand the socio-ecological elements that are involved in the active implementation of racial and ethnic minority recruitment practices for biopharmaceutical-funded trials in the United States. This general qualitative study was both descriptive …

Exploration Of The Complex Relationship Among Multilevel Predictors Of Prep Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In The United States, Kristina M. Rodriguez

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the group most heavily affected by HIV in the United States (US), with MSM of color further disproportionately represented. In July 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF-FTC, Truvada) for use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV-negative adults who are at high-risk of HIV infection. Despite its effectiveness, PrEP prescriptions are reaching only a small proportion of those who could benefit from the drug and prescription rates vary both by race and geographic region. The goal of this dissertation was …

Rural-Urban Residence And Mortality Among Three Cohorts Of U.S. Adults, Erika C. Ziller Phd, Jennifer D. Lenardson Mhs, Katherine A. Ahrens Mph, Phd

Population Health

Though U.S. life expectancy has increased over the past 50 years, this benefit has not been geographically uniform and certain rural persons and communities face a mortality gap. Rural residents experience a shorter life expectancy than urban residents, with higher mortality rates from specific causes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, coronary heart disease, and lung cancer. Overall, there are higher mortality rates among rural residents for all five leading causes of death – heart disease, stroke, cancer, unintentional injury, and chronic lower respiratory disease – as compared to urban residents.

We sought to close gaps in our understanding of …

The Evolving Management Of Aortic Valve Disease: Trends In The Utilization And Cost Of Savr, Tavr, And Medical Therapy, Andrew Goldsweig

Theses & Dissertations

Aortic stenosis (AS) and regurgitation (AR) may be treated with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), transcatheter AVR (TAVR), or medical therapy (MT). Data are lacking regarding usage and cost of SAVR, TAVR, and MT for patients hospitalized with aortic valve disease. From the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we determined utilization and cost trends for SAVR, TAVR, and MT in patients with aortic valve disease admitted 2012-2016 for valve replacement, heart failure, unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, or syncope. From 2012 through 2016, there was a 48.1% increase in the number of patients hospitalized for aortic valve disease annually. Overall, 19.9%, 6.7%, …

Baseline Health Assessment Of A Rural Delta Community, Sydney Mitchell

Honors Theses

The Lower Mississippi Delta is characterized by poverty, chronic health issues, health disparities, and food insecurity. The rural Delta communities are primarily African American, experiencing disproportionately higher rates of poverty, job loss, and chronic health problems. Historically, chronic health issues have persisted in these areas over time, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which have only seemed to increase in this region. The food environment in this rural region tends to assist in the creation of the largely obesogenic population which, in turn, contributes to the increased prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and a lower quality of life. Many residents in …

Examining The Possibilities Of Telehealth In Tallahatchie County, Taran Carrasco

Honors Theses

This thesis aims to analyze Tallahatchie County and determine the feasibility of establishing a telehealth program in the county. Telehealth is an evolving aspect in the medical field that incorporates technology with healthcare. This thesis used sociotechnical theory to explain how the feasibility of telehealth could be made more likely as the technology is used over time.Through interviewing UMMC telehealth directors, Tallahatchie Wellness center workers, and citizens of Charleston, this study aims to gauge professional and personal opinions on how feasible it would be to implement telehealth into the Charleston community, as well as how positively telehealth would be accepted …

2020 County Health Rankings Tennessee Data And Updated Substance Abuse 2005-2019, Kelsey L. Grabeel, Jenny Moore

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of The Timing Of A Hospice Referral And The Perceived Quality Of Care By The Family, Caitlin Tran

Nursing | Senior Theses

Hospice care is a specialized type of palliative care for patients with a time-limiting illness. Despite its benefits, hospice remains underutilized. A key reason behind the underutilization are untimely referrals, often made during the last weeks or days of the patient’s life. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existing barriers towards hospice that play into late referrals and its effect on patient/family satisfaction. This information will be examined to propose a pilot research study for further exploration.

Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Us Adults With Type 2 Diabetes., Giang Truong Vu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focused on the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the factors associated with this relationship in the US. The objectives of the dissertation research were a three-part process: (1) to understand the relationships of T2DM with poor OHRQoL, clarify risk and preventive factors that affect this association, and identify research gaps in the literature, (2) to analyze risk factors associated with poor OHRQoL in US adults with T2DM using a nationally representative random probability cluster sample, and (3) to apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to a simplified Andersen’s Behavioral Model …

Preventable Hospitalization Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients In Kentucky Before And After Medicaid Expansion 2010-2017., Turky Jamil Arbaein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: 1) Analyze county level variation in T2DM-PH rates in Kentucky before ACA (2010-2013) and after the ACA (2014-2017). 2) Analyze the relationship between county level socioeconomic factors (income per capita, percentage of uninsured people, percent of urban population, primary care and general preventive offices, population aged 65 and above, median age, household income, percentage in poverty, and unemployment rate ) and county level T2DM-PH rates before (2010-2013) and after (2014-2017) ACA implementation in Kentucky. Method: This research was conducted in two phases: Phase one of this study estimated the county-level PH variation among T2DM patients across eight years (2010-2017), …

Dna Transfer In The Soil Bacterium Rhodococcus, Jaimin Maheshbhai Kapadia

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Gene transfer plays an important role in bacterial evolution. Especially in an under explored species like Rhodococcus, a type of bacteria found in the soil. Rhodococcus has several applications in the pharmaceutical industry and in the production of antibiotics. Rhodococcus possess several unique sets of properties which makes it beneficial to have a reliable method of producing mutants of Rhodococcus. The goal of the experiment was to find an efficient way of forming Rhodococcus colonies with kanamycin resistant genes. The project began from an unexpected observation from an earlier experiment with Rhodococcus strain MTM3W5.2. where I attempted to transform this …

Pregnancy Outcomes And Documentation Status Among Latina Women: A Systematic Review, Dawn M. Richardson, Sarah B. Andrea, Amber Ziring, Cassandra Robinson, Lynne Messer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: The impression that Latinas experience paradoxically good pregnancy outcomes in the United States persists, despite evidence showing that these outcomes are not enjoyed by all Latina subgroups. We conducted this systematic literature review to examine the relationship between documentation status and pregnancy outcomes among Latinas.

Methods: This review synthesizes empirical evidence on this relationship; examines how these studies define and operationalize documentation status; and makes recommendations of how a more comprehensive methodological approach can guide public health research on the impact of documentation status on Latina immigrants to the United States. We searched the literature within PubMed, …

Dnp Project: Improving No-Show Rates In Primary Care, Mai-Linh T. Nguyen, Sarah M. Kuzara

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Abstract

This paper explores the factors that contribute to no-show rates in the primary care setting and effective interventions to improve no-show rates. The average no-show rate in the primary care setting is 23%, (Dantas, Fleck, Olivaria, & Humacher 2018). In 2018, the no-show rate at the WeCare Clinic was 50-60%. A literature review was conducted to gather information regarding why patients choose to no-show their appointments, the common causes of high no-show rates, and effective interventions found to decrease no-show rates. We investigated the primary causes of a high no-show rate at the WeCare Clinic by interviewing staff and …

The Impact Of State-Level Laws On Syringe Service Program Access And Risk Environment Of People Who Inject Drugs (Pwid), Samuel Pettyjohn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Understanding concentrated areas with high rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) allows for improved placement of Narcan access points through syringe services programs (SSPs). People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) have lower risk of contracting infectious diseases the closer they are to SSPs. Tennessee law prohibits SSPs within 2000ft of a school or park, impacting the placement of SSPs in non-urban areas. Testing factors related to SSP siting placement within a system dynamic model can better determine the relationship between PWID risk environment and SSP access and utility.

Methods: We identified areas of greatest need for harm reduction interventions within …

Factors Associated With Urgent Care Reliance And Outpatient Health Care Use Among Children Enrolled In Medicaid., Rebecca R. Burns, Elizabeth R. Alpern, Jonathan Rodean, Therese Canares, Brian R. Lee, Matt Hall, Amanda Montalbano

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Importance: Urgent care (UC) centers are a growing option to address children's acute care needs, which may cause unanticipated changes in health care use.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with high UC reliance among children enrolled in Medicaid and examine the association between UC reliance and outpatient health care use.

Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort study used deidentified data on 4 133 238 children from the Marketscan Medicaid multistate claims database to calculate UC reliance and outpatient health care use. Children were younger than 19 years, with 11 months or more of continuous Medicaid enrollment and 1 or …

Managing Stress In A Constantly-Changing Workforce, Lorri Burch-Hubbard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

When staffing reductions occur in the workplace, staff left behind may face increased stress, may not be given the support they need to manage the feelings caused by the reduction. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of stress caused by staffing reductions has on medical technologists (MT), medical technicians (MLT) and respiratory therapists (RT), and to identify any common methods of stress management used by those staff who remain in the organization.

Literature research showed the negative impact stress can have on individuals when it is not addressed, such as decreased work performance, health issues, and even the …

A Statewide Needs Assessment Of Perspectives On Training And Certification Of Community Health Workers In Nebraska, Jessica Ern

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

INTRODUCTION: Community Health Workers (CHWs) are a crucial growing component of the health care field in the U.S. According to the US Bureau of Statistics (2018), the CHW workforce is expected to grow 38% in the next ten years. While research has repeatedly shown the success of CHW-led programs and the financial benefits of CHWs, little work has been done to evaluate the training and certification preferences of CHWs in Nebraska. This project aimed to gather and analyze qualitative and quantitative data through an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach to provide policy recommendations regarding the future training and potential certification of …

Surgical Care Perspectives: Exploring Barriers And Facilitators To Surgery In Rural Nebraska, Sarah Stanislav

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with less pain, faster recovery, and lower complication rates. Despite being the standard of care, it remains underutilized in rural Nebraska. Surgeon shortages and limited studies describing patient and provider factors influencing treatment gaps contribute to unnecessary complications and healthcare expenditure. Our study aimed to understand rural surgical care barriers and facilitators encountered by patients, providers, and stakeholders in Nebraska. Methods: This exploratory mixed methods study involved 17 semi-structured interviews using a snowball sampling of eligible participants affiliated with an MIS Advisory Committee. Two coders analyzed data using NVivo12. A follow-up review of …