Public Health Commons^™

Patient Engagement In Action: Timing And Intensity Of Strategies Used To Engage Low Income Depressed Mothers Of Infants And Toddlers, Maureen J. Baker, Beth Perry Black, Linda S. Beeber

Patient Experience Journal

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the process of patient engagement and to determine how components of patient engagement were operationalized in the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship with low income, depressed mothers, a traditionally underserved population. Using a descriptive quantitative design, we examined how components of patient engagement were executed across three phases of the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship. We assessed for differences in engagement strategies used in different phases of the interpersonal relationship and with mothers with varying levels of engagement. Through this study, we observed that patient engagement has several dynamic components varying in intensity and frequency, depending …

Patient Participation Strategies: The Nursing Bedside Handover, Irene Decelie

Patient Experience Journal

Patient participation is an important goal in today’s health care and considered necessary to achieve safe and quality patient care. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the historical and theoretical background surrounding the concept of patient participation in health care and specifically to examine patient participation strategies which have been reported to be of influence when employed during the nurse to nurse and patient to nurse activities encompassed in the bedside handover. The bedside handover is the nursing activity of transferring primary nursing responsibility of care from one nurse to another. Encouraging patients to participate during this process …

Enhancing Patient Involvement In Quality Improvement: How Complaint Managers See Their Roles And Limitations, Nathalie Clavel, Marie-Pascale Pomey

Patient Experience Journal

Patient involvement is a priority for healthcare organizations seeking to improve the quality of care and services. The contribution that complaint handling can make towards quality improvement has remained underexplored, while healthcare organizations are implementing strategies to effectively involve patients in quality improvement. We conducted a qualitative study to understand how complaint managers see their roles and limitations in enhancing patient involvement in quality improvement. A convenience sample of eleven complaint managers was selected from nine Canadian healthcare organizations with various annual volumes of complaints and situated in different settings (urban, rural, and semi-urban). The data were analyzed using a …

How Information Sharing Can Improve Patient And Family Experience In Critical Care: A Focus Group Study, Jayne Garner, Sioban Kelly, Girendra Sadera, Victoria Treadway

Patient Experience Journal

The experience of being in hospital critical care has major impacts upon the patient, their family and carers. This situation is likely to be stressful, fast changing and challenging for those involved. Crucial to this encounter are factors relating to information sharing between the clinical team, the patient, family and carers. Focus groups at a UK hospital site with former patients, their families and carers provides insight into their journey and the factors that influence this. Issues that emerged included the format of information, how and who delivered this, communication transition out of critical care and leaving hospital. While participants …

Living With Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd): Exploring The Biggest Challenges For People Affected By Cvd In The Uk, And Their Use (Or Not) Of Online Resources, Sarah-Ann Burger, Alan J. Poots, Anna Perris, Helen Crump, Helen Thorne, Sally Hughes, Jacob West

Patient Experience Journal

As death rates decrease, people affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to live with these diseases and the associated challenges, long-term. We aimed to identify the biggest challenges for people affected by CVD in the UK and explore the sources of support and information used to help manage conditions, to inform future service provision. An online questionnaire was sent and advertised to people over 16 years old in the UK self-identifying as affected by CVD (living with CVD, had risk factors, or a carer). There were 13,885 responses. The top five challenges were: feeling down, sad, or depressed; making changes …

Exploring Peer Mentoring In Pediatric Transition: Perspectives Of Different Stakeholders About Accompanying Patients In Gastroenterology, Guillaume Dumais-Lévesque, Marie-Pascale Pomey

Patient Experience Journal

The literature identifies several issues in the pediatric transition, such as the lack of coordination between pediatric and adult settings and young patients who are not exercising independence in the self-management of their disease. The objective of this study is to explore the potential for a pediatric transition program in gastroenterology, introducing an accompanying patient program to support the transition. A qualitative case study was conducted, including semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews with each group involved in the pediatric transition between two centres in Quebec. A thematic analysis of the collected data was performed using QDA Miner v5.1. In …

Collecting Child-Patient Feedback: A Systematic Review On The Patient-Reported Outcome Measures For Hospitalized Children, Haneen Ali, Astin Cole, Adam Sienkiewicz, Steffie Rosene, Reagan Shaffer, Robert Thames

Patient Experience Journal

Accurate reporting of patient experiences is a crucial resource for hospitals engaged in patient-and-family-centered care (PFCC). However, studies suggest that most children do not respond to patient satisfaction surveys and are instead represented by their parents or guardians. This study reviewed instruments used to obtain feedback from children about their healthcare experiences for two purposes: 1) To understand the limitations of current tools and 2) To determine if creating a new instrument is necessary. A systematic review was performed on PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed questionnaires designed to collect children's healthcare experiences. Out of the …

The Impact Of Parental Presence In The Nicu On Hospital Alienation And Other Distress Measures, Katherine D. Taylor, Lindsey Mclaughlin, Devon Kuehn, Justin Campbell, John Kohler Sr, Jason Higginson

Patient Experience Journal

Parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) positively impacts infant development. Few studies have examined the impact of presence on parental distress. Alienation, or lack of trust in the healthcare team, may occur independently from other forms of distress. Increased parental presence was hypothesized to reduce alienation by allowing for more positive in-person interaction with hospital staff. Parents of infants born < 28 weeks or < 1000 grams were prospectively enrolled and completed several surveys measuring distress prior to discharge, including a novel hospital alienation questionnaire. Spearman correlation was used to compare distress measures and visitation rates of 68 mothers and 6 fathers. Alienation was rarely reported and was uncorrelated with other distress measures. Maternal presence was most strongly correlated with anxiety, though this was not statistically significant. Fathers who were more alienated were present in the NICU less and correlation between maternal and paternal alienation was strong. These results were not statistically significant, however. Though statistically significant results were not produced in this research, hospital alienation does appear to be a distinct concept that has been unstudied previously.

Experience Framework

This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework. (http://bit.ly/ExperienceFramework)

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Cancer Patient Perspectives During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Thematic Analysis Of Cancer Blog Posts, Matthew A. Hintermayer, Mark Sorin, Joan M. Romero, Sarah M. Maritan, Owen J. Chen, Surabhi Rawal

Patient Experience Journal

The content of online cancer patient blogs has previously been analyzed to inform physicians about the cancer experience and patient concerns. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected cancer patients due to their vulnerable health status, as well as changes in cancer testing and treatment. We sought to qualitatively describe the concerns and experiences expressed online by cancer patients, survivors, and family members in relation to COVID-19. 152 blog posts written by cancer patients, survivors, or family members, were selected using combined Boolean searches and snowball sampling. Reviewers extracted subthemes from blog posts using line-by-line text analysis until …

Patient-Centric Culture And Implications For Patient Engagement During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Umair Majid, Aghna Wasim

Patient Experience Journal

Some consider patient engagement as the “holy grail” of healthcare because of its potential to revolutionize how we view and address health system problems. Multiple efforts around the world have attempted to cultivate a patient-centric culture whereby health services are grounded by the needs and preferences of patients. Recently, health service organizations are engaging patients in a wide array of activities including research and quality improvement. There are many ethical imperatives and economic and social benefits to patient engagement such as higher patient self-esteem and trust, and a more cost-efficient system. However, these benefits have been realized in some contexts …

Moving Forward To The Future Of Healthcare, Jason A. Wolf

Patient Experience Journal

To say this moment in our shared global history feels shaky or uncertain for so many is not a statement of despair. Rather, it is acknowledging a reality through which we can best act and hopefully step through. As of the time this editorial will publish, well over 50 million cases of COVID-19 will have been reported. This is a reality all of humanity is sharing together; it is a challenge that healthcare is being called on to tackle. The work of people around the world to care for the sick, to find the right treatments and vaccines and the …

Scholars And Sense

DePaul Magazine

Four DePaul alumni who were the recipients of McNair scholarships have gone on to careers of servies. Pedro Serrano is a public health researcher who most recently has been working on how COVID-19 is affecting people's emotional, physical and mental health. Pascale Ife Williams, a human ecologist, engages is culture and arts initiatives that lift up communities oppressed by institutional inequity. Peter Dziedzic explores interfaith dialogue and religious pluralism as a PhD candidate at Harvard University. Robert Vargas, a tenured sociology professor at the University of Chicago, is using geographic information system mapping software to help governments anticipate and reduce …

Substance Use Among Rural And Urban Youth And Young Adults, Jennifer D. Lenardson Mhs, Nathan Paluso Mph, Erika C. Ziller Phd

Mental Health / Substance Use Disorders

Rural youth and young adults have historically had higher use rates of alcohol and other substances than their urban counterparts. Recent research suggests that rates of youth and young adult alcohol and other substance use have declined over the past two decades, but we have limited knowledge of whether and how current rural and urban substance use patterns may differ. As national substance use rates decline, it is important to re-assess differences in use among rural versus urban youth and young adults. This study uses data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to examine rural-urban differences …

Availability And Affordability Of Medicines And Cardiovascular Outcomes In 21 High-Income, Middle-Income And Low-Income Countries, Clara Kayei Chow, Tu Ngoc Nguyen, Simone Marschner, Rafael Diaz, Omar Rahman, Alvaro Avezum, Scott A. Lear, Koon Teo, Karen E. Yeates, Khawar Kazmi

Section of Cardiology

Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.
Methods: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types …

The Role Of The Opioid Crisis In Elder Abuse, Kimberly I. Snow Mhsa, Jennifer Pratt, Stuart Bratesman Mpp

Disability & Aging

As the opioid crisis has deepened over the past twenty years, its effect on individuals and families, including older adults, has grown. To find out how the opioid crisis might be impacting elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation in Maine, we conducted a mixed methods analysis of 2015-2018 Maine Adult Protective Services (APS) investigations to determine: 1) Did opioid-related investigations increase over time? 2) Do investigations involving opioid misuse or abuse differ from investigations that don’t involve opioids? 3) What themes or features of cases involving opioid misuse or abuse by clients and/or perpetrators emerge from the data?

Key Findings: The …

Evaluating The Inclusion Of Family Planning Within The National Health Insurance Benefits Package In Ghana, Kamil Fuseini, Augustine Ankomah

Reproductive Health

Contraceptive use in Ghana has remained low despite annual increases since 2012. Having a high unmet need for family planning (FP) suggests that there may be barriers to access and uptake. Over time, several policies, including Ghana’s Costed Implementation Plan from 2015–20, have suggested FP initiatives to improve contraceptive use yet they have not been entirely implemented. Further, although FP was included in the health insurance act passed in 2003, amended in 2008, and revised in 2012, which indicated that health-care benefits include FP, people continue to pay out of pocket for services at National Health Insurance Authority facilities because …

Global Burden Of 87 Risk Factors In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Christopher J L Murray, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Gbd 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators, 938 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease.

Methods

GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of …

Global Age-Sex-Specific Fertility, Mortality, Healthy Life Expectancy (Hale), And Population Estimates In 204 Countries And Territories, 1950–2019: A Comprehensive Demographic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Kaja M. Abbas, Haidong Wang, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Gbd 2019 Demographics Collaborators, 725 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.

Methods

8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used …

Months Into The Covid-19 Pandemic, Community Health Centers Report Signs Of Improvement, But Face Financial Uncertainty, Jessica Sharac, James Hernandez, Feygele Jacobs, Peter Shin

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

Executive Summary:

This policy brief reports on the COVID-19 experience of the nation’s community health centers over a six-month period, utilizing data from the Health Resources and Services Administration’s (HRSA’s) weekly Health Center COVID-19 Survey from April 3rd, 2020 to October 2nd, 2020. The data demonstrate that community health centers were immediately responsive to the public health crisis, initiating diagnostic testing for the COVID-19 virus, and adapting care such as telehealth to address patient needs. However, with visits down overall and limited financial relief, the pandemic has taken an enormous financial toll on health centers. Cumulative patient revenue losses over …

A Century Later: Rural Public Health's Enduring Challenges And Opportunities., Erika C. Ziller Phd, Carly Milkowski Mph

Population Health

The US public health community has demonstrated increasing awareness of rural health disparities in the past several years. Although current interest is high, the topic is not new, and some of the earliest public health literature includes reports on infectious disease and sanitation in rural places. Continuing through the first third of the 20th century, dozens of articles documented rural disparities in infant and maternal mortality, sanitation and water safety, health care access, and among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color communities. Current rural research reveals similar challenges, and strategies suggested for addressing rural-urban health disparities 100 years ago resonate …

Blood Transfusion: Knowledge, Perspectives, And Experiences Of Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease, Raymona H. Lawrence, Ashley Singleton, Jane Branscomb

Department of Health Policy and Community Health Faculty Publications

Patient voice and perspective were needed to inform effective, comprehensive strategies for reducing preventable transfusion-associated complications. This report presents the results of interviews with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and implications for strategies to reduce transfusion complications in this population. Twenty-two participants were recruited from 2 comprehensive SCD treatment centers in Georgia and interviewed regarding knowledge about transfusions and potential complications, attitudes about data storage and sharing, and the transfusion experience. Participants had general knowledge of physiology, blood products, and blood transfusions, including knowing the risk of complications, but varied in comprehension of complex health information and level of misinformation. …

Something To Celebrate?: Demoting Dairy In Canada's National Food Guide, Maneesha Deckha

Journal of Food Law & Policy

In early 2019, the Canadian Government released the much-anticipated new Canada Food Guide. It is a food guide that de-emphasizes dairy products and promotes plant-based eating. Notably, in the new version, milk and milk products are de-listed as one of the previously four essential food groups. On the surface, it seems that the federal government is promoting veganism and helping to bring about a friendlier future for animals and humans harmed by being producers and consumers of dairy, as the new Guide may seriously contract the currently robust Canadian dairy industry and its powerful lobby. On closer inspection, the messaging …

Hs-4100 - Global Health Issues, Jose Nanin

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus includes OER materials and college policies for a fully online course that takes a comprehensive look at global health issues. In this course, the assessment of health issues are analyzed from various perspectives including geographic, ethnic, religious, human rights, socioeconomic, social, cultural, and political influences. Students learn about global environmental causes and consequences of infectious diseases, major diseases, mental illness, natural disasters, malnutrition, drug and alcohol addiction, violence and injuries.

Global Strategies And Local Implementation Of Health And Health-Related Sdgs: Lessons From Consultation In Countries Across Five Regions, Sameen Siddiqi, Wafa Aftab, Fahad Javaid Siddiqui, Luis Huicho, Roman Mogilevskii, Peter Friberg, Johanna Lindgren-Garcia, Sara Causevic, Anil Khamis, Mashal Murad Shah, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Community Health Sciences

Evidence on early achievements, challenges and opportunities would help low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) accelerate implementation of health and health-related sustainable development goals (HHSDGs). A series of country-specific and multicountry consultative meetings were conducted during 2018-2019 that involved 15 countries across five regions to determine the status of implementation of HHSDGs. Almost 120 representatives from health and non-health sectors participated. The assessment relied on a multidomain analytical framework drawing on existing public health policy frameworks. During the first 5 years of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) era, participating LMICs from South and Central Asia, East Africa and Latin America demonstrated …

Mapping Geographical Inequalities In Access To Drinking Water And Sanitation Facilities In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries, 2000–17, Aniruddha Deshpande, Robert C. Reiner Jr, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Local Burden Of Disease Wash Collaborators, 665 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities.

Methods

We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant …

Modeling The Impact Of Inclusion Of Family Planning Services In Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme, Justin Archer, Gillian Eva, Augustine Ankomah, Saumya Ramarao, Kamil Fuseini, Anne Coolen, Stephen Duku, Benjamin Bellows

Reproductive Health

While access to and uptake of modern family planning (FP) in Ghana has steadily risen over the last decade, the modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (mCPR) among all women reached only 22% in 2019 with 30% of women still reporting unmet need. To increase FP uptake via mitigation of cost barriers among women with unmet need, the Government of Ghana is seeking to integrate claims-based FP services into the National Health Insurance Scheme benefits package. The impact of these activities has the potential to be significant with the proportion of women accessing modern FP shifting dramatically to public facilities over the …

Impact Of 2012 Spanish Health Care Reform On Hiv-Positive Immigrants: A Mixed Methods Approach, Megi Gogishvili

Dissertations and Theses

Background: The financial crisis of 2008 hit Spain hard. As a consequence, the government took multiple austerity measures, including reforms in the healthcare system in 2012. Specifically, the government reduced the budget for health and social services by 13.7% in 2012.The reduction was further followed with structural changes via the 2012 Royal Decree Law (RDL) and Royal Decree (RD).The 2012 RDL and RD entailed broad areas of action,but most importantly the Spanish National Health System (SNS) no longer covered undocumented immigrants. The 2012 RDL and RD excluded approximately 500,000 undocumented immigrants from SNS.

The number of immigrants in Spain has …

Unf Preschool Covid-19 Pandemic Policy And Attendance Acknowledgement And Disclosure, Unf Preschool

UNF COVID-19 Response

Acknowledgement and disclosure form effective August 17, 2020

Con Confianza: Using Community-Based Participatory Research Principles To Inform Community-Academic Partnership Practices And Build Trust In Hispanic Communities, Sharon Tafolla

Master's Projects and Capstones

Hispanic communities are at disproportionate risk for chronic diseases and researchers have cited the need for further community and culturally informed studies to improve research outcomes to either make treatments and interventions more generalizable or modify them to the needs of Hispanic communities. However, many of the same linguistic and cultural barriers to health care access and utilization also impact the ability for Hispanic groups to participate in research studies. Community Academic Partnerships (CAPs) are positioned to conduct culturally and linguistically competent research in Hispanic communities. For research in Hispanic communities to be effective, CAPs must prioritize practices that build …

Harm Reduction In Prison Settings: A Relevant Approach To Reduce Hiv Transmission?, Amine Ghrabi

English Language Institute

Harm reduction defines a set of policies and interventions aiming to address the adverse health consequences associated with drug use. Compared to the general population, prisoners are disproportionally affected by HIV. Thanks to its strong emphasis on public health and human rights principles, harm reduction can effectively reduce transmission of HIV inside prison settings.