Public Health Commons^™

Correlates Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks, Substance Use, And Behavior Among Adolescents, Lauren N. Maziarz, Lauren A. Dial, Bradley Fevrier, William Ivoska

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Caffeinated energy drinks (CCEDs) are frequently consumed by adolescents aged 10-19, yet the effects of consumption on adolescent behavior are not well understood. Previous research has identified positive associations between CCED use and other substances such as alcohol and marijuana but studies among adolescents are lacking. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data collected from the 2019 Alcohol, Drug Addition, and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center’s youth survey. Ten public schools in Wood County, Ohio participated (n=6,152). Results: CCED use was common among our sample (43.4% overall). Reported consumption increased with age and was …

Do You Know The Pathophysiology Of Cytokine Storm During Covid-19?, Shameera Shaik Masthan, Deekshitha Turaka, Ahmed Abdelhaleem, Mounica Vorla, Steven B. Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Does Crime Trigger Genetic Risk For Type 2 Diabetes In Young Adults? A G X E Interaction Study Using National Data, Fangqi Guo, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Jason D. Boardman, Jennifer W. Robinette

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Living in neighborhoods perceived as disordered exacerbates genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) among older adults. It is unknown whether this gene-neighborhood interaction extends to younger adults. The present study aims to investigate whether crime, an objectively measured indicator of neighborhood disorder, triggers genetic risk for T2D among younger adults, and whether this hypothesized triggering occurs through exposure to obesity.

Methods

Data were from the Wave I (2008) National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. A standardized T2D polygenic score was created using 2014 GWAS meta-analysis results. Weighted mediation analyses using generalized structural equation models were conducted …

Assessing The Testability Of The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) In Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior Among Young Adults In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Chia-Liang Dai, Traci Hayes, Melinda J. Ickes, Tejinder Pal Singh

Social and Behavioral Health Faculty Research

Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18–24 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to …

Assessing The Effect Of Four Types Of Direct Mail Messages To Promote The Uptake Of Residential Lead Remediation Funds, H. Okatch, B. Nkala, J. Beltrami, E. Poy, D. Parmer, J. Nkala, F. Olawole

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Objective

To examine the efficacy of direct mailing using four types of messaging on promoting the uptake of residential lead remediation (RLR) funds in Lancaster, PA, USA.

Study design

We designed a quasi-experiment to assess the effect of 4 RLR messages sent to households in Lancaster, PA by direct mail between September and December 2020: a brief flyer (F); a detailed brochure + the flyer (BF); a health infographic + the flyer (IF); and an application form + the flyer (AFF).

Methods

Mailers were sent to addresses in four census tracts; each census tract received a different message. Both English …

Webinars As A Tool For Increasing Awareness Of Diabetes Prevention And Management Programs, Cindy Jenkins, Carrie Durward, April Litchford, Catherine Hansen, Annette Prall, Caitlyn Jasumback

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

Stakeholders sought to reduce the burden of preventable diabetes among adults in Utah via a “Food as Medicine” webinar series. The “Food as Medicine” webinar series sought to increase awareness of and enrollment in public diabetes programs. Evaluation results from the webinar series indicated an increase in awareness of diabetes programs and nutrition information needed to improve personal diabetes management.

An Evaluation Of Covid-19 Vaccination Rates Of The Patients At The Kentucky Racing Health Services Center, Aditya Mehta, Dedra Hayden

The Cardinal Edge

COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available to the U.S. public since early 2021. However, vaccination rates still vary considerably across geographical areas and different populations. The objective of this study was to research overall vaccination rates against COVID-19 for Latinx patients at the Kentucky Racing Health Services Center (KRHSC). Vaccination and booster data was collected from June to December 2021 for all unique patients visiting the center. It was initially hypothesized that these rates of vaccination and booster doses for the KRHSC patients would be lower than the data reported by Kentucky and Jefferson County. After a retrospective review, the …

First-Stage Development Of The Pitjantjatjara Translation Of The World Health Organization’S Alcohol, Smoking And Substance Involvement Screening Test (Assist), Matthew Wr Stevens, Dom Barry, Sue Bertossa, Mark Thompson, Robert Ali

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Substance use is a leading contributor to global disease, illness and death. Compared with non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are at an increased risk of substance-related harms due to the experience of additional social, cultural, and economic factors. While preventive approaches, including screening and early interventions are promising, currently there are limited options available to healthcare workers that are culturally appropriate for use in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Therefore, the aim of this research was to translate and culturally adapt the World Health Organization endorsed, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) into Pitjantjatjara. …

Patterns And Determinants Of Hiv Postexposure Prophylaxis In A Tertiary Health Facility In Nigeria, Onyinye H. Chime, Edmund O Ndibuagu, Wilfred O. Okenwa

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: One of the targets of HIV prevention strategy is to ensure that 95% of the population access prevention services by 2030 with the aspiration of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Methods: This is a record-based cross-sectional review. Data was extracted from the PEP registers and treatment folders from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: Non-occupational exposure (82.5%) was reported more than occupational (17.5%). Majority of cases (442) resulted from rape. Only 9.1% of the clients returned for follow-up and all were negative. Conclusion: Behavioral interventions designed to promote HIV risk reduction and protective behaviors should be promoted.

Public Health Liberation – An Emerging Transdiscipline To Elucidate And Transform The Public Health Economy, Christopher Williams Mph, Joy Birungi Msc, Melody Brown Mph, Mhsa, James Deutsch Md, Phd, Felecia Williams Phd, Mpa, P.S. Perkins Ma, Patricia Bishop, Dena Walker, Ebony Moody, Rhonda Hamilton Ma, Jehan El-Bayoumi Md

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Public Health Liberation (PHL) is an innovative general theory of public health aimed at accelerating health equity. This paper provides a rich synthesis of philosophical traditions, novel theories, and approaches to establish the basis for a new public health transdiscipline. The authors argue that the "public health economy" as a single analytic lens elucidates the contradictions and tensions that reproduce vast health inequity. Authored by a majority of Black women, community experiences and perspectives are a major strength of this paper because they draw upon leadership experiences with contemporary issues.

The authors begin by describing their background in public health …

Level Of Trust In Health Care Systems During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers Of Pakistan, Asmara Ahmed Malik, Sobia Awan, Ali Tahir Rana, Jahanzeb Malik, Uzma Ishaq, Mamoona Zahoor, Syed Muhammad Jawad Zaidi

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

This survey aimed to evaluate the levels of trust and satisfaction among healthcare workers towards the national healthcare delivery system and whether it has been affected by the global disruption created by COVID-19. This was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place from January to October 2021 at a tertiary level health care facility in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using an online data collection tool. Our sample included 10, 133 healthcare workers of all cadres. Our study found a significant level of distrust of healthcare workers towards multiple aspects of the healthcare delivery system, particularly towards government agencies and other members of …

Air Quality And Cancer Prevalence Trends Across The Sub-Saharan African Regions During 2005–2020, Omolola Okunromade, Jingjing Yin, Clara Ray, Atin Adhikari

Health Policy & Community Health: Faculty Publications

Poor air quality and environmental pollution remain some of the main etiological factors leading to cancers and cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a result of human activities, deleterious airborne chemicals can be dispersed not only in the environment but also released in occupational environments and industrial areas. Air pollutants and cancer links are now established through various oxidative stress-related mechanisms and related DNA damages. Generally, ambient and indoor air pollutants have been understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to other regions in the world. Our study not only highlights the deleterious effects of air pollutants in these developing countries, but it …

When Keeping It Real Is Required: Challenging The Pandemic Of Racism In Lactation Land, Tameka Jackson-Dyer

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Human milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants, but few are able to provide their milk to their babies for the minimum twelve months recommended by health experts. This is especially true for Black women. Due to structural racism embedded in medical care, implicit bias of healthcare providers and generational traumas that began during American chattel slavery, Black women are less likely than every other ethnic group to initiate breastfeeding. Those that do are often sabotaged by unsupportive systems and lack of access to clinically-skilled, culturally respectful lactation consultants. Calling out the racism that exists in Lactation Land …

Testing The Pragmatic Effectiveness Of A Consumer-Based Mindfulness Mobile App In The Workplace: Randomized Controlled Trial, Jennifer L. Huberty, Hallie M. Espel-Huynh, Taylor L. Neher, Megan E. Puzia

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Mental health and sleep problems are prevalent in the workforce, corresponding to costly impairment in productivity and increased health care use. Digital mindfulness interventions are efficacious in improving sleep and mental health in the workplace; however, evidence supporting their pragmatic utility, potential for improving productivity, and ability to reduce employer costs is limited.

Objective: This pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the experimental effects of implementing a commercially available mindfulness app—Calm—in employees of a large, multisite employer in the United States. Outcomes included mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep (insomnia and daytime sleepiness), resilience, productivity impairment …

Health Effects Of Pesticide Exposure In Latin American And The Caribbean Populations: A Scoping Review, Carly Hyland

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the literature on pesticide-related health effects in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region, an area of intensive agricultural and residential pesticide use, is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to describe the current state of research on the health effects of pesticide exposure in LAC populations with the goal of identifying knowledge gaps and research capacity building needs.

Methods: We searched PubMed and SciELO for epidemiological studies on pesticide exposure and human health in LAC populations published between January 2007 and …

Dean’S Report: Detroit Mercy Dental Evolving With Purpose, Value, And Pride: A Look At The Past Year And All The People Who Made It Happen, Mert N. Aksu Dds, Jd, Mhsa, Cert. Dph

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In the past year, the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry has continued its commitment to evidence-based clinical education, preparing ethical and culturally sensitive graduates for dental practice. Changes brought on by the pandemic have become part of the new normal, with the introduction of the HyFlex classroom format, allowing students flexibility in attending classes in person, virtually, or through recorded lectures. Clinic time and sessions have been consolidated to provide more focused patient care, with students now spending 28-30 hours per week on direct patient care. The University Health Center (UHC) clinic, which served as a significant teaching …

Evaluation Of The Control Of Water Sanitation And Hygiene Related Disease Through Community Hygiene Club Intervention In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana, Elias Nyandwi, Nadine Rujeni, Chantal Marie Ingabire Dr, Kato Jonas Njunwa, Théoneste Ntakirutimana, Gaspard Rwanyiziri, Joseph Tuyishimire, Schaddrack Ngabonziza

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

This article consists of a review article reporting the results of previous evaluations of the control of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related disease through the Community Hygiene Club (CHC) intervention from 2010 to 2020. CHC constitutes the main intervention for the control of WASH-related disease in Rwanda and is implemented countrywide. The study objective was to evaluate if the CHC intervention significantly reduced the prevalence of WASH-related disease after 10 years of its implementation in Rwanda. The study utilized online existing policy documents, research reports, and experiences on the CHC intervention in Rwanda published between 2010 and 2020. We …

Dean’S Report: University Of Michigan School Of Dentistry Advancing Dental Education And Oral Health Science Is Our Passion And Mission, Jan Hu Bds, Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The Dean of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Jan Hu’s annual report to our readers, highlights the school's dedication to dental education and oral health science. The report underscores the school's commitment to maintaining high standards in the face of changing times. Key Highlights:

1. Educational Normalcy: Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the school has returned to a sense of normalcy in educating DDS, dental hygiene, and graduate students. Stringent infection control measures are still in place.
2. Vibrant Research: The school's research endeavors remain strong, with over 200 papers, articles, and reviews published in prestigious academic journals …

County-Level Social Vulnerability And Breast, Cervical, And Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In The Us, 2018, Cici Bauer, Kehe Zhang, Qian Xiao, Jiachen Lu, Young-Rock Hong, Ryan Suk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Area-level factors have been identified as important social determinants of health (SDoH) that impact many health-related outcomes. Less is known about how the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a scalable composite score, can multidimensionally explain the population-based cancer screening program uptake at a county level.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the geographic variation of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates and the association between county-level SVI and the 3 screening rates.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cross-sectional study used county-level information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's PLACES and SVI data …

Delayed Large Local Reactions To Moderna Covid-19 Vaccine: A Follow-Up Report After Booster Vaccination, Kimberly G Blumenthal, Catherine Ahola, Sara Anvari, Upeka Samarakoon, Esther E Freeman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Telemedicine And Healthcare Implications For Central Virginia: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Patricia A. Lynch, Charletta H. Barringer-Brown, Daniel N. Brown, Taneisha D. Brown

Journal of Research Initiatives

Background: Uncertainties and challenges associated with COVID-19 have affected the efficient delivery of health care in Central Virginia. Integrating and redesigning health systems could boost the quality and efficiency of care delivery. Telemedicine has been suggested as a viable solution to increase virtual access to patient advocacy healthcare education and training programs and has the potential to help facilitate the delivery of health services to rural and remote areas. It is projected that access to quality telehealth services can minimize the need for in-person hospital visitation amid the pandemic. The innovation also facilitates remote assessment of patients and monitoring of …

Narrative Review Of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Evidence In Late 2021, Ambree Papa Schoetker, Manoj Sharma

Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal

The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has changed daily life dramatically since early 2020. Although COVID-19 vaccines are available in the United States, many express distrust in this primary prevention measure and doubt both the seriousness of COVID-19 and its associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccine hesitancy, also described as the reluctance or refusal of vaccines despite availability, exists on a continuum and was a known public health threat prior to the coronavirus pandemic. This narrative review examines studies related to the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in the United States. Also explored are the factors related to COVID-19 vaccine risk …

Cross-Sectional Study On Overweight And Obesity Associated With Fast-Food Consumption In Bangladesh, Farhana Sultana, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Md. Ashraful Islam, Mohammad Hamid Al Muktadir, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Muhammed Mohibul Islam, Abu Montakim Tareq, Nahida Afroz, Mahabuba Rahman, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Talha Bin Emran

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and status of fast-food consumption among students in Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to November 2020. A total of 654 samples were collected from several schools, colleges, and universities during this study period.

Results: About 60.1% and 39.9% of the students were male and female, respectively. Of the students, 53.1% considered fast food as unhealthy (p < 0.001), but only 47.7% were leading a sedentary lifestyle. A significant outcome of overweight and pre-obesity was observed for student institutions, consumption frequency, daily fast-food consumption, and sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.001). In addition, positive association was observed for fast-food consumption more than three times and less than three times per week (OR and 95% CI: 11.13 [7.52–16.47], p < 0.001), higher social class and lower class (OR and 95% CI: 2.18 [1.31–3.62], p = 0.003), fast food preference and other foods (OR and 95% CI: 1.55 [1.11–2.15], p = 0.009), and sedentary and heavily active lifestyle (OR …

Association Between Social Support And Three Types Of Loneliness Among Rural Older Adults In Johor, Malaysia, Siti Zuhaida Hussein, Norazilah Khalip, Selamah Ismail, Mohammad Fariq Hatta

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Social support plays a vital role in ensuring the well-being and quality of life of older people.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 380 older adults residing in a rural district in Johor, Malaysia. A proportional stratified random sampling was used to examine the relationship between social support and three types of loneliness. The data were collected using the Short-Form Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults and Lubben Social Network Scale–6, with p < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics 26.0 for Windows.

Results: More than half of the older adults in this rural area received social support from their family and friends. The …

Exploring The Association Of Physician Characteristics To Patient Requests For Genetic Testing, Vanessa B. Crowther, Sandra G. Suther, Jullet Davis Weaver, Clement K. Gwede, Matthew T. Dutton, Dongming Cui, Ivette A. López

Florida Public Health Review

Background: Cancer genomic testing improves health outcomes for individuals at risk, drives cost-efficiency, and facilitates healthcare equity; however, little is known about how physician demographic and practice characteristics influence patient requests for genetic testing. Purpose: To explore whether (and to what extent) physician demographic and practice characteristics are associated with patient requests for cancer genetic testing. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design survey was distributed to 1240 primary care physicians registered with the state health department who had active licenses and main practices in Florida. Primary care physicians were defined as those who practice family medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics, and gynecology. …

Effectiveness And Adherence To Closed Face Shields In The Prevention Of Covid-19 Transmission: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial In A Middle-Income Setting (Covproshield), Andrea Ramirez Varela, Alejandro Pacheco Gurruchaga, Silvia Restrepo Restrepo, Juan David Martin, Yessica Daniela Campaz Landazabal, Guillermo Tamayo-Cabeza, Sandra Contreras-Arrieta, Yuldor Caballero-Díaz, Luis Jorge Hernandez Florez, John Mario González, Juan Carlos Santos-Barbosa, José David Pinzón, Juan José Yepes-Nuñez, Rachid Laajaj, Giancarlo Buitrago Gutierrez, Martha Vives Florez, Janner Fuentes Castillo, Gianni Quinche Vargas, Andres Casas, Antonio Medina, Eduardo Behrentz, Covida Working Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The use of respiratory devices can mitigate the spread of diseases such as COVID-19 in community settings. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of closed face shields with surgical face masks to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia.

METHODS: An open-label non-inferiority randomized controlled trial that randomly assigned participants to one of two groups: the intervention group was instructed to wear closed face shields with surgical face masks, and the active control group was instructed to wear only surgical face masks. The primary outcome was a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction …

Covid-19 Youth Ambassador Corp, A Community-Based Program To Address Vaccine Hesitancy, Atoosa Azarang

Master's Projects and Capstones

With over one million confirmed deaths from COVID-19, the United States (U.S.) continues to battle the public health crisis arising from the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on our economic, social, and health systems. Social distancing efforts and other precautionary measures such as mask-wearing have not sufficiently reduced morbidity and mortality from COVID-19; thus, COVID-19 vaccinations are an important tool for substantially alleviating the effects of the pandemic. Although COVID-19 vaccines are available to all Americans aged six months and older, many individuals are hesitant to receive vaccines. The two most common …

The Global Network Socioeconomic Status Index As A Predictor Of Stillbirths, Perinatal Mortality, And Neonatal Mortality In Rural Communities In Low And Lower Middle Income Country Sites Of The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research, Archana B. Patel, Carla M. Bann, Cherryl S. Kolhe, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Melissa Bauserman, Lester Figueroa, Nancy F. Krebs, Fabian Esamai, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Globally, socioeconomic status (SES) is an important health determinant across a range of health conditions and diseases. However, measuring SES within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be particularly challenging given the variation and diversity of LMIC populations.
Objective: The current study investigates whether maternal SES as assessed by the newly developed Global Network-SES Index is associated with pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality) in six LMICs: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia.
Methods: The analysis included data from 87,923 women enrolled in the Maternal and Newborn Health Registry of the NICHD-funded …

Tobacco Policy Reform: Ending The Youth And Young Adult Tobacco Epidemic, Rocio Arjon

Master's Projects and Capstones

Tobacco has been accessible to communities all over the world since 6,000 BC. Overtime, the tobacco industry adapted its products to become more modern and look like technology or taste like common foods and candy. In 1989 the California Department of Public Health organized the California Control Tobacco Program (CTCP) which funds many local jurisdictions in California to provide tobacco education to community members and pass local ordinance to protect the health of their community. This paper is examining the existing policies in Hollister to protect our children and young adults, end the tobacco epidemic, advocate for more comprehensive tobacco …

Emergency Care For Youth Who Experience Suicidality And Identify As Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer/Questioning (Lgbtq+): An Interpretive Phenomenology, Theresa Schultz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Suicide is a leading cause of death in children; youth who identify as LGBTQ+ are at an exponentially higher risk of suicide. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of young adults who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency care for suicidality when they were adolescents.

Methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics phenomenology is the research method used in this study. Youth, ages 18-25 years, who identify as LGBTQ+ and sought emergency treatment for suicidality when they were adolescents (13-17 years) were recruited to participate;fifteen youth enrolled. Individuals ranged in age from 20 to 25 years. Participants described …