Public Health Commons^™

An Assessment Of Soil Capability For On-Site Effluent Disposal, East Carnarvon, Western Australia, M R. Wells

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

A Mimbres Burial With Associated Colon Remains From The Nan Ranch Ruin, New Mexico, Harry J. Shafer, Marrianne Marek, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The skeletal remains of an adult male associated with desiccated tissue and a coprolite were recovered from an apen-air midden deposit at the NAN Ranch Ruin (LA15049)) a large Mimbres site in Grant County) New Mexico. The find dates to about A.C. 1000-1100. Identifiable macroscopic elements in the caprolite consist offi nely fragmented corn and tiny seed fragments of an unknown plant. High amounts of willow (Salix) and mustard (Brassicaceae) pollen may indicate the ingestion of medicinal plants to combat a deteriorating health condition. The individual was approximately 35 -40 years old at the time of death and suffered from …

Bioarcheological Synthesis For "From The Gulf To The Rio Grande: Human Adaptation In Central, South, And Lower Pecos Texas", Karl Reinhard, Ben W. Olive, D. Gentry Steele

Karl Reinhard Publications

One of the main problems encountered in the review of the bioarcheology of Region 3 has been the limited number of sites where human skeletal material has been adequately recovered and analyzed. In the preceding chapter it was documented that less than 30% of the burials recovered from recorded sites have been reported in published literature. It was further estimated that of the 323 sites with burials, no more than 80 sites have published detailed bioarcheological reports on the burials recovered. Only 50 of these 80 reports provide individual descriptions of each burial which facilitate subsequent analyses and evaluation.

Four …

Commentary: The Lead Poisoning Epidemic, Wornie L. Reed

Trotter Review

It is more dangerous than some forms of cancer — yet it is virtually ignored by the American public. It has seriously afflicted a much higher segment of the population than some diseases that were called “epidemics” — yet it has received little public attention. What we have here is a public failure, a failure to recognize that this disease — lead poisoning — is a serious threat to our health. It has already permanently damaged tens of thousands of babies, children and adults in this nation. And the list of victims is still growing.

Reactions Of Organic N-Chloramines In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Kathryn E. Mazina

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant may have potential health effects due to its reactivity with organic amino nitrogen compounds found in the stomach. Organic N-chloramines have been shown to form in the stomachs of laboratory rats. The possible reactions of N-chloramines in the stomach fluid were examined in this study using a model radiolabeled N-chloramine. ³⁶Cl-N-Chloropiperidine, was synthesized and purified to remove ³⁶Cl-chloride. Stomach fluid was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats which had been first fasted for 24 or 48 hours and then administered 3 mL of deionized water. Different concentrations of radiolabeled chloramine were reacted with …

Resolving Superfund Disputes Using Mediation, R. Steven Konkel

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

Superfund clean-up disputes are difficult to resolve because they involve multiple issues in addition to multiple parties. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and waste generator negotiators often disagree about how to interpret technical or scientific information. Examples of difficult issues include company shares of the clean-up cost, potential threat to groundwater, and what environmental standards apply to clean-up; "how clean is clean" is not at all well understood. Industry typically focuses on fairness of the allocation of cost and liability and the cost and responsibility for clean-up.

Risk Management In The United States: Three Case Studies Dioxin Emissions And Trash-To-Energy Plants In New York City, R. Steven Konkel

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

New York City, the largest US municipality with a population of 12 million, presently generates 28,000 tons of garbage per day. Its main disposal facility Fresh Kills-is expected to be the only one of four presently operating landfills still in in use in 1987, and to be filled to capacity be 2001. Institutional, economic, and environmental obstacles severely restrict landfill options within the city, and ocean disposal of municipal solid waste is not considered feasible. In short, continued reliance on landfills to absorb the City's enormous volume of municipal waste is no longer considered viable.

Helminth Remains From Prehistoric Indian Coprolites On The Colorado Plateau, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard H. Hevly, Glenn A. Anderson

Karl Reinhard Publications

Examination of coprolites excavated from archaeological sites in the Americas demonstrates excellent preservation of helminth eggs and, in some cases, larvae. To gain an understanding of helminth parasitism in prehistory on the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, 319 coprolites from 5 archaeological sites were analyzed. Helminth eggs and larvae were recovered after the coprolites were rehydrated, screened, and sedimented. At a sixth site, soils excavated from 5 rooms used as latrine areas were processed with palynological techniques. The results indicate that all but 1 of the prehistoric populations examined were infected with intestinal worms. The helminths implicated …

Recovery Of Helminths From Prehistoric Feces: The Cultural Ecology Of Ancient Parasitism, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Several helminth parasites have been recovered from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau. These include Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius, Moniliformis, and tapeworms in the families Hymenolepidae and Taeniidae. The recovery of these animals demonstrates that cross-temporal: comparison of parasitism between different prehistoric lifestyles is possible. Such comparison might elucidate the effects of changing lifestyle and subsistance pattern on human parasitism.

Desiccated feces recovered from archaelogical deposits were studied. Hunter-gatherer feces were selected from Dust Devil Cave in southeastern Utah. Agriculturalist feces were studied from Antelope House, a cave site in northeastern Arizona, and Salmon Ruins, a Pueblo …

Overviews Of Selected Business Sectors In The Alaska Economy, Steven Konkel

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

No abstract provided.

The Multi-Individual Cremation Phenomenon Of The Santa Cruz Drainage, Karl J. Reinhard, T Michael Fink

Karl Reinhard Publications

Multi-individual cremation deposits found in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage were previously interpreted as the result of hypothesized cultural contact in the area. A review of 50 cremation deposits for which detailed analyses are available indicates that mulii-individual cremation deposits are the result of incomplete gleaning practices and have doubtful cultural significance. Hypotheses are generated from the present data which account for the apparent variation in cremation practices within the study area.

Anywhere But Here: An Introduction To State Control Of Hazardous-Waste Facility Location, A. Dan Tarlock

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Socioeconomic Data Requirements For Environmental Assessment: Coal Gasification And Liquefaction Projects, Steven Konkel

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

Environmental and socioeconomic monitoring are key aspects in the planning, construction, and operation of evolving coal conversion technologies.

Prehistoric Cremations From Nogales, Arizona *, Karl J. Reinhard, Jeff H. Shipman

Karl Reinhard Publications

In October, 1969, the Highway Salvage Section of the Arizona State Museum conducted emergency salvage excavations in conjunction with the construction of the Tucson-Nogales Highway. Ten cremations were recovered from a backhoe trench which had been placed within the city limits of Nogales, Arizona. Analysis of the cremations indicated cultural contact between the Trincheras culture of Sonora, Mexico, and the Hohokam culture of the Santa Cruz River Valley in southern Arizona.

The Impact Of Pesticides On The White-Faced Ibis, David E. Capen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) which nested in northern Utah was assessed as a species with a relatively low reproductive potential. Ibises normally laid either three or four eggs in a clutch and did not renest persistently, nor with good success, if initial nesting attempts failed. Evidence indicated that the birds did not breed until at least 2 years old. Competition for food, exposure to severe weather, and predation were conspicuous sources of nestling mortality. White-faced ibises usually fed in irrigated agricultural areas, where they came into direct contact with insecticides, such as DDT which was used routinely …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Population Density, Density Related Social Factors, And Physical Morbidities, Douglas King Huebner

Dissertations and Theses

The relationship between the number of persons per room in the home and the relative occurrence of stress-related morbidities of hospitalized patients is investigated. The social factors of age, social class, and level of social support also are examined as they relate to both density and morbidity type occurrence. The population under study is composed of all Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program members twenty years of age and older, discharged from Bess Kaiser Hospital during 1974, and whose diagnosed morbidity was included in specific morbidity categories. All data were obtained through the facilities of the Health Services Research Center, Kaiser Foundation …

Private Water Supplies, Maine Department Of Human Services

Maine Collection

Private Water Supplies

Department of Human Services, Augusta, Me. (Reprinted 1976).

Contents: Introduction / General Requirements / Types of Private Water Supplies / Procurement of Safe Water / Distribution / Appendix A & B

Pesticide Regulation And The Farm Worker, R. Craig Loveless

IUSTITIA

It has long been recognized that many pesticide products offer a potential hazard, which if unregulated, may result in injury or death. The development of highly toxic pesticides during the last decade has created a need for stricter regulation of pesticide use in the agricultural community. Specifically, the farm worker of today is in need of legislative protection from exposure to deadly chemical agents now being used to control pests and disease in the fields and orchards. Regulating the handling and use of these dangerous pesticides is but one way to protect the farmer, the farm worker, and the environment. …

Journey In A Forgotten Land- Part 2: Food And Drought: The Broader Picture, Norman Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Kenya and Ethiopia handled the drought very differently, both in action and public statements. Ethiopian officials in the south spoke openly and candidly about famine and starvation and willingly gave access to mortality statistics. They also bitterly criticized the former regime for its inept attempt to deal with the famine. Kenya's administrators were cautious and guarded; they denied that any great suffering had occurred and sought to avoid publicity. Missionaries in northern Kenya were advised to give aid without fanfare, not to write home about the famine, and to keep conditions confidential.

An Historical Review Of Oil Spills Along The Maine Coast 1953-1973, Edward H. Shenton

Maine Collection

An Historical Review of Oil Spills Along the Maine Coast 1953-1973

by Edward H. Shenton

Prepared for The Maine State Planning Office, Coastal Planning Group and The Research Institute of the Gulf of Maine (TRIGOM), August, 1973.

TRIGOM Publication No. 3

Contents: Introduction / A Chronology of Significant Oil Spills / A Summary of Biological Impacts / Spill Statistics / Discussion of Results / Conclusions of the Study / Recommendations for Future Research / Appendices

Ecological Planning Workshop Poster April, 1970, Ian Mcharg, Risd Archives

Ecology and Environment

Ecological Planning Workshop Poster by Ian McHarg. April 24, 1970, RISD Auditorium.

Study To Save Block Island, Designer's News, May 19,1969, Students Of Risd, Risd Archives

Ecology and Environment

RISD Landscape Architecture Study to Save Block Island Article from Designer's News, May 19, 1969 student newspaper.

Poison Plants In The Garden, T E H Aplin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SOME 18 commonly grown garden plants are known to be toxic and many local home gardens have five or six of them.

Several other species can cause skin ailments.

Sound Communication In The Uinta Ground Squirrel, Donna Mae Balph

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Numerous investigators have studied sound communication in animals in recent years. Most of these studies have been on birds, insects, or cetaceans, particularly the dolphin. Most of the studies on terrestrial mammals have been of the natural history type, and the authors have given an orthographic rendition of any sounds produced by that particular species. Few definitive studies have been done. There have been a few attempts to determine cause and function of sounds in mammals (Arvola, lImen, and Koponen, 1962; Bartholomew and Collias, 1962; Rowell and Hinde, 1962; Andrew, 1963).

No quantitative studies on sound communication in Citellus have …

Review Of Echinococcus Species In South Africa, Anna Johanna Maria Verster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. The nominate subspecies of E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786) is redesignated from the type locality, Europe.

2. Five subspecies of E. granulosus are described from South African carnivores: E. g. granulosus, E. g. africanus, E. g. felidis, E. g. lycaontis and E. g. ortleppi.

3. E. g. granulosus has so far only been recovered from the Transvaal; E. g. ortleppi appears to be restricted to the Transvaal; E. g. africanus occurs in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; E. g. lycaontis and E. g. felidis like their definitive hosts are restricted to the Transvaal.

4. …

"The Effects Of Radioactive Fallout And Disarmament", Linus Carl Pauling

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

There is a slight lapse of about 5 seconds where re-recorded overlap didn't quite cover. Recorded on a Berlout 33 stereo recorded using both tracks in one direction.

Purification And Sanitary Control Of Water (Potable And Waste), Paul W. Kabler

United States Public Health Resources

Although most of the streams draining inhabited regions are contaminated with human or animal feces, water-borne disease today in the United States is relatively uncommon. Pathogenic enteric microorganisms probably do not multiply in raw water sources under normal conditions. They usually disappear in a relatively short time, with the rates depending on variations in environmental conditions. Urban water supplies have played a diminishing role in the transmission of intestinal disease because of improvements in the detection and enumeration of pollution indicators, water and sewage treatment processes, and t h e sanitary control of water systems.

An Investigation Into The Use Of Hormones And Antibiotics In Animal Feeds, The Control Problem And Public Health Significance, Patsy Price

Student Scholarship

This study investigates the development, regulation, and public health implications of incorporating hormones and antibiotics into animal feeds, a practice that became a major industrial development in the decade leading up to 1958. The research highlights how substances like diethylstilbestrol and various antibiotics were found to dramatically accelerate growth rates and improve feed efficiency in poultry, swine, and cattle. For instance, the use of diethylstilbestrol in fattening steers became widely accepted by 1954 following research showing significant daily weight gains and feed savings. Similarly, nutritional levels of antibiotics were found to enhance growth by checking subclinical infections and improving the …

Ec1571 Practical Housefly Control, Ephriam Hixson, Robert E. Roselle

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 1571 discusses practical housefly control.

Summary Of Two Years' Study Of Insects In Relation To Pellagra, Allan H. Jennings

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Excerpt:

With the growing interest in pellagra, following the authoritative recognition of its presence in the United States in 1907, the study of its etiology was taken up by various investigators and the several theories of causation were subjected to close scrutiny.

Prominent among these theories was that of insect transmission, first advanced by Sambon, who limited this function to the species of blood-sucking gnats comprising the genus Simulium.

The importance of the disease and the possibility of such a factor in its causation, led the Bureau of Entomology, late in 1911, to undertake an investigation of the subject …