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Articles 2161 - 2190 of 2205
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
Breaking New Ground: Reaching Out To Women Farmers In Western Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona
Breaking New Ground: Reaching Out To Women Farmers In Western Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Over the last few decades, small-scale projects have been developed throughout Africa to help incorporate women farmers into the mainstream of agricultural extension services. This edition of SEEDS presents an interesting example from Zambia's Western Province—the Women's Extension Program, located within the Home Economics Section of the Department of Agriculture. This program is working to change a government agricultural bureaucracy from within by redefining mandates, encouraging attitude change through staff training, broadening village-level opportunities and perceptions, and widening technical and economic research agendas. The program’s experience emphasizes the importance of using a variety of approaches in order to effectively reach …
Abriendo Nuevos Zurcos: Apoyando A Las Agricultoras En El Oeste De Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona
Abriendo Nuevos Zurcos: Apoyando A Las Agricultoras En El Oeste De Zambia, Janice Jiggins, Paul Maimbo, Mary Masona
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
En años recientes se han llevado a cabo varios proyectos de pequeña escala en todo el continente africano con el fin de incorporar a las agricultoras en los servicios oficiales de apoyo a la agricultura. Esta edición de SEEDS presenta un interesante ejemplo de este tipo de iniciativa realizado en la Provincia Occidental de la República de Zambia—el Programa de Extensión para Mujeres de la División de Economía Doméstica del Departamento de Agricultura. El objetivo del proyecto es hacer un cambio radical en la manera en que funciona una burocracia agrícola al redefinir los mandatos, fomentar un cambio de actitud …
El Cuidado Infantil: Respuestas A Las Necesidades De Madres Que Trabajan Y Sus Hijos, Caroline Arnold, Jorge Mejia, Aster Haregot, Ann Leonard, Cassie Landers
El Cuidado Infantil: Respuestas A Las Necesidades De Madres Que Trabajan Y Sus Hijos, Caroline Arnold, Jorge Mejia, Aster Haregot, Ann Leonard, Cassie Landers
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Este número de SEEDS, desarrollada en cooperación con el Grupo Asesor sobre Cuidado y Desarrollo Infantil, y apoyada por UNICEF, busca reunir los elementos críticos del trabajo de la mujer y el cuidado infantil, estudiando el tema desde tres perspectivas: el cuidado infantil como servicio que permite que la mujer pueda trabajar, como fuente de empleo para la mujer, y como respuesta a los requerimientos del desarrollo infantil. Examina tres distintos tipos de cuidado infantil apoyados por UNICEF en tres continentes—Asia (Nepal), Africa (Etiopia), y América Latina (Ecuador). Los tres proyectos fueron desarrollados específicamente para madres que trabajan, y dos …
The Right To Die: An Old Woman's Formula, Mary Guinan
The Right To Die: An Old Woman's Formula, Mary Guinan
School of Public Health Faculty Research
On December 26, 1990, Nancy Cruzan died, 12 days after her feeding tube was removed. She had been in an irreversible coma for seven years and her parents had sued for the right to remove the feeding tube that was keeping her alive. The pain and suffering of her family in coming to this decision was certainly compounded by those who disagreed with them and tried to prevent the extubation. Whether one agrees with this particular decision or not, most of us will not be faced with such clear alternatives, ie, leave the tube in or take it out in …
Manual Para El Diseño De Investigación Operativa En Planificación Familiar, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Manual Para El Diseño De Investigación Operativa En Planificación Familiar, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
El Manual para el diseño de investigación operativa en planificación familiar, publicado por primera vez en inglés por el Population Council en 1983, se basó en las experiencias de los autores en investigaciones operativas en Asia. Esta segunda edición contiene secciones revisadas y aumentadas. En su caso, se han agregado ejemplos de América Latina y África. En la Introducción se hace una revisión completa y actualizada del desarrollo de la investigación operativa (IO) en salud y planificación familiar. Se han agregado nuevos capítulos sobre la selección de la intervención a ser probada en un investigación operativa sobre la descripción de …
Prevention Of Morbidity And Mortality From Induced And Unsafe Abortion In Nigeria, Friday E. Okonofua, Toun Ilumoka
Prevention Of Morbidity And Mortality From Induced And Unsafe Abortion In Nigeria, Friday E. Okonofua, Toun Ilumoka
Reproductive Health
These proceedings are from a seminar organized by the Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (Nigeria) in collaboration with the Population Council. The primary purpose of the multidisciplinary seminar was to identify the determinants of the high rate of mortality and morbidity from unsafe abortion in Nigeria. The specific objectives were: 1) to identify measures that could be undertaken on a short- and long-term basis to reduce the rate of abortion-related mortality, and 2) to set an agenda for research into abortion in Nigeria. The seminar consisted of oral presentations on related topics by researchers and …
Man/Hombre/Homme: Respuestas A Las Necesidades De La Salud Reproductiva Masculina En América Latina, Debbie Rogow, Judith Bruce, Ann Leonard
Man/Hombre/Homme: Respuestas A Las Necesidades De La Salud Reproductiva Masculina En América Latina, Debbie Rogow, Judith Bruce, Ann Leonard
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Esta edición de Quality/Calidad/Qualité responde a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo pueden los programas de planificación familiar entender y atender mejor a los intereses de los hombres? Las propuestas del artículo se derivan de la experiencia de PRO-PATER, en São Paulo, Brasil, y brevemente, de las actividades de la Clínica para el Hombre de Profamilia en Colombia. Las experiencias de tanto PRO-PATER como Profamilia sugieren que, aunque las necesidades de salud reproductiva de los hombres pueden ser distintas a las que expresan las mujeres, de todas maneras ellos están muy interesados. Queda claro que existe una abundante demanda para servicios de …
The Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition, Bonnie J. Kay, Adrienne Germain, Maggie Bangser
The Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition, Bonnie J. Kay, Adrienne Germain, Maggie Bangser
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition (BWHC) represents an important initiative in the movement toward more responsive modes of family planning delivery. In the context of a society where there are strict limits on the social role and physical mobility of most girls and women, BWHC has set itself the ambitious goal of enabling women—no matter what their income or education—to learn how to manage their own reproductive health and the health of their children in a way that enhances their sense of strength and competence. One of the real strengths of BWHC has been its willingness to learn from experience …
Child Care: Meeting The Needs Of Working Mothers And Their Children, Caroline Arnold, Jorge Mejia, Aster Haregot, Ann Leonard, Cassie Landers
Child Care: Meeting The Needs Of Working Mothers And Their Children, Caroline Arnold, Jorge Mejia, Aster Haregot, Ann Leonard, Cassie Landers
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This issue of SEEDS, developed in cooperation with the Consultative Group on Early Childhood Care and Development, with support from UNICEF, seeks to bring together the critical elements of women's work and child care, reviewing the issues from three different perspectives: child care as a means of enabling women to work, as a source of employment for women, and as a way of meeting the developmental needs of young children. The report examines three different UNICEF-supported approaches to child care on three different continents—Asia (Nepal), Africa (Ethiopia), and South America (Ecuador)—that have been developed with the needs of working women …
El Papel De Las Mujeres En La Conservación De Los Bosques Del Nepal, Augusta Molnar
El Papel De Las Mujeres En La Conservación De Los Bosques Del Nepal, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Este número de SEEDS pone de relieve las formas en que se ha hecho participar a las mujeres en un programa gubernamental de conservación y restauración de bosques en Nepal. Como en muchos proyectos de gran escala e impacto generalizado, las mujeres no tenían un papel específico en el diseño original del proyecto. Pero una vez que comenzaron las actividades, tanto el personal nepales como sus colegas extranjeros tuvieron que reconocer que para que la estrategía participative pudiera funcionar, era esencial contar con las mujeres. De ahí que durante los primeros cinco anos del proyecto (1980–85) se probaron varias maneras …
Handbook For Family Planning Operations Research Design, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Handbook For Family Planning Operations Research Design, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
The Handbook for Family Planning Operations Research Design, first published in English by the Population Council in 1983, was based on field research studies in Asia. This second edition contains revised and expanded sections. Where appropriate, examples from Latin America and Africa have been added. The introductory section contains a current statement on the process of health and family planning operations research (OR). New chapters have been included on selecting an appropriate intervention to test in an OR study, and on describing the main elements of the study intervention. The chapter on information dissemination has been expanded and a new …
Handbook For Family Planning Operations Research Design [Arabic], Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Handbook For Family Planning Operations Research Design [Arabic], Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend
Reproductive Health
"The Handbook for Family Planning Operations Research Design," first published in English by the Population Council in 1983, was based on field research studies in Asia. This second edition contains revised and expanded sections. Where appropriate, examples from Latin America and Africa have been added. The introductory section contains a current statement on the process of health and family planning operations research (OR). New chapters have been included on selecting an appropriate intervention to test in an OR study, and on describing the main elements of the study intervention. The chapter on information dissemination has been expanded and a new …
Maternal Risk, Beverly Winikoff
Maternal Risk, Beverly Winikoff
Reproductive Health
This presentation to the 1991 Berzelius Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, explores the issue of maternal risk—the probability or chance of dying or being seriously injured in pregnancy—as it is used in maternal health care. This concept of risk has been a useful tool for research and medical and epidemiological education, but its use as a tool for service delivery design has been more problematic. In order to construct a risk system, one has to have reliable data on the relationships between individual characteristics and the outcome being studied—something that is difficult to develop with regard to maternal health. Furthermore the system …
Limitations Of Maternal Care To Improve Maternal Health, Beverly Winikoff
Limitations Of Maternal Care To Improve Maternal Health, Beverly Winikoff
Reproductive Health
In a presentation at the 1991 Berzelius Symposium in Sweden, a Population Council researcher described the limitations of healthcare systems, specifically during pregnancy, in terms of their effect on maternal health status. These limitations stem from an inability to improve health because of social conditions—poverty and illiteracy, overwork, inequality in sexual relationships—that cannot be solved by medical interventions. Maternal ill health originates before pregnancy and endures beyond it, whereas the window of contact with women during pregnancy is small. Nevertheless, recent evaluations suggest that the impact of prenatal care is in the caring process more than any specific aspect of …
Hana ‘Ino: Child Maltreatment In A Hawaiian-American Community, Jill E. Korbin
Hana ‘Ino: Child Maltreatment In A Hawaiian-American Community, Jill E. Korbin
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
The Hidden Pain: Drunkenness And Domestic Violence In Palau, Karen L. Nero
The Hidden Pain: Drunkenness And Domestic Violence In Palau, Karen L. Nero
Pacific Studies
No abstract provided.
Domestic Violence: Physicians A Link To Prevention, Mary Guinan
Domestic Violence: Physicians A Link To Prevention, Mary Guinan
School of Public Health Faculty Research
Domestic violence may result in more injuries and fatalities for women than automobile crashes, muggings, and rapes combined, but according to a recent editorial, physicians largely ignore the problem. Evidence showed that a majority of women treated at an emergency facility for injuries resulting from violent acts of spouses or other persons known to the victims were discharged without any arrangement being made for their future safety. Physicians rarely inquired about an injury victim's past sexual or physical abuse, living arrangements, or future prospects of safety.
La Conservation Des Forêts Au Népal: Encourager La Participation Des Femmes, Augusta Molnar
La Conservation Des Forêts Au Népal: Encourager La Participation Des Femmes, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Ce numéro de SEEDS porte sur les moyens mis en oeuvre pour faire participer les femmes à un programme gouvernemental visant à preserver et à restituer la forêt au Népal. Comme il arrive fréquemment lors de la mise en place de projets aussi vastes ayant une portée generale, les femmes n'étaient pas un centre d'intérêt spécifique au moment de la conception du projet. Cependant, lorsque les activités ont demarré, les responsables népalais du projet et leurs collègues de l'étranger se sont tres vite rendus compte que le succès du programme dépendait de la participation directe des femmes aux activités du …
The Muek-Lek Women's Dairy Project In Thailand, Aruna Rao
The Muek-Lek Women's Dairy Project In Thailand, Aruna Rao
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This issue of SEEDS describes a project that was started in 1985 to encourage the growth of a new agricultural sector, dairy farming, in Thailand. While the major aim of the project was to increase incomes of rural families in the Muek-Lek Land Reform Area in Saraburi Province, Central Thailand, it also sought to integrate women into dairying activities, and offer these women, whether married or single, access to credit. The Muek-Lek Dairy Project is unique in that it channeled government resources and secured commercial bank financing to make women the key participants in a relatively new and growing agricultural …
La Construcción Colectiva Para Las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando Para El Futuro, Ruth Mcleod
La Construcción Colectiva Para Las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando Para El Futuro, Ruth Mcleod
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Este número de SEEDS se enfoca en un programa creado para integrar a la mujer de ingresos bajos a la industría de la construcción en Jamaica. En dos años, hubo 34 mujeres que recibieron cursos básicos del programa y de capacitación más avanzados. Más del 90 por ciento de estas mujeres fueron empleadas; la mayoría son carpinteras y albaniles. La historia de cómo se identificó este campo como fuente potencial de ingresos para la mujer, y cómo se desarrolló el proyecto respondiendo a las circunstancias siempre cambiantes, presenta muchas lecciones útiles. Este proyecto será de especial interés para aquellos que …
Man/Hombre/Homme: Meeting Male Reproductive Health Care Needs In Latin America, Debbie Rogow, Judith Bruce, Ann Leonard
Man/Hombre/Homme: Meeting Male Reproductive Health Care Needs In Latin America, Debbie Rogow, Judith Bruce, Ann Leonard
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité answers the following question: how can family planning programs understand and better serve the interests of men? The proposals in the article are derived from the experience of PRO-PATER, in São Paulo, Brazil, and briefly, from the activities of the Profamilia Men’s Clinic in Colombia. The experiences of both PRO-PATER and Profamilia suggest that, although the reproductive health needs of men may be different from those of women, they are still very interested. It is clear that there is abundant demand for high-quality services that offer convenience, confidentiality, information, attentive providers, and attention to reproductive health …
Festejando A La Madre Y Al Bebé En El Cuarentavo Día El Programa Post-Parto De Sfax, Tunicia, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff
Festejando A La Madre Y Al Bebé En El Cuarentavo Día El Programa Post-Parto De Sfax, Tunicia, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
En esta edición de Quality/Calidad/Qualité se da información sobre un programa de planificación familiar postnatal que se lleva a cabo en el Centro Sfax del Hospital de Tunisia para Maternidad y Recién Nacidos. Este programa, desarrollado conjuntamente por el programa nacional de planificación familiar y por el personal de Maternidad, ha tenido extraordinario éxito en lograr que un mayor número de madres regresen después de seis semanas a su visita postnatal. Durante la visita, el período entre nacimientos se discute; y se ofrecen servicios de planificación familiar como medio importante para lograr tanto la recuperación y la buena salud de …
Celebrating Mother And Child On The Fortieth Day: The Sfax Tunisia Postpartum Program, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff
Celebrating Mother And Child On The Fortieth Day: The Sfax Tunisia Postpartum Program, Francine Coeytaux, Beverly Winikoff
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité gives information about a postnatal family planning program in the Sfax Center of the Tunisia Maternity and Newborns Hospital. This program, developed jointly by the national family planning program and the Maternity staff, has had extraordinary success in getting more mothers to return after six weeks for their postnatal visit. During the visit, the period between births is discussed; and family planning services are offered as an important means for achieving both the recovery and good health of the mother, as well as the physical and mental development of the infant. The report describes a few …
The Port Sudan Small Scale Enterprise Program, Eve Hall
The Port Sudan Small Scale Enterprise Program, Eve Hall
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Euro-Action ACORD (EAA) is a consortium of 20 European and Canadian aid agencies working in refugee farming settlements in Central and Southern Sudan, and with various rural development projects in other parts of Africa, which responded to a request from the Sudanese Commissioner of Refugees to work in Port Sudan. This was the first time the agency considered working with poor urban people, and staff were determined to understand the economic and social forces which governed life in the slums. The program noted a number of findings that will help determine its future: reaching out to women where they live …
Forest Conservation In Nepal: Encouraging Women's Participation, Augusta Molnar
Forest Conservation In Nepal: Encouraging Women's Participation, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This issue of SEEDS focuses on ways in which women have been involved in a government forest conservation and restoration program in Nepal. As is common with many large-scale projects with a general impact, women were not a direct focus of the project's original design. As activities got underway, however, both the Nepali staff and their expatriate colleagues quickly realized that the direct involvement of women was crucial to the success of the project's participatory strategy. Over the initial five years, 1980 to 1985, a number of approaches to addressing women's needs and generating their active participation were tried. The …
The Women's Construction Collective: Building For The Future, Ruth Mcleod
The Women's Construction Collective: Building For The Future, Ruth Mcleod
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This edition of SEEDS focuses on a project developed to integrate low-income women into Jamaica's construction industry. In two years, 34 women passed through the project's basic training and skills upgrading courses. More than 90 percent of these women became employed, the majority as masons and carpenters. The story of how this field was identified as a potential source of income for women, and how the project developed and evolved in response to changing circumstances, presents many useful lessons. These should be of particular interest to those seeking to identify employment areas where women's participation is feasible and in helping …
Administración Comunitaria Del Reciclamiento De Desechos: El Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Administración Comunitaria Del Reciclamiento De Desechos: El Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
A comienzos de 1978, un grupo de famílias esperaba que le adjudicaran una de las casas comprendidas en un proyecto de viviendas económicas en Mérida, una ciudad de la costa sudeste de México. Algunas casas contaban con un sistema de drenaje nuevo llamado SIRDO (Sistema Integrado de Reciclamiento de Desechos Orgánicos), y las familias interesadas en vivir en la manzana experimental donde se instalaría el SIRDO, podrían ocupar su casa inmediatamente. Tres años más tarde un otro grupo de familias de una comunidad situada en el populoso Valle de Mexico resolvieron ensayar el sistema en su propio vecindario. Las mujeres …
Developing Non-Craft Employment For Women In Bangladesh, Marty Chen
Developing Non-Craft Employment For Women In Bangladesh, Marty Chen
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Too often when development planners or practitioners plan income-generating schemes for women they consider only handicrafts. While in some situations craft production may provide a secure source of income for women, in many cases it results in poor returns and proves more complicated an undertaking than expected. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) is one agency that has developed a successful program of non-craft employment opportunities for women. Some 10,000 poor women have been engaged by BRAC in viable economic schemes: 9,000 in non-craft production. This issue of SEEDS reviews BRAC's experience in developing non-craft employment opportunities and participatory associations …
Les Coopératives Des Vendeuses De Marché: Accorder Crédit Aux Femmes, Judith Bruce
Les Coopératives Des Vendeuses De Marché: Accorder Crédit Aux Femmes, Judith Bruce
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
En 1972, la Fondation Nicaraguayenne de Développement (Fundación Nicaraguense de Desarrollo—FUNDE), I'un des deux programmes patronnés par l'Institut Nicaraguayen de Développement, prit connaissance du fait que les vendeuses de marché avaient besoin de d'argent liquide pour poursuivre leurs activités. Ce numéro de SEEDS décrit les efforts de FUNDE pour répondre à ce besoin par la création et la mise en place de cooperatives d'épargne et de crédit. Ce rapport insiste autant sur les aspects humains que ceux financiers et techniques du projet. Le succès obtenu s'explique par la manière dont les coopératives se sont formées, respectant les systèmes de valeurs, …
Community Management Of Waste Recycling: The Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Community Management Of Waste Recycling: The Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
At the beginning of 1978, a group of families were awaiting access to low-cost housing in Mérida, a city on Mexico's southeastern coast. Some units were equipped with a new drainage system called SIRDO (Integrated System for Recycling Organic Wastes), and families interested in living in the experimental block where the SIRDO was to be installed could be given housing right away. Three years later, families in another community located in the crowded Valley of Mexico decided to try the system in their own neighborhood. Women have played a crucial role in learning to manage the technical, economic, and social …