Public Health Commons^™

The Benefits Of Making Peace With Pain: Chronic Pain Acceptance Moderates The Indirect Effect Of Perceived Burdensomeness Between Pain Severity And Suicidal Cognitions, Willie Hale, Sarah Vacek, Meghan Crabtree, Kaitlin Grelle, Craig J Bryan, Donald D Mcgeary, Kathryn E Kanzler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the degree to which perceived burdensomeness mediates the relationship between pain severity and suicidal cognitions and (2) to determine whether this mediated relationship was moderated by pain acceptance. We predicted that high levels of pain acceptance would buffer relationships on both paths of the indirect effect.

Methods: Two-hundred seven patients with chronic pain completed an anonymous self-report battery of measures, including the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Suicidal Cognitions Scale, and the pain severity subscale of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory. Conditional process models were …

Improving The Diagnostic Process For Patients With Possible Bladder And Kidney Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study To Identify Potential Missed Diagnostic Opportunities, Yin Zhou, Hardeep Singh, Willie Hamilton, Stephanie Archer, Sapphire Tan, James Brimicombe, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Fiona M Walter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Patients with bladder and kidney cancer may experience diagnostic delays.

Aim: To identify patterns of suboptimal care and contributors of potential missed diagnostic opportunities (MDOs).

Design and setting: Prospective, mixed-methods study recruiting participants from nine general practices in Eastern England between June 2018 and October 2019.

Method: Patients with possible bladder and kidney cancer were identified using eligibility criteria based on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for suspected cancer. Primary care records were reviewed at recruitment and at 1 year for data on symptoms, tests, referrals, and diagnosis. Referral predictors were examined using logistic regression. …

Transplanting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Livers In The United States: Outcomes And Opportunities, Anshul Bhatnagar, Sameer Prakash, Peter Lymberopoulos, Cameron Goff, Anjiya Shaikh, Donghee Kim, Aijaz Ahmed, Carl Berg, Susanna Naggie, Fasiha Kanwal, George Cholankeril, Tzu-Hao Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Livers from donors with positive hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg+) have been used to expand the donor pool; however, outcome data are limited. We aim to evaluate survival following liver transplant (LT) from HBsAg+ donors. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, we identified HBsAg+ donors used for LT from 2009 to 2020. We used Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards regression to compare post-LT survival in hepatitis B virus-negative recipients who utilized HBsAg+ donors to propensity-matched cohorts who utilized other types of donors. From 2009-2020, 70 patients received HBsAg+ livers, and 58 of them did not carry a …

Leveraging Omics To Predict Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: The "Immunome", Francesca Polverino, Ravi Kalhan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

High Risk Lung Nodule: A Multidisciplinary Approach To Diagnosis And Management, Babith J Mankidy, Ghasemirad Mohammad, Kelly Trinh, Anoop P Ayyappan, Quillan Huang, Steven Bujarski, Mohammad S Jafferji, Ravi Ghanta, Alexander N Hanania, Donald R Lazarus

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pulmonary nodules are often discovered incidentally during CT scans performed for other reasons. While the vast majority of nodules are benign, a small percentage may represent early-stage lung cancer with the potential for curative treatments. With the growing use of CT for both clinical purposes and lung cancer screening, the number of pulmonary nodules detected is expected to increase substantially. Despite well-established guidelines, many nodules do not receive proper evaluation due to a variety of factors, including inadequate coordination of care and financial and social barriers. To address this quality gap, novel approaches such as multidisciplinary nodule clinics and multidisciplinary …

Reshaping Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Lessons Learned In Post-Covid-19 Health Policy, Azliyana Azizan, Khairul Hafezad Abdullah, Sri Ratna Rahayu, Nadia Safirah Rusli, Nornajehah Tarmidzi

Kesmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted health policy globally, leading to heightened concern and urgency. However, previous studies have been hampered by limited resources and insufficient discussions on the long-term implications for health policies following multiple COVID-19 waves. Thus, this study examined the evolution of international studies on post-COVID-19 health policy. A comprehensive analysis used well-known literature databases Scopus and Web of Science to explore parameters including publication growth, participating countries, areas of interest, and keyword analysis of topics such as"COVID-19" and "Health Policy." The United States emerged as an active participant, focusing on "Computer science." Key themes included "COVID-19 …

Editorial, Al Asyary

Kesmas

No abstract provided.

Rendahnya Skor Methods Information Index (Mii) Dan Faktor-Faktor Terkait: Analisis Survei Demografi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia (Sdki) 2012 Dan 2017, Wiji Wahyuningsih, Meiwita P. Budiharsana

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Informed choice memastikan bahwa pilihan kontrasepsi modern diputuskan perempuan setelah menerima informasi lengkap tentang metode kontrasepsi yang tersedia. Indeks informasi yang disebut Methods Information Index (MII) mengukur tiga elemen, yaitu efek samping masing-masing metode, kemana harus berobat jika efek samping muncul, dan perlu berganti ke kontrasepsi mana. Pemberian informasi lengkap tentang ketiga elemen MII merupakan pemenuhan etika dan hak-hak reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini menyajikan temuan rendahnya skoring MII di Indonesia, cermin dari tinggginya persentase perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak menerima informasi lengkap dan faktor-faktor terkait. Sebanyak 45.607 dan 49.627 perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang tercakup dalam Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan …

The Extent Of Knowledge, Preparedness And Perception Of Telemedicine Among Family Medicine Residents In Cebu City During Covid-19, Kristine Joy Y. Sumanga, Clarissa Mae D. Derecho

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Telemedicine is providing healthcare services using electronic means at a distance including the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases as well as the research and evaluation, and education of healthcare providers. Its role in the time of the pandemic is vital, especially to the practice of medicine. This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey research study conducted in four hospital training institutions in Cebu City. A total of 41 respondents gave their consent and were given the online survey questionnaire about the extent of knowledge, preparedness and perceptions of telemedicine. Out of the 41 respondents, 56.10% were young adults (26-30 …

Pengaruh Komorbid Terhadap Tingkat Survival Pasien Dengan Diabetes Tipe Ii: Analisis Data Sampel Bpjs 2015-2021, Anggi Tria Abimayu, Martya Rahmaniati

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Tahun 2021 Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-6 di dunia dengan kasus kematian akibat diabetes terbanyak. Tingginya angka kematian diabetes disebabkan oleh banyak hal, salah satunya adalah komorbiditas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh komorbid terhadap tingkat survival penderita diabetes tipe II di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sampel kontekstual diabetes melitus BPJS tahun 2015-2021 dengan desain kohort retrospektif dan didapatkan jumlah sampel 96.379 terbobot. Dilakukan analisis statistik univariat, bivariat dengan kurva Kaplan-Meier dan Uji Log-Rank, dan multivariat dengan uji cox proportional hazard. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penderita diabetes tipe II yang memiliki komorbid mempunyai cumulative survival probability (CSP) yang …

Determinan Kematian Balita Di Provinsi Bangka Belitung, Gorontalo, Dan Papua Barat: Analisis Data Sdki 2017, Jilan Salshabilla Mutaqin, Martya Rahmaniati, Sutanto Priyo Hastono, Tiopan Sipahutar

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Bangka Belitung, Gorontalo, dan Papua Barat memiliki angka kematian balita tertinggi berdasarkan wilayah Indonesia bagian Barat, Tengah, dan Timur. Tingginya kematian balita terkait langsung dengan keberlanjutan hidup anak dan merefleksikan kondisi sosio-ekonomi, lingkungan tempat tinggal, serta pemeliharaan kesehatan anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki determinan kematian balita menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Analisis dilakukan pada 1056 sampel dengan uji potong lintang dan regresi logistik untuk melihat faktor kematian balita yang signifikan serta besar risiko masing-masing faktor pada determinan sosio-ekonomi dan proksi. Jumlah kelahirkan, jenis kelamin anak, ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI, pendidikan ibu, dan umur ibu …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Aktivitas Fisik Pada Remaja Di Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2021, Annisa Sujarwati, Emelia Agustina, Muhammad Azmiyannoor, Dian Rosadi, Rudi Fakhriyadi, Noor Ahda Fadillah, Hadrianti H.D. Lasari, Mufatihatul Aziza Nisa

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Data Riskesdas 2013-2018 menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas fisik yang kurang pada penduduk usia ≥10 tahun di Indonesia. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat disebabkan dari berbagai hal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya aktfitas fisik pada remaja 10-24 tahun di Kota Banjarbaru melalui pendekatan teori perilaku Lawrence Green. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasinya adalah seluruh remaja usia 10-24 tahun di Kota Banjarbaru. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 80 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan dinyatakan valid. Variabel bebas yang diteliti …

Communication Of Patients’ And Family Members’ Ethical Concerns To Their Healthcare Providers, Mariam Noorulhuda, Christine Grady, Paul Wakim, Talia Bernhard, Hae Lin Cho, Marion Danis

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Little is known about communication between patients, families, and healthcare providers regarding ethical concerns that patients and families experience in the course of illness and medical care. To address this gap in the literature, we surveyed patients and family members to learn about their ethical concerns and the extent to which they discussed them with their healthcare providers.

METHODS: We surveyed adult, English-speaking patients and family members receiving inpatient care in five hospitals in the Washington DC-Baltimore metropolitan area from July 2017 to March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, comfortableness, and helpfulness of discussions regarding …

Revitalizing The Healthcare Market: An Analysis Of Hospital Pricing Transparency Compliance, Ellie Bruggeman

Business and Economics Summer Fellows

The healthcare industry is one of the most praised industries in the US due to its lifesaving capabilities and immersive care. Consumers regularly report that are satisfied with the care they receive from their physicians. Conversely, they also report frustrations and confusions associated with the costs of such care. In extreme cases, this frustration can turn to financial ruin as medical debt is the leading cause of bankruptcy in the US. The healthcare industry does not operate in congruence with other markets, largely due to the presence of insurance and other third-party payers. The undisclosed interactions between third party payers …

Interpreting P Values In 2023, Jennifer K. Homa-Bonell

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

If recent experiences shared among the biostatistician community are indicative of a sea change in research, then a most-welcome culture shift in dialogue surrounding the proper use and interpretation of the P value, which measures statistical probability, is underway. This editorial strives to offer guidance for researchers who would like to incorporate more comprehensive reporting in their research, namely, a broader discussion that goes beyond looking at the P value by itself and includes effect size estimates, confidence intervals, and clinical implications when interpreting quantitative results. Another evolving development in clinical research is the preferred language when referring …

Examining Racial Disparities In Unemployment Among Health Care Workers Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jason Semprini

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Among the U.S. health care workforce, the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to greatly impact employment levels in 2020. However, no research has examined how the pandemic’s impact on employment varied by racial/ethnic group or beyond the initial emergency year. Our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate workforce trends by race/ethnicity before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed each March supplement of the Current Population Survey over a 5-year span (2018–2022). We restricted the sample to nurses, physician assistants, and other non-physician health care workers (HCW), per specific census occupation codes, and constructed an event-history study to test for differential …

Previous Health Care Experiences’ Influence On Health Care Perceptions Among Residents In Six Homeless Shelters In Seattle, Washington, July–October 2021, Ashley A. Meehan, Sarah N. Cox, Nicholas B. Thuo, Julia H. Rogers, Amy C. Link, Miguel A. Martinez, Natalie K. Lo, Brian J. Manns, Melissa A. Rolfes, Eric J. Chow, Helen Y. Chu, Emily Mosites, Morhaf Al Achkar

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The study purpose was to learn and describe 1) where homeless shelter residents receive health care, 2) what contributes to positive or negative health care experiences among shelter residents, and 3) shelter resident perceptions toward health care.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews (SSIs) utilizing purposive sampling and focus group discussions (FGDs) utilizing convenience sampling were conducted at 6 homeless shelters in Seattle-King County, Washington, during July–October 2021. All residents (age ≥ 18) were eligible to participate. SSIs were conducted with 25 residents, and 8 FGDs were held. Thematic analysis was conducted using Dedoose.

Results: Participants received health care …

Abstracts From The 2023 Health Care Systems Research Network (Hcsrn) Annual Conference, Denver, Colorado

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) is comprised of 20 learning health systems with embedded population-based research units. The network’s annual conference serves as a forum for research teams from member institutions to disseminate project findings, explore scientific collaborations, and share insights about conducting research in real-world care delivery settings. Abstracts presented at HCSRN 2023 are published in this issue supplement of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the journal of record for HCSRN’s annual conference proceedings.

Leveraging The Strength Of Collaboration In Rapidly Changing Times: The 29th Annual Conference Of The Health Care Systems Research Network, Michael A. Horberg, Suzanne Simons

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

On February 21, 2023, the 29th annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) kicked off at the Sheraton Downtown Denver with more than 320 participants from 20 HCSRN member institutions. Attendees gathered, in person, to reconnect and network during the 3-day conference, which featured the theme Leveraging the Power of the Network in Rapidly Changing Times. This paper highlights takeaways from the conference’s plenary sessions, panel discussions, and abstract presentations.

Covid-19 Proactive Disease Management Using Covid Virtual Hospital In A Rural Community, Gandhari Loomis, Regina Rhodes, Ed Bujold, Golnosh Sharafsaleh, Ellen Collett, Mark Irwin, Elizabeth W. Staton, John M. Westfall

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: A community teaching hospital serving a rural population established an intensive “hospital at home” program for patients with COVID-19 utilizing disease risk stratification and pulse oximeter readings to dictate nurse and clinician contact. Herein, we report patient outcomes and provider experiences resulting from this “virtual” approach to triaging pandemic care.

Methods: COVID-19-positive patients appropriate for outpatient management were enrolled in our COVID Virtual Hospital (CVH). Patients received pulse oximeters and instructions for home monitoring of vital signs. CVH nurses contacted the patient within 12–48 hours. The primary care provider was alerted of the patient’s diagnosis and held a virtual …

Identifying Patient Perceptions Of Inequality In Public Health Care Services: Evidence From A Single Indian Administrative District, Barnali Biswas, Piyal Basu Roy

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Assessment of patient experiences is an essential step to revamp patient-centered care and identify systemic effectiveness as part of universal health coverage. This paper analyzes the variation of health care at different levels of the public health care system in India by measuring patients’ experience with the care they have received in the Alipurduar district of India.

Methods: From May 2021 to April 2022, stratified sampling technique was applied to collect primary data from 450 patients having different health problems from different levels of the public health care system. In addition, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) …

Reaching Consensus On The Future Direction Of A Resource Center Within A Ucedd: A Quality Improvement Delphi Project, Emily J. Hickey Phd, Amy D. Whitehead Mpa, Rachel Weingarten Bs, Leann Smith Dawalt Phd

Developmental Disabilities Network Journal

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families need access to timely, quality information and assistance about relevant services and supports. Despite statewide systems of information and assistance for this population, there is a need for “in-the-moment” assistance for individuals and family members who participate in on-site research, training and or service delivery at the Waisman Center. The aim of this quality improvement project was to clarify the role of an internal Resource Center so as to align with the staff resources available and not duplicate statewide systems of support.

The Waisman Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison the …

Analysis Of Performance And Failure Modes Of The Iroc Proton Liver Phantom, Hunter Mehrens, Paige Taylor, Paola Alvarez, Stephen Kry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To analyze trends in institutional performance and failure modes for the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core’s (IROC’s) proton liver phantom.

Materials and Methods: Results of 66 phantom irradiations from 28 institutions between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and random forest models were used to associate irradiation conditions with phantom results. Phantom results included pass/fail classification, average thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) ratio of both targets, and percentage of pixels passing gamma of both targets. The following categories were evaluated in terms of how they predicted these outcomes: irradiation year, treatment planning system (TPS), TPS algorithm, treatment machine, number …

Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Allogeneic Cord Blood T-Regulatory Cells For Treatment Of Covid-19 Ards, Douglas E Gladstone, Franco D'Alessio, Christopher Howard, Mi-Ae Lyu, Jason R Mock, Kevin W Gibbs, Darryl Abrams, Meixian Huang, Ke Zeng, James P Herlihy, Sergio T Castillo, Roland Bassett, Tara Sadeghi, Simrit Parmar, Christopher R Flowers, Siddhartha Mukherjee, David Schoenfeld, Peter F Thall, Arthur S Slutsky

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Reduced Versus Usual Lipid Emulsion Dosing On Bilirubin Neurotoxicity And Neurodevelopmental Impairment In Extremely Preterm Infants: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Lindsay F Holzapfel, Cody Arnold, Jon E Tyson, Steven M Shapiro, Eric W Reynolds, Claudia Pedroza, Emily K Stephens, Alan Kleinfeld, Andrew H Huber, Matthew A Rysavy, Maria Del Mar Romero Lopez, Amir M Khan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Bilirubin neurotoxicity (BN) occurs in premature infants at lower total serum bilirubin levels than term infants and causes neurodevelopmental impairment. Usual dose lipid infusions in preterm infants may increase free fatty acids sufficiently to cause bilirubin displacement from albumin, increasing passage of unbound bilirubin (UB) into the brain leading to BN and neurodevelopmental impairment not reliably identifiable in infancy. These risks may be influenced by whether cycled or continuous phototherapy is used to control bilirubin levels.

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in wave V latency measured by brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) at 34-36 weeks gestational age in infants born …

Roving Methyltransferases Generate A Mosaic Epigenetic Landscape And Influence Evolution In Bacteroides Fragilis Group, Michael J Tisza, Derek D N Smith, Andrew E Clark, Jung-Ho Youn, Pavel P Khil, John P Dekker

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Three types of DNA methyl modifications have been detected in bacterial genomes, and mechanistic studies have demonstrated roles for DNA methylation in physiological functions ranging from phage defense to transcriptional control of virulence and host-pathogen interactions. Despite the ubiquity of methyltransferases and the immense variety of possible methylation patterns, epigenomic diversity remains unexplored for most bacterial species. Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) reside in the human gastrointestinal tract as key players in symbiotic communities but also can establish anaerobic infections that are increasingly multi-drug resistant. In this work, we utilize long-read sequencing technologies to perform pangenomic (n = …

Response To "Department Of Commerce, National Institute Of Standards And Technology, Agency Information Collection Activities", Fred D. Ledley

CISI Publication

This response supports the recommendations of the interagency working group for Bayh-Dole that the dataset collected and archived in iEdison “…be amended and expanded so that the agencies could get a clear picture of the commercialization plans for subject inventions, what the licensing landscape looked like, (and) what products were resulting, …”

Our comments are informed by several recent studies describing the effectiveness and reach of the Bayh-Dole Act in promoting and protecting the public interest in practical applications of government-funded biomedical research to pharmaceutical innovations.

Pandemic Response Officers: Integration Between Medical, Public Health, And Higher Education Systems To Expedite Prevention And Response., Anne C Jones, Genevive R Meredith, Donna Leong, Sabine Jamal, Rachel Buckwalter, John D Clarke, Marin Clarkberg, Allan Bishop, Frank Cantone, Claire Espey, Frank Kruppa, Mary George Opperman, Gary A Koretzky

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

CONTEXT: Research and policy studies alike have enumerated population and community health benefits of system integration between medical, public health, and social entities. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity of a well-trained and adequately staffed public health and medical workforce in order to process SARS-CoV-2 cases and prevent subsequent transmission. Higher education systems, in particular, represented defined populations of exposure and transmission. Opportunities existed for collaboration and task sharing between institutions of higher education and local public health departments to limit spread and impacts.

PROGRAM: This article describes the Pandemic Response Officer (PRO) program at Cornell University, …

Measuring Quality At The Surgeon Level, Elias A Chamely, Jonah J Stulberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients expect high-quality surgical care and increasingly are looking for ways to assess the quality of the surgeon they are seeing, but quality measurement is often more complicated than one might expect. Measurement of individual surgeon quality in a manner that allows for comparison among surgeons is particularly difficult. While the concept of measuring individual surgeon quality has a long history, technology now allows for new and innovative ways to measure and achieve surgical excellence. However, some recent efforts to make surgeon-level quality data publicly available have highlighted the challenges of this work. Through this chapter, the reader will be …

Measurement Of Fatigue In Patients Receiving Kidney Replacement Therapy, Melandrea L Worsley, Akshta Pai, L Parker Gregg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.