Public Health Commons^™

Private Midwives’ Perceptions On Barriers And Enabling Factors To Voluntary Counselling And Hiv Test (Vct) In Bali, Indonesia, Dinar Saurmauli Lubis, Lpl Wulandari, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, Kadek Tresna Adhi, Sari Andajani

Kesmas

In Indonesia, more than half of pregnant women seek antenatal care (ANC) at private midwifery clinics. The midwives play an important role in advocating for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) uptake among pregnant women during ANC. This study examined midwives’ perception of barriers and enabling factors with regards to refer pregnant women for HIV testing. The study was conducted in Denpasar City and Badung District, two localities in Bali with high HIV prevalence. Two focus groups discussions with 15 private midwives and five in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis methods were used to examine patterns …

Hematological Indices Of Pesticide Exposure Rice Farmers In Southern Thailand, Wiyada Kwanhian, Supabhorn Yimthiang, Siriuma Jawjit, Junjira Mahaboon, Udomratana Vattanasit, Phiman Thirarattanasunthon

Kesmas

The most common pesticides used in rice farming are organophosphates and carbamates. These pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, resulting in excessive levels of acetylcholine accumulation and disrupted neurotransmission. This study compared AChE activity and hematological parameters between pesticide-using rice farmers, non-pesticide using rice farmers, and non-agricultural occupational groups (non-farmers). Pesticide residues that accumulated in rice and the water and soil of the study area were also determined. AChE activity of all participants showed 10 from 87 samples (11.49%) as borderline depressed, with 50% of these being pesticide-using farmers. Most of the hematological parameters were normal in all samples. However, platelet …

Analysis Of Traditional Health Care In Three Community Health Centers In West Java Province, Indonesia, 2018, Adik Wibowo, Evita Diniawati, Than Tun Sein

Kesmas

The National Traditional Health Care set up three objectives for its implementation at the health centers, whereby health staff to be trained on traditional health and provide accupressure care, able to collect data, register and provide technical guidance to traditional healers and guide individuals in the use of traditional medicine and herbs. This qualitative research aimed to analyze the implementation of traditional health care at 3 subdistrict health centers Ciomas, Ciawi and Caringin in district Bogor. Data was collected through document analysis, observation and indepth inteview. Each health center has trained staff in accupressure but care is hindered by lack …

Socio-Ecological Wellness Wheel: Applied To Community Gardens To Measure Green Gentrification, Micajah Daniels, Courtney Coughenour

McNair Poster Presentations

This project is intended to use Black Feminist Health Studies as an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the holisitc impacts of community gardens on nutrition behaviors. The implementation of green spaces such as community gardens have been correlated to both benefits and unintended consequences which this study demonstrates through the Socio-Ecological Wellness Wheel. An empirical and systematic way of measuring garden quality through an audit tool using Black Feminist Health Studies could help measure the nutrition environment of the community gardens and how they may influence fruit and vegetable consumption of food insecure populations. The need for this study is highlighted …

Examination Of Human Health Impacts Due To Adverse Climate Events Through The Use Of Vulnerability Mapping: A Scoping Review, Michael T. Schmeltz, Peter J. Marcotullio

Publications and Research

Government officials, health professionals, and other decision makers are tasked with characterizing vulnerability and understanding how populations experience risks associated with exposure to climate-related hazards. Spatial analyses of vulnerable locations have given rise to climate change vulnerability mapping. While not a new concept, the spatial analyses of specific health outcomes remain limited. This review explores different methodologies and data that are used to assess vulnerability and map population health impacts to climate hazards. The review retrieved scholarly articles and governmental reports concerning vulnerability mapping of human health to the impacts of climate change in the United States, published in the …

Challenges To Diabetes Self-Management For Adults With Type 2 Diabetes In Low-Resource Settings In Mexico City: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Robin Whittemore, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Selene De La Cerda, Denise Marron, Rosabelle Conover, Roberta Delvy, Annel Lozano-Marrufo, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexico is one of the highest in the world, with high morbidity and mortality, and difficulty meeting glycemic targets. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges for T2D self-management as perceived by both adults with T2D and health care providers in primary health clinics from Seguro Popular in Mexico City.

Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study conducted in three Seguro Popular primary care clinics in Mexico City using convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and data were analyzed using a content analysis approach.

Results: The …

Our Envirome, Spring/Summer 2019, Issue 40

Sustain Magazine

No abstract provided.

Plastic Pollution, Fall/Winter 2019, Issue 39.3

Sustain Magazine

No abstract provided.

Plastic Pollution, Fall/Winter 2019, Issue 39.2

Sustain Magazine

No abstract provided.

Plastic Pollution, Fall/Winter 2019, Issue 39

Sustain Magazine

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of National Policies For A Total Asbestos Ban: A Global Comparison, Ro-Ting Lin Phd, Lung-Chang Chien Drph, Masamine Jimba Phd, Sugio Furuya Bec, Ken Takahashi Phd

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background Two international Conventions from the International Labor Organization (ILO; C162 Asbestos Convention) and the UN (Basel Convention) offer governments guidelines for achieving a total asbestos ban policy, but the long-term effect of these Conventions on policy implementation, and the role of government effectiveness, remains unknown. We aimed to investigate associations between government ratification of the ILO and UN international Conventions, government effectiveness, and implementation of a national total asbestos ban. Methods We obtained data for year of a national asbestos ban, year of ratification of one or both international Conventions, and World Bank government effectiveness scores for 108 countries …

Nanomaterial-Agrichemical Interactions: Association Of Environmental Herbicides With Two-Dimensional Graphene Nanoplatelets, Nudar A. Bhuiya

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Atrazine and glyphosate are the two most common agricultural herbicides used in the United States. Both herbicides can move in the environment, which results in contamination of drinking water sources. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are an emerging nanoparticle with potential uses for the remediation of environmental contamination. The first aim of this study was to determine binding interactions between atrazine and GNPs to mimic a mixture composition. To determine binding interactions, GNPs with different functional groups (none, carboxylated, or aminylated) were evaluated. GNPs at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 mg/ml were incubated with atrazine at 3 ppb (μg/L) …

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality And Morbidity Risks In Rural Populations And Sub-Populations, Emmanuel A. Odame

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heat stress is an environmental and occupational hazard exacerbated by climate change. Rural populations and sub-populations continue to experience disproportionate risks of heat-related impacts due to their low adaptive capacities in terms of infrastructure, information and other resources which are critical in dealing with heat. The study goals were to determine heat-related mortality risks in rural populations globally, explore the contribution of the outdoor work environment and other factors in association with occupational heat-related illnesses (HRI), and assess the risk of heat stress among crop workers using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). Published peer-reviewed scientific literature on heat-related mortality …

Heat Waves And Heat-Related Mortality In East Tennessee, Taiwo Adesoba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heat waves represent a public health challenge that requires multiple responses and warnings to protect vulnerable populations. Although studies have reported an increasing trend of heat wave occurrence in many areas of the world, no clear trend exists in East Tennessee. Using data from Parameter-elevated Relationships on Independent Slope Models (PRISM), CDC WONDER and the United States Census Bureau, the relationship between mortality rates and year was estimated during heat wave events between 1999 and 2010. Five heat wave definitions were tested. Overall, 2007 and 2010 stand out as the years with the highest number of heat wave days in …

Study Protocol For A Stepped-Wedge Randomized Cookstove Intervention In Rural Honduras: Household Air Pollution And Cardiometabolic Health, Bonnie N. Young, Jennifer L. Peel, Megan L. Benka-Coker, Sarah Rajkumar, Ethan S. Walker, Robert Brook, Tracy L. Nelson, John Volckens, Christian L'Orange, Nicholas Good, Casey Quinn, Joshua P. Keller, Zachary D. Weller, Sebastian Africano, Anibal Osorto Pinel, Maggie L. Clark

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Growing evidence links household air pollution exposure from biomass-burning cookstoves to cardiometabolic disease risk. Few randomized controlled interventions of cookstoves (biomass or otherwise) have quantitatively characterized changes in exposure and indicators of cardiometabolic health, a growing and understudied burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Ideally, the solution is to transition households to clean cooking, such as with electric or liquefied petroleum gas stoves; however, those unable to afford or to access these options will continue to burn biomass for the foreseeable future. Wood-burning cookstove designs such as the Justa (incorporating an engineered combustion zone and chimney) have the potential …

Short Relative Leg Length Is Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Mexican Immigrant Women, Mireya Vilar-Compte, James Macinko, Beth C. Weitzman, Carlos M. Avendaño-Villela

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Prior research suggests that undernutrition and enteric infections predispose children to stunted growth. Undernutrition and infections have been associated with limited access to healthy diets, lack of sanitation, and access barriers to healthcare - all associated with human rights. Stunting has also been documented to be a major determinant of subsequent obesity and non-communicable diseases. Short leg length relative to stature during adulthood seems to be a good proxy indicator tracking such barriers, and has been reported to be associated with adverse health effects during adulthood. Our objective was to examine the association between relative leg length (as measured …

Aligning Ocean Plastic Pollution And Human Health A Co-Benefits Approach, Karyn Morrissey Dr

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

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The environmental literature has begun to consider the impact of environmental problems on human health. This realization serves both as a means to provide scientific evidence to consider the environment and public health jointly. This approach also increases recognition of the environment where stakeholders have not understood the links between environmental and human health. The oceans and seas play an important role in human health, through the provision and quality of the air that we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, while offering economic and recreational opportunities which enhance public health. However, the links between human …

Neighborhood-Level Predictors Of Obesity Among African American Children In California, Uche Onyeka

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

The increased prevalence of childhood obesity is a major public health concern nationally and globally. Childhood obesity is primarily caused by the imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure; however, its increase over the past decades may be due to environmental and behavioral factors. The purpose of the current study was to examine if any relationships existed between childhood obesity, level of physical activity, and neighborhood-level risk factors. This study used the California Health Interview Survey 2009–2014 data sets for African American children aged 5–11 years (n = 1,049). The dependent variable was body mass index (BMI) while the …

The Association Of Higher Carbon Dioxide Levels And Teachers’ Perceived Air Quality And Well Being In New York City Elementary Schools, Leon Levine

Dissertations and Theses

Introduction:

Several recent studies have investigated the direct effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at concentrations typically found in office buildings on occupant cognitive functioning. These studies have reported a significant association between (impaired) decision making ability and exposure to increased levels of CO₂ (600 ppm versus 1500 ppm). The findings have serious implications in a classroom setting since the objective of schools is to provide an optimal environment for learning. If CO₂ levels in schools are elevated, the teachers’ health and the students’ learning environment will be compromised. Higher CO₂ levels could impact teachers’ and …

Epidemiologic Evaluation Of Nhanes For Environmental Factors And Periodontal Disease, P. Emecen-Huja, H. -F. Li, J. L. Ebersole, J. Lambert, Heather M. Bush

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that destroys periodontal tissues caused by the accumulation of bacterial biofilms that can be affected by environmental factors. This report describes an association study to evaluate the relationship of environmental factors to the expression of periodontitis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999–2004. A wide range of environmental variables (156) were assessed in patients categorized for periodontitis (n = 8884). Multiple statistical approaches were used to explore this dataset and identify environmental variable patterns that enhanced or lowered the prevalence of periodontitis. Our findings indicate an array of environmental variables were …

Obesity As Type 2 Diabetes Common Comorbidity: Study Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Eating Behaviour And Other Determinants In Jakarta, Indonesia, Isna Aulia Fajarini, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Obesity is one of the comorbidities widely occurred among type 2 diabetes patients. It is one of the most modifiable risk factors for the prevention of other comorbid conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to recognize eating behaviour, physical activity, and other related factors, also their correlation with obesity as comorbidity among type 2 diabetes patients. Using cross-sectional design, data were collected from purposively selected 133 members of “PROLANIS” in Jatinegara Primary Health Care, East Jakarta. Food intake was assessed by 1x24 hours food recall and FFQ, physical activity by GPAQ. The …

Post Hypertension And Stroke: A Case Control Study, Aulia Imanda, Santi Martini, Kurnia Dwi Artanti

Kesmas

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes (p=0.015 …

Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Need For Physical Activity Programming: A Qualitative Study At A Yogyakarta Hospital Clini, Novita Intan Arovah, Bernadeta Wara Kushartanti, Tracy L. Washington, Kristiann C. Heesch

Kesmas

Physical activity programs offered in Indonesian hospitals are often inadequate to help type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients meet international physical activity recommendations. This study aimed to identify T2D patients’ physical activity enablers and barriers, their preferences for, and experiences with, physical activity programming, with a view to developing future programs that are suited to these patients’ needs and preferences. Four focus groups were conducted with 28 patients (50% female) of the T2D clinic at the Local General Hospital of Yogyakarta. Discussions were thematically analysed in NVivo 10. The most reported types of physical activity were walking and participation in the …

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever And House Conditions In Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Wanti Wanti, Ririh Yudhastuti, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Sri Subekti, Oktofianus Sila, Ragu Harming Kristina, Feby Dwirahmadi

Kesmas

Kupang City has the highest Incidence of DHF in East Nusa Tenggara and also higher than the national figure. This study aims to analyze the relationship between housing conditions and the DHF incidence in the Kupang City. This observational study uses a case-control study in 25 villages with a total sample of 500 people. Data is analyzed using t test and chi square test. The house conditions were significantly related to the DHF incidence (p≤0.05), namely house lighting, water usage, wall construction, ventilation area and ownership of clean water facilities. People are advised to ventilate the house ≥10% of the …

Risk Factor Analysis Of Overnutrition Among Elementary School Children In Pekanbaru: An Urban-Rural Perspective, Arfianti Arfianti

Kesmas

The prevalence of childhood overnutrition is increasing in many parts of the world including Indonesia. National basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2010 showed that over-nutrition in urban children (10.4%) was greater than in rural areas (8.1%). The purpose of this study was to analyse risk factors for overnutrition on elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This was an observasional analytical study with cross-sectional design. This study involved 137 urban and 113 rural students from six elementary schools in Pekanbaru recruited by quota sampling technique. This study was conducted between April-May 2018. The results showed that the proportions of …

Occurrence Of Natural Vertical Transmission Of “Zika Like Virus” In Aedes Aegypti Mosquito In Jambi City, Tri Baskoro Satoto, Nur Alvira Pasca Wati, Wida Purwaningsih, Hari Kusnanto Josef, Purwono Purwono, Rumbiwati Rumbiwati, Hermanto Hermanto, Roger Frutos

Kesmas

Zika virus can be transmitted through mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. During the transition period of 2014–2015, an outbreak of dengue was reported in Jambi City, during which several sufferers were screened positive for Zika virus infection by the Eijkman Institute. It was interesting to note that all of those positive for Zika virus infection were indigenous residents and none of them had a history of international travel. This descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design study was conducted to present an overview of Aedes spp. population using ovitrap and egg colonization methods and to detect the …

Factors Related To Adolescent Behavior Towards Hiv/Aids Prevention, Yuliasti Eka Purnamaningrum, Ratyas Ekartika Puspita Candra Nugrahawati, Munica Rita Hernayanti, Anne Vajee

Kesmas

In 2016 Special Region of Yogyakarta was ranked 9th as the province with the highest number of people suffered from HIV/AIDS especially at Sleman regency. Globally, AIDS was the second leading cause of adolescents’s death aged of 10-19 years. The purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting the behaviour of the adolescents towards HIV/AIDS prevention. This research using with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique which used was stratified random sampling resulted in 59 respondents from 11th grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Sleman were selected as sample. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using …

Risk Assesment Of Air Pollution Exposure (No2, So2, Total Suspended Particulate, And Particulate Matter 10 Micron) And Smoking Habits On The Lung Function Of Bus Drivers In Palembang City, Elvi Sunarsih, Suheryanto Suheryanto, Rini Mutahar, Rahmi Garmini

Kesmas

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and TSP are the most common and harmful air pollutants to humans. In short period, air pollution exposure at 5 ppm for 10 minutes to humans causes dyspnea, and when the level is increase to 800 ppm could cause 100% mortality in animals. This study was an analytical research, with cross sectional design and risk analysis. One hundred subjects were analyzed in this study. The results showed that non-cancer Hazard Index (HI) for realtime exposure with mean value was NO2: 1.85; SO2: 2.92; TSP: 7.09; and PM10: 11.7 …

Sub-Region Based Radiomics Analysis For Survival Prediction In Oesophageal Tumours Treated By Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy, Congying Xie, Pengfei Yang, Xuebang Zhang, Lei Xu, Xiaoju Wang, Xiadong Li, Luhan Zhang, Ruifei Xie, Ling Yang, Zhao Jing, Hongfang Zhang, Lingyu Ding, Yu Kuang, Tianye Niu, Shixiu Wu

Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Evaluating clinical outcome prior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy remains challenging for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as traditional prognostic markers are assessed at the completion of treatment. Herein, we investigated the potential of using sub-region radiomics as a novel tumour biomarker in predicting overall survival of OSCC patients treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Independent patient cohorts from two hospitals were included for training (n = 87) and validation (n = 46). Radiomics features were extracted from sub-regions clustered from patients' tumour regions using K-means method. The LASSO regression for ‘Cox’ method was used for feature selection. The survival prediction model …

The Environmental Impact And Formation Of Meals From The Pilot Year Of A Las Vegas Convention Food Rescue Program, Samantha To, Courtney Coughenour, Jennifer Pharr

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Annually, millions of tonnes of leftover edible foods are sent to landfill. Not only does this harm the environment by increasing the release of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change, but it poses a question of ethics given that nearly 16 million households are food insecure in the US, and hundreds of millions of people around the globe. The purpose of this study was to document the amount of food diverted from landfill in the pilot year of a convention food rescue program and to determine the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions avoided by the diversion of such …