Public Health Commons^™

Health Informatics Solution To Indoor Air Pollution: An Opportunity For Epidemiological Research, Rhys Fay Min Chua

Master's Projects and Capstones

Indoor air pollution accounts for the particulate matters and chemical compounds from outdoor sources that penetrate into the home environment. It also contains chemical particles from cleaning products, wall paints, personal care products, indoor combustion, and microbial agents. Mounting evidence links sources from indoor air pollution to sick building syndrome (SBS). SBS decreases human productivity, impacts learning abilities, and has the potential to trigger existing asthmatic symptoms, cause dizziness, nausea, fatigue, irritation to the lungs, etc. To improve the management of IAQ among population health and for environmental health to keep up with its technological counterpart, it is crucial to …

Racial And Socioeconomic Disparities Are More Pronounced In Inflammatory Breast Cancer Than Other Breast Cancers, Ryan A. Denu, John M. Hampton, Adam Currey, Roger T. Anderson, Rosemary D. Cress, Steven T. Fleming, Joseph Lipscomb, Xiao-Cheng Wu, J. Frank Wilson, Amy Trentham-Dietz

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare yet aggressive form of breast cancer. We examined differences in patient demographics and outcomes in IBC compared to locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and all other breast cancer patients from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care Study (POC-BP), containing information from cancer registries in seven states. Out of 7,624 cases of invasive carcinoma, IBC and LABC accounted for 2.2% (N = 170) and 4.9% (N = 375), respectively. IBC patients were more likely to have a higher number (P = 0.03) and severity (P …

Interleukin-6 (Il-6) Rs1800796 And Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (Cdkn2a/Cdkn2b) Rs2383207 Are Associated With Ischemic Stroke In Indigenous West African Men, Rufus Akinyemi, Donna K. Arnett, Hemant K. Tiwari, Bruce Ovbiagele, Fred Sarfo, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Marguerite Ryan Irvin, Abiodun Adeoye, Rodney T. Perry, Albert Akpalu, Carolyn Jenkins, Lukman Owolabi, Reginald Obiako, Kolawole Wahab, Emmanuel Sanya, Morenikeji Komolafe, Michael Fawale, Philip Adebayo, Godwin Osaigbovo, Taofiki Sunmonu, Paul Olowoyo, Innocent Chukwuonye, Yahaya Obiabo, Onoja Akpa, Sylvia Melikam, Raelle Saulson, Raj Kalaria, Adesola Ogunniyi, Mayowa Owolabi

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background—Inherited genetic variations offer a possible explanation for the observed peculiarities of stroke in sub – Saharan African populations. Interleukin–6 polymorphisms have been previously associated with ischemic stroke in some non-African populations.

Aim—Herein we investigated, for the first time, the association of genetic polymorphisms of IL-6 and CDKN2A- CDKN2B and other genes with ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study.

Methods—Twenty-three previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 genes of relevance to the neurobiology of ischemic stroke were investigated. Logistic regression models adjusting for known …

Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, Dietary Inflammatory Index And Risk Of Mortality: Results From The Whitehall Ii Cohort Study And Meta-Analysis Of Previous Dietary Inflammatory Index And Mortality Studies, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Mika Kivimaki, Tasnime Akbaraly

Faculty Publications

We aimed to examine the association between the Alternative Healthy Eating Index updated in 2010 (AHEI-2010), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIITM) and risk of mortality in the Whitehall II study. We also conducted a meta-analysis on the DII-based results from previous studies to summarise the overall evidence. Data on dietary behaviour assessed by self-administered repeated FFQ and on mortality status were available for 7627 participants from the Whitehall II cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to assess the association between cumulative average of AHEI-2010 and DII scores and mortality risk. During 22 years of follow-up, 1001 participants died …

Advancing Learning Health Systems Through Embedded Research: The 23rd Annual Conference Of The Health Care Systems Research Network, Harold S. Luft, Ming Tai-Seale, Sarah M. Greene

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The 23rd annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN, formerly the HMO Research Network) was held in San Diego, California, March 21–23, 2017, attracting 387 attendees. As a consortium of 20 research organizations embedded in or affiliated with large health care delivery organizations, the HCSRN has held annual research conferences since 1994. The overall aim of the conferences is to bring researchers, project staff, research funders and other stakeholders together to share latest scientific findings and foster new research ideas and collaborations. The 2017 conference was hosted by the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute.

Each host …

The Relationship Of Plasma Trans Fatty Acids With Dietary Inflammatory Index Among Us Adults, Mohsen Mazidi, Hong-Kai Gao, Nitin Shivappa, Michael David Wirth, James R. Hébert, Andre Pascal Kengne

Faculty Publications

Background: It has been suggested that trans fatty acids (TFAs) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between plasma TFAs and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) ™ in US adults.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants with data on plasma TFAs measured from 1999 to 2010 were included. Energy-adjusted-DII ™ (E-DII ™) expressed per 1000 kcal was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights.

Results: Of the 5446 eligible participants, 46.8% (n = 2550) were men. The mean age of the population was 47.1 …

Coal Ash Exposure And Asthma In Children., Jack Anthony Pfeiffer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the association between exposure to coal ash in the home among children aged 6-14 and asthma. Data was collected using personal modular impactors, lift tape samples, toe/finger nail samples, questionnaires, and peak flow meters. Laboratory methods used to analyze the samples included gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE). Statistical methods used to analyze the data included the Chi Square Test of Independence, logistic regression, the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit test, Fisher’s Exact Test, and the Anderson-Darling Normality Test. Sample size was small, making statistical significance in calculated …

Prevalence, Age Profile, And Associated Risk Factors For Hymenolepis Nana Infection In A Large Population-Based Study In Northern Peru, Percy M. Vilchez Barreto, Ricardo Gamboa, Saul Santivañez, Seth E. O'Neal, Claudio Muro, Andrés G. Lescano, Luz M. Moyano, Guillermo Gonzálvez, Hector H. García

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is a common intestinal infection of children worldwide. We evaluated infection and risk factor data that were previously collected from 14,761 children aged 2-15 years during a large-scale program in northern Peru. We found that 1,124 of 14,761 children (7.61%) had H. nana infection, a likely underestimate given that only a single stool sample was examined by microscopy for diagnosis. The strongest association with infection was lack of adequate water (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-2.48) and sanitation infrastructure in the house (aPR 1.94, 95% CI 1.64-2.29). One quarter of …

Prediktor Kejadian Tb Pada Odha Di Salah Satu Rs Pemerintah Bogor, Tahun 2014-2016, Ulya Qoulan Karima, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Nuning Maria Kiptiyah

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

TB merupakan tantangan bagi pengendalian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) karena merupakan infeksi oportunistik terbanyak pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). TB dapat meningkatkan progresivitas HIV dan meningkatkan risiko kematian bagi penderita HIV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prediktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB pada ODHA di salah satu RS tahun 2014-2016. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan menggunakan data register ART dan Rekam Medis. Sampel berjumlah 817 pasien HIV. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan multiple cox regression. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya peningkatan risiko TB pada kelompok dengan anemia (PR=1,54, 95% CI: 1,17-2,03) dibandingkan kelompok tanpa anemia, adanya …

Hubungan Pengetahuan Hiv/Aids Dengan Stigma Terhadap Orang Dengan Hiv/Aids Di Kalangan Remaja 15-19 Tahun Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sdki Tahun 2012), Berliana Situmeang, Syahrizal Syarif, Renti Mahkota

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Stigma terhadap ODHA menjadi salah satu hambatan paling besar dalam pencegahan, perawatan, pengobatan, dan dukungan HIV/AIDS. Pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS mempengaruhi terjadinya stigma terhadap ODHA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan stigma terhadap ODHA di kalangan remaja usia 15-19 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2012 dengan disain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 8.316 orang. Hasil studi menunjukkan 71,63% remaja mempunyai stigma terhadap ODHA, 49,10% remaja mempunyai pengetahuan yang kurang tentang HIV. Pengetahuan yang kurang tentang HIV/AIDS berhubungan dengan stigma terhadap ODHA (PR= 1,210 95% CI: 1,149-1,273) setelah dikontrol oleh …

Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Derajat 1 Di Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular (Posbindu Ptm) Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Bandung Tahun 2016, Teguh Dhika Rohkuswara, Syahrizal Syarif

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Hipertensi sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia, cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 25,8% (Riskesdas, 2013). Sebagian besar penderita hipertensi termasuk dalam kelompok hipertensi derajat 1 dan separuhnya tidak menyadari sebagai penderita. Hipertensi bukan penyakit kausal tunggal, ada berbagai faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap munculnya hipertensi, salah satunya yang sering ditemukan adalah obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya hubungan antara obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi derajat 1 di Posbindu PTM Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Bandung. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, menggunakan data sekunder kegiatan Posbindu PTM KKP Bandung tahun 2016. Subjek penelitian adalah pegawai instansi …

Determinant Of Timely First-Shot Hepatitis B Immunization In East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Dwi Gayatri, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Hepatitis B remains as one of health problems in the world. The results of several studies related to factors in predicting of the timely first-shot hepatitis B immunization were still inconsistent. Aim of this study is to identify determinant factors of the timely first-shot hepatitis B immunization in East Lombok, Indonesia. We used a cross sectional design study, and data derived from immunization coverage survey at six districts/ cities in 2013. A Total of 227 children aged 12 to 23 months who already got immunization of a first-shot hepatitis B vaccineand well documented were included as samples in this study. …

Feeding Problems Sebagai Prediktor Kejadian Obestitas Pada Anak Autis, Qisty Afifah Noviyanti

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Latar belakang: Obesitas merupakan masalah yang dapat terjadi pada anak autis. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perubahan perilaku dan pola makan akibat kondisi autisme. Akan tetapi, belum banyak studi yang menjelaskan hubungan perilaku makan bermasalah (feeding problems) dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak autis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara masalah perilaku makan (feeding problem) dengan kejadian obesitas anak autis. Metode: Peninjauan artikel dilakukan dengan kata kunci autism OR autism spectrum disorder AND feeding problem OR food selectivity dan autism AND childhood obesity. Dua studi ditemukan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yang dibuat Anak autis memiliki perilaku makan bermasalah yang lebih tinggi …

Pengaruh Konsumsi Fruktosa Pada Minuman Kemasan Terhadap Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu Pada Kelompok Usia Muda Di Perkotaan Di Indonesia, Nicolaski Lumbuun, Nasrin Kodim

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Peningkatan konsumsi minuman kemasan (soft drinks/ bevereges) tampak nyata di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Peningkatan ini terutama terjadi di kelompok usia muda. Konsumsi minuman tersebut berkaitan dengan gangguan metabolik, antara lain obesitas, toleransi glukosa terganggu (TGT) dan diabetes melitus. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan pemanis tinggi fruktosa (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). TGT terutama menjadi masalah kesehatan serius karena umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala dan terlambat untuk dideteksi sehingga sering kali telah berprogresi menjadi diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan konsumsi tinggi fruktosa dengan kejadian TGT pada usia muda, serta prevalensi kekerapan mengkonsumsi minuman tinggi fruktosa, baik secara nasional maupun pada …

Pengaruh Jarak Kelahiran Terhadap Kematian Bayi Di Indonesia, Filipina, Dan Kamboja (Analisis Data Survei Demografi Kesehatan), Adelina Fitri, Asri Adisasmita, Renti Mahkota

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Kematian bayi didefinisikan sebagai kematian yang terjadi pada tahun pertama kehidupan. Angka kematian bayi di Indonesia dan Kamboja sendiri masih berada diatas AKB Asia Tenggara, sedangkan Filipina sudah sama dengan AKB Asia Tenggara. Jarak kelahiran merupakan salah satu faktor yang memegang peran penting pada kematian bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak kelahiran terhadap kematian bayi di Indonesia, Filipina dan Kamboja. Penelitian menggunakan data dari Demographic Health Survey (DHS). Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dan sampel pada masing-masing negara berjumlah 10.162, 4.741 dan 4.330 bayi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, jarak kelahiran < 18 bulan memiliki risiko paling besar terhadap kematian bayi di Indonesia (OR = 2,43: 95% CI 1,26 - 4,70), Kamboja (OR = 4,39: 95% CI 1,76 - 10,94) dibandingkan jarak kelahiran 18 - 23 bulan, 24 - 35 bulan dan > 36 bulan. Sedangkan di Filipina jarak kelahiran 18 …

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Assesses Individuals’ Perceptions of their Income Sufficiency

Socioeconomic Status, Air Quality And Geographic Variation In Emergency Room Visits For Acute Bronchitis On The California Central Coast, Sean Lang-Brown, Heather W. Starnes, Gary B. Hughes

Symposium

IMPORTANCE: Analysis of geospatial variation in acute bronchitis due to socioeconomic and environmental factors can allow the efficient delivery of resources to populations most at risk.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if small scale variation in socioeconomic factors and emergency room (ER) visits for acute bronchitis are associated in small cities or rural communities. We also modeled the effects of air quality on daily rates of ER visits for acute bronchitis in the context of socioeconomic factors to investigate modifying relationships.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We examined ER visits for acute bronchitis in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties …

The Effects Of Insurance Status On Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes: A Literature Review, Anthony Fabio, Austin Murray, Michelle Mellers, Stephen Wisniewski, Michael Bell

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective: To review the literature that describes the effects of insurance status on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes among pediatric patients to understand how policies related to access to health insurance changes TBI outcomes. Method: This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A search of OVID Medline was conducted in May of 2016 for all years for peer-reviewed articles that included keywords related to “brain injuries” and “insurance status”. Articles were included if authors conducted a separate analysis of children aged 0 to 18. Articles were excluded if the TBI was the …

Residential Segregation, Neighborhood Social And Physical Context In Obesity Disparities In Hispanic Preschoolers: A Conceptual Model, Catherina Chang Martinez Phd(C), Nasar U. Ahmed Phd, Ruby A. Natale Phd, Psyd

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

During the last decade, there has been a significant inclusion in obesity prevention studies from individual characteristics to household factors then neighborhood factors. The study of place in the context of early childhood obesity studies has been limited to the food and physical built environment. With the persistent disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity, and Hispanic minorities being increasingly affected, there is a need to reexamine existing models and develop new model conceptual frameworks to examine the role of place and residential segregation in the context of race, ethnicity, social position, and socioeconomic disparities. In the context of place …

The Effects Of Maternal Folate On Fetal Brain And Body Size Among Smoking Mothers, Korede K. Adegoke

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The adverse effects of maternal smoking on infant mortality and morbidity has been well documented in the literature. Maternal tobacco use is causally associated with fetal growth restriction and correlates negatively with folate intake and metabolism. Studies have examined the association between smoking and folate levels during pregnancy, but very few have assessed this relationship using objective and accurate measures of both variables. Furthermore, despite evidence of a causal association between smoking in pregnancy and intrauterine growth restriction, and a plausible relationship between tobacco use and low maternal folate which is required for optimal fetal growth, no experimental study has …

Ambient Benzene And Pm2.5 Exposure During Pregnancy: Examining The Impact Of Exposure Assessment Decisions On Associations Between Birth Defects And Air Pollution, Jean Paul Tanner

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, approximately 3% of infants are diagnosed with a major birth defect each year. Whereas prevention efforts have led to decreases in some birth defects, the cause of approximately 70% of birth defects remains unknown. More recently, there has been increasing concern regarding exposures to environmental agents, such as air pollution during pregnancy, and the risk of birth defects. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in research studies examining the association between air pollution and birth defects. The results have been inconsistent, with some studies reporting that higher levels of exposure from the same …

The Impact Of African American Male Incarceration Rates On The Racial Disparities In Hiv/Aids Rates, Michelle S. Aelion

DePaul Discoveries

In the United States, HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacts African Americans and African American communities. The nature of this national health disparity is complex and cannot be explained simply by one factor or an individual’s behavior within a given community. This paper suggests that the disparity in African American male incarceration rates is among the most important factors to consider in the racial disparities of HIV/AIDS rates. Existing studies on relevant subjects were examined and used to create a conceptual model of factors. This model presents an outline of factors during pre-incarceration, incarceration, and post-incarceration that contribute to the racial disparities in …

Investigating The Motivation Factors Of Food Choice During The Transition Of High School Into College Life Among College Students Attending Western Kentucky University, Yu-Hsuan Chen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Most individuals with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, were diagnosed in their late adulthood. The fact that these chronic diseases is a consequence of long-term unhealthy behaviors is often ignored. The unhealthy behaviors are often traced back to the young adulthood (age 18-25). Some young adults may participate in unhealthy behaviors, such as unhealthy diet, under the perception that they are “still young”. However, it is often overlooked that once a habit is established, it is difficult to eliminate or modify it. Furthermore, the awareness that the development of the chronic disease is …

Public Health Research Priorities To Address Us Human Trafficking, Emily F. Rothman, Hanni Stoklosa, Susie B. Baldwin, Makini Chisolm-Straker, Rumi Kato Price, Holly G. Atkinson

Publications and Research

In this Perspective, HEAL Trafficking, the nation's leading public health anti-trafficking organization maps out a national research agenda to tackle the problem of human trafficking. Given the paucity of research on trafficking, HEAL Trafficking engaged its membership in a consensus development process throughout 2016 to develop its national research agenda. HEAL Trafficking proposes five priorities that public health researchers should focus on in the decade ahead to make meaningful progress on preventing and responding to human trafficking in the Unites States.

Anthropometric Indices For Non-Pregnant Women Of Childbearing Age Differ Widely Among Four Low-Middle Income Populations, K Michael Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Ana Garcés, Jamie E. Westcott, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Omrana Pasha, Sumera Aziz Ali, Antoinette Tshefu

Community Health Sciences

Background: Maternal stature and body mass indices (BMI) of non-pregnant women (NPW) of child bearing age are relevant to maternal and offspring health. The objective was to compare anthropometric indices of NPW in four rural communities in low- to low-middle income countries (LMIC).
Methods: Anthropometry and maternal characteristics/household wealth questionnaires were obtained for NPW enrolled in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was calculated. Z-scores were determined using WHO reference data.
Results: A total of 7268 NPW participated in Equateur, DRC (n = 1741); Chimaltenango, Guatemala (n = 1695); North …

Predicting Death Over 8 Years In A Prospective Cohort Of Hiv-Infected Women: The Women's Interagency Hiv Study, Deborah Gustafson, Qiuhu Shi, Susan Holman, Howard Minkoff, Mardge Cohen, Michael Plankey, Donald Hoover

NYMC Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Predicting mortality in middle-aged HIV-infected (HIV+) women on antiretroviral therapies (ART) is important for understanding the impact of HIV infection. Several health indices have been used to predict mortality in women with HIV infection. We evaluated: (1) an HIV biological index, Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS); (2) a physical index, Fried Frailty Index (FFI); and (3) a mental health index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D). Proportional hazards regression analyses were used to predict death and included relevant covariates.

DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort.

SETTING: Multicentre, across six sites in the USA.

PARTICIPANTS: 1385 multirace/ethnic ART-experienced HIV+ women in 2005.

PRIMARY …

Mixture Models For Undiagnosed Prevalent Disease And Interval-Censored Incident Disease: Applications To A Cohort Assembled From Electronic Health Records., Li C Cheung, Qing Pan, Noorie Hyun, Mark Schiffman, Barbara Fetterman, Philip E Castle, Thomas Lorey, Hormuzd A Katki

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

For cost-effectiveness and efficiency, many large-scale general-purpose cohort studies are being assembled within large health-care providers who use electronic health records. Two key features of such data are that incident disease is interval-censored between irregular visits and there can be pre-existing (prevalent) disease. Because prevalent disease is not always immediately diagnosed, some disease diagnosed at later visits are actually undiagnosed prevalent disease. We consider prevalent disease as a point mass at time zero for clinical applications where there is no interest in time of prevalent disease onset. We demonstrate that the naive Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk estimator underestimates risks at early …

Higher Education Capacity Building In Water Resources Engineering And Management To Support Achieving The Sustainable Development Goal For Water In Pakistan, Steven J. Burian, Mercedes Ward, Tariq Banuri, M. Aslam Chaudhry, Sajjad Ahmad, Bakhshal Lashari, Rasool Bux Mahar, Davey Stevenson, Jim Vanderslice, Kamran Ansari, Munir Babar, Abdul Latif Qureshi

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals requires a multi‐pronged approach, with a key element being the development of a trained Community of Practice to sustain the advances in the relevant sectors. The engagement of higher education as a catalyst in the development and capacity building of the next generation of professionals and citizens comprising the Community of Practice is essential to meet the challenges of poverty, climate change, and clean water and to sustain those advances past 2030. This paper describes a capacity building program funded by the United States Agency for International Development to partner the University of Utah, in …

Immunizations And Health Disparities: Immunizations Provided Across A Diverse Population, Jeffery A. Goad, Tania Gregorian

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Vaccines help contain the spread of diseases and reduce morbidity and mortality. For any vaccination effort to succeed, vaccine uptake must be widespread across the entire population. However, the US population is very diverse, and there are various groups with different attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccination; this leads to disparities in vaccination rates. The Healthy People initiative, a program managed by Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the US Department of Health and Human Services HHS that aims to provide Americans with evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for improving their health defines a disparity in health care as 'a …

Safety Of Induced Sputum Collection In Children Hospitalized With Severe Or Very Severe Pneumonia., Andrea N Deluca, Laura L Hammitt, Julia Kim, Melissa M Higdon, Henry C Baggett, Daniel E Park, +Several Additional Authors

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background.: Induced sputum (IS) may provide diagnostic information about the etiology of pneumonia. The safety of this procedure across a heterogeneous population with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries has not been described.

Methods.: IS specimens were obtained as part a 7-country study of the etiology of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized childrenbefore, during, and after the procedure to record oxygen requirement, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, consciousness level, and other evidence of clinical deterioration. Criteria for IS contraindications were predefined and serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported to ethics committees and a central safety monitor.

Results.: A …