Public Health Commons^™

Hospitalists Stare Down The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sutoidem Akpanudo

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Hospital medicine is the country's fastest growing medical specialty. The role of hospitalists has evolved greatly in the past few decades. Hospitalists have become the quarterbacks in the effort to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has brought about a transformational change to the practice of Hospital Medicine.

Concordance And Patient-Centered Care In Medicaid Enrollees’ Care Experience With Providers, Iwimbong Kum Ghabowen, Neeraj Bhandari

Healthcare Administration and Policy Faculty Research

Patient-centered care is at the nexus of several overlapping institutional reforms to improve health care system performance. However, we know little regarding Medicaid patients’ experience with their doctors along several key dimensions of patient-centered care, and how their experience compares with Medicare and privately insured patients. We studied 4 outcomes using the 2017 National Health Interview Survey: patient–provider concordance on racial/sexual/cultural identity, respectful provider attitude, solicitation of patient opinion/beliefs during the care encounter, and patient-centered communication (PCC). The primary independent variable was Medicaid enrollee status. We dichotomized responses and ran multivariate logistic regressions for each type of care experience outcome, …

Content Analysis Of Digital Media Coverage Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine School-Entry Requirement Policy In Puerto Rico, Vivian Colón-López, Vilnery Rivera-Figueroa, Glizette O. Arroyo-Morales, Diana T. Medina-Laabes, Roxana Soto-Abreu, Manuel Rivera-Encarnación, Olga L. Díaz-Miranda, Ana P. Ortiz, Katelyn B. Wells, Coralia Vázquez-Otero, Pamela C. Hull

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: In August 2018, Puerto Rico (PR) became the 4th state or territory in the United States to adopt a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine school-entry requirement, for students 11-12 years old. Evidence suggests that the content of media coverage may impact people's perception of HPV vaccine and their willingness to vaccinate. This study aimed to analyze the content of digital news coverage related to the implementation of the policy in PR.

METHODS: A content review was conducted of digital media published from January 2017 through December 2018. The content reviewed was carried out in two steps: 1) creating a matrix …

Testing The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) To Predict The Use Of New Technology For Social Connectedness In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Jason Flatt

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Loneliness or social isolation, recently described as a “behavioral epidemic,” remains a long-standing public health issue, which has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of technology has been suggested to enhance social connectedness and to decrease the negative health outcomes associated with social isolation. However, till today, no theory-based studies were performed to examine the determinants of technology use. Therefore, the current study aims to test theory-based determinants in explaining the adoption of new technology in a nationally representative sample during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 382). A psychometrically reliable and valid instrument based on the multi-theory model (MTM) …

A Cost Effectiveness Analysis Of The Nutritious Eating With Soul Study, Mary Jones Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE Historically, African Americans (AA) have been underrepresented in nutritionrelated behavioral research despite their disproportionate higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Nutritious Eating with Soul (NEW Soul) Study is one of the first of its kind to recruit an AA only study group to examine CVD prevention via a clinical trial to examine changes in CVD risk factors across two cohorts who are randomly assigned to a plant-based, soul food vegan diet or low-fat omnivorous (omni) diet. The purpose of cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) is to inform clinical and policy decisions and the costs of interventions that society is …

Examining The Cost And Quality Relationship In Medicare, Alexandria Fleming Delage

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost and quality of care dynamic among physicians billing under Medicare Fee for Service in 2018 to examine the relationship between quality and total cost of care at the physician level. Examining this relationship will advance scientific knowledge regarding the impact of increasing high value service use on healthcare costs and will provide insight in terms of expected cost outcomes of quality programs for healthcare policymakers (Salmond and Echevarria 2017; Williams, Brown, and Healy 2018).

Methods.

The study used publicly available data sets provided by the Center for Medicare and …

Risk Of Early-Onset Dementia Among Persons With Tinnitus: A Retrospective Case–Control Study, Yen-Fu Cheng, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs. Ph.D., Tzong- Han Yang, Chuan-Song Wu, Yi-Wei Kao, Herng-Ching Lin

Faculty Publications

Higher rates of poor cognitive performance are known to prevail among persons with tinnitus in all age groups. However, no study has explored the association between tinnitus and early-onset dementia. We hypothesize that tinnitus may precede or occur concurrently with subclinical or early onset dementia in adults younger than 65 years of age. This case–control study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, identifying 1308 patients with early-onset dementia (dementia diagnosed before 65 years of age) and 1308 matched controls. We used multivariable logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for prior tinnitus among patients with dementia …

A Nationwide Population-Based Study On The Association Between Land Transport Accident And Peripheral Vestibular Disorders, Herng-Ching Lin, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs,Ph.D., Chia-Hui Wang, Yen-Fu Cheng, Tsai-Ching Liu, Tzong-Hann Yang

Faculty Publications

This case-control study aimed to investigate the association of peripheral vestibular disorders (PVD) with subsequent land transport accidents. Data for this study were obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) dataset. We retrieved 8704 subjects who were newly found to have land transport accidents as cases. Their diagnosis date was used as their index date. Controls were identified by propensity score matching (one per case, n = 8704 controls) from the NHI dataset with their index date being the date of their first health service claim in 2017. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to calculate the prior PVD odds ratio …

An Investigation Of Healthcare Supports For Those With Food Allergy In Ireland, Joseph Bolger, Nicola Blake, Sneha Vinod

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: In Ireland, around 5% of children and 3% adults have food allergy (134,000 people). This current paper describes a survey that was carried out on a subset of service-users with the aim of identifying whether there is a need for increased specialist medical services and/or for a funded charity such as Anaphylaxis Ireland, defunct since 2015.

Materials & Methods: These needs were assessed via an online survey using Google Forms. The survey was conducted from 17-27th February 2020. There were 31 questions in total, relating to topics such as symptoms, clinical wait times, satisfaction with care provided and demand …

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2021, Iujhs Full Issue

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

The full June 2021 issue (Volume 1, Issue 1) of the International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Prevention Committee Review: Family Justice Centers-A Not-So-Novel, But Unknown Gem, Thomas K. Duncan, Ronald Stewart, Kimberly Joseph, Deborah A. Kuhls, Tracey Dechert, Sharven Taghavi, Stephanie Bonne, Kazuhide Matsushima

School of Medicine Faculty Research

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma requires that trauma centers demonstrate adequate financial support for an injury prevention program as part of the verification process. With the ongoing challenges that arise with important social determinants of health, trauma centers have the important task of navigating a patient through the complex process of obtaining services and tools for success. This summary from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee focuses on a model that has been present for several years, but has not been brought to full awareness in the trauma world. It highlights the importance …

The Discrete-Event Modeling Of Administrative Claims (Demac) System: Dynamically Modeling The U.S. Healthcare Delivery System With Medicare Claims Data To Improve End-Of-Life Care, Rachael Chacko

Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses

The shift of the U.S. healthcare delivery system from the treatment of acute conditions to chronic diseases requires a new method of healthcare system analysis to properly assess end- of-life (EOL) quality throughout the country. In this paper, we propose the Discrete-Event Modeling of Administrative Claims (DEMAC) system, which relies on a hetero-functional graph theory and discrete event-driven framework to dynamically model EOL care on multiple levels. The heat map visualizations produced by the DEMAC system enable the elucidation of not only patient-specific EOL care but also broader treatment patterns among providers and hospitals. As a whole, the DEMAC system …

Incompatibility Group I1 (Inci1) Plasmids: Their Genetics, Biology, And Public Health Relevance, Steven L. Foley, Pravin R. Kaldhone, Steven C. Ricke, Jing Han

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Bacterial plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that often carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding increased virulence and can be transmissible among bacteria by conjugation. One key group of plasmids is the incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids, which have been isolated from multiple Enterobacteriaceae of food animal origin and clinically ill human patients. The IncI group of plasmids were initially characterized due to their sensitivity to the filamentous bacteriophage If1. Two prototypical IncI1 plasmids, R64 and pColIb-P9, have been extensively studied, and the plasmids consist of unique regions associated with plasmid replication, plasmid stability/maintenance, transfer machinery apparatus, single-stranded DNA …

Migration As A Determinant Of Childhood Obesity In The United States And Latin America, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Arturo V. Bustamante, Nancy López-Olmedo, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi, Jaqueline Torres, Karen E. Peterson, Graciela Teruel, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

International migration has economic and health implications. The acculturation process to the host country may be linked to childhood obesity. We use the Community Energy Balance (CEB) framework to analyze the relationship between migration and childhood obesity in Mexican households with international migrants. Using longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS), we examine how migrant networks affect childhood obesity in origin communities. We also review binational health programs that could be effective at tackling childhood obesity in migrant households from Mexico. Children embedded in migrant networks are at greater risk of developing overweight or obesity, suggesting a significant …

Implementation Of Childhood Obesity Prevention And Control Policies In The United States And Latin America: Lessons For Cross-Border Research And Practice, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Elizabeth Rhodes, Olga L. Sarmiento, Camila Corvalan, Rachel Sturke, Susan Vorkoper

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Progress has been made in the development and widespread implementation of effective interventions to address childhood obesity, yet important challenges remain. To understand how the United States and Latin American countries achieved success in implementing obesity policies and programs (PAPs) and identify improvement opportunities using implementation science principles. We identified three comparative case studies: (1) front-of-food package labeling (Mexico and Chile); (2) Open Streets/play streets (Colombia and the United States); and (3) the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (Brazil and the United States). Information from multiple sources (e.g., scientific and gray literature and key informant interviews) was synthesized to describe barriers, facilitators, …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of Using Mobile Health Apps In Underserved Patients With Diabetes, Jieyu Luo

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a condition with a growing morbidity and mortality burden. An estimated 30 million adults currently live with diabetes, with each individual spending over $9500 annually on medical care. The successful management of diabetes is a lifelong endeavor. This involves balancing a variety of factors including diet, medications, and glucose monitoring. It has been well established that successful control of diabetes depends largely upon patients’ daily lifestyle habits and activities. Not all patients, however, have the resources necessary for effective diabetes management. Health disparities lead to a higher rate of diabetes development in minority and poor populations. …

Essays On Predictive And Prescriptive Analytics For Risk Monitoring And Population Screening In Healthcare Management, Yan He

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Due to increased aging populations and changes in lifestyles, we have witnessed an increased prevalence of various chronic and acute diseases and a drastic rise in healthcare expenditures in recent years. It is of paramount importance for public health to promote regular screening and close monitoring to detect the early onset of diseases. On the other hand, the increasing availability of healthcare data and advancement in data analytics offer a huge potential to facilitate this goal. We can analyze the vast amount of data and recommend more personalized diagnostic tests after receiving results and signals from screening tests and monitoring …

Evaluation Of The Implementation Of The Performance-Based Capitation Policy (Kbk) At The Merial Health Clinic Of Dki Jakarta City In 2020, Muktamar Umakaapa, Amal Chalik Sjaaf

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

To improve the quality of health services at Primary Health Care (FKTP) in implementing the National Health Insurance Program in Indonesia, the government has issued a performance-based capitation payment (KBK) policy at the FKTP. This study aims to evaluate the performance-based capitation payment policy in Merial Health clinic from the aspects of effectiveness, efficiency, facilities and infrastructure, availability of human resources, adequacy, and legal compliance. This study performed in-depth interviews and document reviews. The results showed that the effectiveness of the policy has been optimal but is still constrained by the socialization of the KBK policy and visits to health …

Swot Analysis Of Psbb Policy Implementation At Public Facilities Or Areas In Bekasi City In March-June 2020, Lidya Dwijayani

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

: The government of Bekasi City has released specific policies related to PSBB, which started from April 15, 2020, until the fifth amendment that will be over on July 2, 2020, due to the high prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bekasi City. Methods: Our study using a combination approach between Media Content Analysis for collecting the secondary data and SWOT analysis plus Trias Policy Analysis in evaluation and identification the role of several elements related to specific policies released from the Government of Bekasi City. Result: There are some best recommendations based on our SWOT analysis and Trias Policy …

Comparative Analysis Of Routine Immunization Policy During Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia, India, And Pakistan, Dian Trisna Delfyan, Yaslis Ilyas

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, averting an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year. Before the coronavirus pandemic, more than nearly 14 million children didn't receive any vaccines, and 19 million children below the age did not receive the recommended vaccines in 2019. COVID 19 is leaving many of the world's most marginalized children without access to immunization services. Some are from Indonesia, India, and Pakistan, including ten countries with the highest number of unimmunized and partially immunized children. The study aims to find out the differences in the policy of routine immunization programs …

Determinants Of Family Planning Unmet Needs In West Java And Policy Recommendations During The Covid-19 Pandemic (Based On Advanced Analysis Of 2019 Skap Data), Ayudina Larasanti, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Rina Herartri Herartri, Margareth Maya Parulianta Naibaho

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The Unmet Need for Family Planning (KB) in 2019 is still far from the 2015-2019 Strategic Plan target set at 9.91 percent. Seventeen provinces have a percentage of Unmet Need KB above the national figure (14.4 percent). One of them is WestJava Province, with a percentage of Unmet Need of 14.8%. Provinces with a high number ofUnmet Needs require the attention of policymakers, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. West Java is the high-risk red zone category of COVID-19. Increased public awareness of the transmission of Covid-19 is an additional constraint to reducing the Unmet Need for family planning in the …

A Study On Legal Policy Of Pharmacy Education And Pharmacy Workers Related To The Urgency Of Establishing Pharmacy Law, Rasta Naya Pratita, Adang Bachtiar

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

According to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, health is one of the basic human rights. One of the aspects that support health is the aspect of pharmacy. Pharmacy workers consist of Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technical Workers according to Law No. 36/2014 regarding Health Workers. In practice, pharmacy education in Indonesia is considered not sufficient to prepare the pharmacy workforce. There are currently contradictions in the applied pharmaceutical policy, where the number of pharmacy undergraduate programs is 279, while the number of pharmacist study programs is only 45. This results in an imbalance of graduates. There is a …

Improving Identification Of Seniors At Risk Tool Adherence To Identify Emergency Department Readmissions In Older Adults, Joy Gao

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

The purpose of this evidence-based project (EBP) is to improve the emergency department (E.D.) staff adherence in completing the Identifying Seniors at Risk (ISAR) screening tool. The specific aim is to improve electronic health record (EHR) data collection to enhance the identification of older adults that are frequent utilizers of the E.D. at a local community hospital in Southern California. Based upon the most recent National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, patients ages 65 and older make up 32% of all E.D. admissions. These patients also represent 50% of the moderate to severely ill patients seen in the E.D. …

Understanding Older Adults Living In Medically Underserved Areas Perspectives Regarding Type 2 Diabetes Care Received, Christopher Rogers

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Older adults with type 2 diabetes living in medically underserved areas (MUAs) have unique health and social needs that must be taken into consideration when supporting their type 2 diabetes treatment and management care. Effective treatment and management of type 2 diabetes for older adults living in MUAs requires incorporating the preferences, desires, needs, values, and goals of the person at the center of the care into his/her care plan. Shifting care to be conducive to the treatment and management goals and plans co-created with older adults living in MUAs based on their individual physical, psychological, social, and spiritual preferences, …

Fire Service Covid-19 Infection Prevention And Control Policy Comparison, Saaddedine Dichari

Theses & Dissertations

To date, there have been over 2.7 million deaths and more than 126 million cases attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic (JHU, 2021). This pandemic has affected nearly every aspect of daily life. Among those impacted are U.S. firefighters, as they provide many services beyond simply extinguishing structure fires and are frequently dual certified as emergency medical technicians. Many of the victims of this pandemic have relied on first responders to provide them with emergency medical care and hospital transport. When caring for these infected patients, firefighters have an increased risk of exposure and must be provided with adequate …

Case Report: The Value Of Vigilance And Iterative Evaluations With An Uncooperative Patient In The Emergency Department, Duwayne Campbell

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Discussion

A Flexible and Vigilant Approach: The initial presenting information from EMS could have led to anchoring bias. A flexible approach led to new information, which led to interative testing.

Iterative physical examination. There are cases, as seen in this case report, where the physical examination was unreliable or even impossible. Iterative evaluations ultimately led to appropriate imaging and accurate diagnosis.

Iterative testing: In the case presented, the radiologist reported a finding as being present on a prior CXR; however, given the patient’s clinical presentation, further imaging studies were necessary.

Covid-19 Resources For Speakers Of Other Languages (Covid Resol), Ali Harb, Irvin Santiago-Bautista, Sulleymarie Sanchez

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Objectives

• identify barriers to COVID 19 testing and vaccination in NJ Hispanics with limited English proficiency (LEP)
• develop resources targeted towards vaccination for Hispanic NJ residents and communities in Atlantic, Camden, and Cumberland counties
• share evidence based information regarding the COVID 19 pandemic and disease spread prevention

Conclusions

• Barriers to equitable COVID 19 care for NJ Hispanics with LEP may include but is not limited to resource availability in Spanish, misinformation about COVID 19, a lack of understanding about where and how to get tested and/or vaccinated, and transportation accessibility
• Increased efforts for providing equitable access to vaccination and testing …

Physician Perceptions Of Stress And Telemedicine, Jenna Guma, Katelyn Klimowich, Juming Pan, Danielle Cooley, Philip Collins

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Telemedicine is an emerging field in which physicians are able to interact electronically with patients to improve health. Telemedicine can be performed through virtual platforms such as email, telephone and video, and can provide or augment care to a multitude of patients.

During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of telemedicine has grown exponentially in an effort to continue to see patients and manage their care. The unprecedented era of social distancing and overloaded hospital systems has led many primary care providers and specialists alike to rapidly develop these capabilities in their practices.

Benefits of telemedicine include: increasing access …

County-Level Factors That Influenced The Trajectory Of Covid-19 Incidence In The New York City Area, Ashley Wendell Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

More than a century of research has shown that sociodemographic conditions affect infectious disease transmission. In the late spring and early summer of 2020, reports of the effects of sociodemographic variables on the spread of COVID- 19 were used in the media with minimal scientific proof attached. With new cases of COVID-19 surging in the United States at that time, it became essential to better understand how the spread of COVID-19 was varying across all segments of the population. We used hierarchical exponential growth curve modeling techniques to examine whether community socioeconomic characteristics uniquely influence the incidence of reported COVID-19 …

Medicare Support For Dental And Podiatry Graduate Medical Education Programs., Candice Chen, Yoonkyung Chung, Geoffrey Broadbent, Elizabeth Mertz

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Importance: Oral health care faces ongoing workforce challenges that affect patient access and outcomes. While the Medicare program provides an estimated $14.6 billion annually in graduate medical education (GME) payments to teaching hospitals, including explicit support for dental and podiatry programs, little is known about the level or distribution of this public investment in the oral health and podiatry workforce.

Objective: To examine Medicare GME payments to teaching hospitals for dental and podiatry residents from 1998 to 2018, as well as the distribution of federal support among states, territories, and the District of Columbia.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional …