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Full-Text Articles in Other Psychiatry and Psychology
Development Of An Integrated Unmanned Aerial Systems Validation Center, Austin G. Decker, John H. Mott, Robert J. Connor, Ayman Habib, Darcy M. Bullock
Development Of An Integrated Unmanned Aerial Systems Validation Center, Austin G. Decker, John H. Mott, Robert J. Connor, Ayman Habib, Darcy M. Bullock
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have the potential to drastically change how civil infrastructure is inspected, monitored, and managed. Deployment of UAS in areas such as bridge inspection and accident reconstruction will likely have far-reaching impacts and evolve over time, with new uses and users emerging as technology matures. However, with any new technology, limitations exist until new protocols are established, and industry must move forward with an appropriate level of caution. For example, statements regarding the ability of a UAS to replace a human bridge inspector are frequently observed in trade magazines, presentations, and in the literature, though no objective …
Communicating Data-Driven Risk Information To Pilots, Nicoletta Fala, Karen Marais
Communicating Data-Driven Risk Information To Pilots, Nicoletta Fala, Karen Marais
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
General Aviation safety is a pressing concern. In this research, we consider the factor that appears most often in accidents: the pilot. Newly-licensed pilots can fly without their instructor, potentially as the only or most experienced pilot in the aircraft. Commercial debrief products use technology in the flight deck to collect data and provide post-flight visualizations for performance reviews, but do not discuss flight safety. To manage risk, though, pilots need to perceive the risk associated with a situation before deciding whether they are willing to accept it. Safety-driven post-flight feedback may help address performance. However, it is not clear …
The Joint Tactical Air Controller: Cognitive Modeling And Augmented Reality Hmd Design., Christopher D. Wickens, Gaia Dempsey, Andrew Pringle, Lucas Kazansky, Stefanie Hutka
The Joint Tactical Air Controller: Cognitive Modeling And Augmented Reality Hmd Design., Christopher D. Wickens, Gaia Dempsey, Andrew Pringle, Lucas Kazansky, Stefanie Hutka
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
This paper describes the design and model based evaluation of DARSAD, an augmented reality head mounted display for the joint tactical air controller (JTAC), who manages and directs fire from air assets near the battlefield. Designs, based on 6 principles of attention, memory and information processing are produced for various phases of JTAC operations including target identification and airspace management. The different design candidates are evaluated and compared based on how they “scored” in adhering to model predictions, when those models were based on the above principles. Display designs, principles, models and the evaluation process are all described here.
Controller-Pilot Communication As An Index Of Human Performance In The National Airspace System, Mustafa Demir, Sarah Ligda, Nancy Cooke, Megan Seeds, Mariah Harris, Mary Niemczyk
Controller-Pilot Communication As An Index Of Human Performance In The National Airspace System, Mustafa Demir, Sarah Ligda, Nancy Cooke, Megan Seeds, Mariah Harris, Mary Niemczyk
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
New capabilities to modernize the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) include support of real-time information streams derived from many data sources across the NAS. This provision allows for system risk prognostics originating from sets of diagnostic health information. The current exploratory paper presents how to model human performance with the larger purpose of developing NAS risk prognostics. We explore ways in which human performance relates to communication and coordination among controllers and pilots in the context of their objectives, technologies, and environment. A literature review shows communication is often associated with controller performance in both experimental simulations and safety reviews. …
Learning From The Past: Airline Accidents & The Icao Language Proficiency Program, Simon Cookson
Learning From The Past: Airline Accidents & The Icao Language Proficiency Program, Simon Cookson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
In response to multiple airline accidents involving pilot-ATC communication breakdowns, ICAO implemented a worldwide language proficiency program in 2011. The official guide to the program, Document 9835, cites four accidents in which insufficient English proficiency of pilots or air traffic controllers was a contributing factor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of the four accidents to current airline operations. A survey was distributed to UK-based pilots using BALPA online discussion forums. The survey explored: respondents’ awareness of the accidents cited by ICAO; sources of information; and the role played by English proficiency in the accidents. This …
Human-Autonomy Teaming - An Evolving Interaction Paradigm: Teaming And Automation, Dale Richards, Bill Kaliardos
Human-Autonomy Teaming - An Evolving Interaction Paradigm: Teaming And Automation, Dale Richards, Bill Kaliardos
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Intelligent and complex systems are becoming common in our workplace and our homes, providing direct assistance in transport, health and education domains. In many instances the nature of these systems are somewhat ubiquitous, and influence the manner in which we make decisions. Traditionally we understand the benefits of how humans work within teams, and the associated pitfalls and costs when this team fails to work. However, we can view the autonomous agent as a synthetic partner emerging in roles that have traditionally been the bastion of the human alone. Within these new Human-Autonomy Teams we can witness different levels of …
Investigating The Effect Of Micro-Quadcopter Flight On Uas Instruction, William Weldon, Kristoffer Borgen, Brain Kozak
Investigating The Effect Of Micro-Quadcopter Flight On Uas Instruction, William Weldon, Kristoffer Borgen, Brain Kozak
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
This paper examines student perceptions of micro-quadcopter flights in a higher education setting through a case study format. The purpose of the flight activity discussed is to allow students to familiarize themselves with quadcopter flight characteristics, as early as possible, at their own pace in a low stress environment. Through a series of interviews with students who had taken a course where this activity was performed it was found that students enjoyed the activity and found it engaging. Some students felt that the activity provided them confidence for later courses, and many felt that it helped teach basic quadcopter control. …
Pilot Information Needs For Electronic Data-Driven Charts, Joseph M. Jaworksi, Michelle Yeh, Cathy Swider
Pilot Information Needs For Electronic Data-Driven Charts, Joseph M. Jaworksi, Michelle Yeh, Cathy Swider
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Electronic charting technology is evolving from “fixed” raster-based charts to data-driven charts, in which information elements shown on the chart can be reconfigured during flight. Specifically, we were interested in identifying a set of minimum information requirements for a concept in which pilots brief with a fixed chart showing all information elements but then fly with an electronic chart, which may or may not include all the information elements that were briefed. Two hundred twenty-nine pilots rated the importance of information elements shown on four different types of aeronautical charts. We analyzed the data using one-way chi-square tests to identify …
Collegiate Program Safety Culture Survey – A Comparison Of Disciplines, Wendy Beckman, Daniel Siao, Carlos Smith, Kevin Corns
Collegiate Program Safety Culture Survey – A Comparison Of Disciplines, Wendy Beckman, Daniel Siao, Carlos Smith, Kevin Corns
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The use of safety culture surveys to determine constituent perception of an organization’s efforts toward safety is widely accepted. However, the use of such surveys to compare disciplines within a collegiate aviation department has infrequently been employed. Students enrolled in flight, maintenance, and UAS programs participated in a safety culture survey, providing data on the safety culture within each program as well as the ability to compare programs. Subscales for safety values, safety fundamentals, and risk assessment were included. There were statistically significant differences in safety values between the maintenance group and both the flight and UAS groups, and between …
Weather Hazards In General Aviation: Human Factors Research To Understand And Mitigate The Problem, Ian Johnson, Beth Blickensderfer, Goeff Whitehurst, Lori J. Brown, Ulf Ahlstrom, Mary E. Johnson
Weather Hazards In General Aviation: Human Factors Research To Understand And Mitigate The Problem, Ian Johnson, Beth Blickensderfer, Goeff Whitehurst, Lori J. Brown, Ulf Ahlstrom, Mary E. Johnson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Weather-related accidents contribute to general aviation fatal accidents each year. These accidents continue to occur even with advancements in weather information technology available in cockpit display technology and mobile applications. The purpose of this session is to highlight a body of on-going human factors research addressing examining interpretability of aviation weather observations, displays, and forecasts; discussion of results from the weather information latency study; use of augmented reality to enhance aviation education, training, and weather information presentation; increasing the number and detail of GA pilot reports (PIREP’s); and GA Pilot In-flight Visibility Assessments. This paper provides an abstract for each …
Operational Alerting On Modern Commercial Flight Decks, J P. Reitsma, M M. Van Paassen, M Mulder
Operational Alerting On Modern Commercial Flight Decks, J P. Reitsma, M M. Van Paassen, M Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The glass cockpit and EFB enable new ways of information presentation and interaction on the flight deck of modern commercial jets. This information supports crews in flight plan management, which essentially entails evaluating the plan against (ever-changing) flight constraints and, if necessary, modifying it. Flight constraints emerge from the interaction between the system and its operational environment. Understanding the constraints, and checking the flight plan against these constraints, requires selection and combination of information from many sources. Operational alerting can support this process, by prioritizing and formatting information to match the operational context. A number of modern flight deck systems …
Effects Of Decision Type And Aid Accuracy On User Performance, Lori Mahoney, Joseph W. Houpt
Effects Of Decision Type And Aid Accuracy On User Performance, Lori Mahoney, Joseph W. Houpt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Automated aids provide users additional information for making decisions. The way the aid presents the information requires the user to either make the same decision as unaided or to agree or disagree with the aid’s recommendation. In this study, we measured response times and accuracy without an aid and with an aid where either: 1) the subject makes the same decision as the unaided condition, or 2) the subject agrees or disagrees with the automated aid’s decision. Results show subjects were more accurate with direct selection decisions, more accurate aids, and easier tasks, with an interaction between decision type and …
Six-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training, Maxine Lubner, Andrew R. Dattel, Emerson Allen, Deb Henneberry, Sharon Devivo
Six-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training, Maxine Lubner, Andrew R. Dattel, Emerson Allen, Deb Henneberry, Sharon Devivo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
In 2012, Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology initiated an intensive, simulator based, flight training program. Three cohorts, totaling 16 students, completed flight training with fewer flight hours than the United States average (ISAP, 2013). The students earned Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Private Pilot certificates within 5 weeks, Instrument ratings in 3-4 weeks, Commercial certificates in an average of 20 weeks and Certificated Flight Instructor ratings in an average of 40 weeks. All participants met selection criteria, including completing their FAA Class III medical certificates, FAA Private Pilot Knowledge exams, a demonstration flight, financial counseling, having a grade point average …
A Systems-Based Model And Processes For Integrated Safety Management Systems (I-Sms), Diogo Silva Castillo
A Systems-Based Model And Processes For Integrated Safety Management Systems (I-Sms), Diogo Silva Castillo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The study of the vulnerabilities of a system is often organized in a hazard analysis. Methods based on systems thinking are relevant tools to analyze the operation of modern products. The purpose of this research is to develop, implement, and validate a systems-based model for aviation Safety Management Systems (SMS) incorporating the treatment of collected data to foster the effectiveness of mitigating measures over time. The model uses data monitoring systems, management of change reports, flight inspections, voluntary reports, and other sources as input messages to an Active Hazard Analysis. The new requirements, constraints, and the preventing and mitigating measures …
Which Ocular Dominance Should Be Considered For Monocular Augmented Reality Devices?, Elodie Bayle, Estelle Guilbaud, Sylvain Hourlier, Sylvie Lelandais, Laure Leroy, Justin Plantier, Pascaline Neveu
Which Ocular Dominance Should Be Considered For Monocular Augmented Reality Devices?, Elodie Bayle, Estelle Guilbaud, Sylvain Hourlier, Sylvie Lelandais, Laure Leroy, Justin Plantier, Pascaline Neveu
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
A monocular augmented reality device allows the user to see information that is superimposed on the environment. As it does not stimulate both eyes in the same way, it creates a phenomenon known as binocular rivalry. The question therefore arises as to whether monocular information should be displayed to a particular eye and if an ocular dominance test can determine it. This paper contributes to give a better understanding of ocular dominance by comparing nine tests. Our results suggest that ocular dominance can be divided into sighting and sensorial dominance. However, different sensorial dominance tests give different results, suggesting that …
Testing The Applicability Of A Checklist-Based Startle Management Method In The Simulator, Annemarie Landman, Sophie H. Van Middelaar, Eric L. Groen, M M. Van Paassen, Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, Max Mulder
Testing The Applicability Of A Checklist-Based Startle Management Method In The Simulator, Annemarie Landman, Sophie H. Van Middelaar, Eric L. Groen, M M. Van Paassen, Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Several checklist-based methods have been proposed to help pilots manage startle in unexpected situations. In the current experiment, we tested how pilots reacted to using such a method, which featured the mnemonic COOL: Calm down – Observe – Outline – Lead. Using a motion-based simulator outfitted with a non-linear aerodynamic model of a small twin-propeller aircraft, twelve pilots practiced using the COOL method before performing four test scenarios involving startling events. Application of the full method in the test scenarios was high (90-100%), and pilots rated the method on average as useful (4 on a 1-5 point Likert scale). The …
A New Hmi Evaluation Method (Meria) Based On Pilot's Mental Representations, Théodore Letouze, Lisa Creno, Jamie Diaz, Sylvian Hourlier, Jean-Marc Andre
A New Hmi Evaluation Method (Meria) Based On Pilot's Mental Representations, Théodore Letouze, Lisa Creno, Jamie Diaz, Sylvian Hourlier, Jean-Marc Andre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Continuous evolution of HMIs is necessary to keep operators in an optimal situation. In this context, we consider mental representations (MR) mobilized by operators as key elements for decisionmaking. Capturing and analysing these representations is not easy with existing tools. We propose a specific method (i.e. "MERIA" for Mental Representation Impact Analysis). Our case study focuses on a group of first officer (Airbus A320) in a dynamic situation with high time pressure. We are interested in cases where the HMI generates MRs that are inconsistent with the situation, resulting in a discrepancy between the prescribed activity and the actual activity. …
Haptic Support For Avoiding Static And Dynamic Obstacles In Uav Tele-Operation, Tomasz Piessens, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder
Haptic Support For Avoiding Static And Dynamic Obstacles In Uav Tele-Operation, Tomasz Piessens, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Impoverished sensory input makes tele-operation of Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles a difficult task. Automation support can provide assistance to the operator, but may also produce automation surprise and a risk of loss of situation awareness, when the human operator fails to notice the actions of automation in high-workload situations. Previous work applied haptic feedback based on an artificial risk field to assist in avoidance of static obstacles with a small helicopter UAV. An off-line analysis of that solution shows that it would not be sufficiently effective for the avoidance of dynamic, moving obstacles. A new haptic assist algorithm, based on velocity …
Evaluating Team Dynamics For Collaborative Communication Alignment Tasks, Adam Jones, Nia S. Peters
Evaluating Team Dynamics For Collaborative Communication Alignment Tasks, Adam Jones, Nia S. Peters
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The primary focus of this work is in exploring human teaming dynamics within goal-oriented communication alignments tasks. A communication alignment task within the context of this work is one in which two teammates have the exact same target information, but from differing perspectives and must communicate in an effort to align their knowledge and agree on the target output. Such an interaction within aviation could occur between a pilot and air traffic controller or ground troop personnel and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) controller. The goal is to compare the task performance and time of completion of a communication alignment task …
Applied Use Of Safety Performance Monitoring In Global Aviation Operations, Timothy M. Wilky, Edward M. Austrian, R. Jordan Hinson, Michael W. Sawyer, Mark Milliam
Applied Use Of Safety Performance Monitoring In Global Aviation Operations, Timothy M. Wilky, Edward M. Austrian, R. Jordan Hinson, Michael W. Sawyer, Mark Milliam
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
For decades, aviation has been at the leading edge of safety and human factors data collection. These data have provided valuable insights into emerging trends and human-system performance needs. As industry continues to improve its data collection capabilities, stakeholders must develop a common understanding and use of safety performance monitoring (SPM) practices and terms governed by ICAO (ICAO Annex 19, ICAO Doc 9859). SPM is a critical component of Safety Management Systems and State Safety Programs. To understand industry’s awareness and use of SPM in current operations, an SPM Survey was administered. Responses were received from 161 domain representatives in …
Depiction Of Vertical Flight Paths For Nextgen Arrival And Departure Instrument Flight Procedures, Divya C. Chandra
Depiction Of Vertical Flight Paths For Nextgen Arrival And Departure Instrument Flight Procedures, Divya C. Chandra
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Charts for instrument approach procedures have a vertical profile view that pilots can refer to during the final stages of the approach to the runway. However, there is no similar view of vertical flight path on charts for arrival and departure procedures. We studied whether a depiction of vertical flight path is feasible for arrivals and departures and whether it could help pilots manage procedures such as Optimized Profile Descents (OPDs), which are becoming common in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). We identified sample procedures with challenging features including multiple flight path transitions, multiple constraints, course reversals, and …
Scd: A 3 States Startle Copying Display To Manage Deleterious Effects Of Extreme Emergency Situation., Christophe Bey, Sylvian Hourlier, Jean-Marc Andre
Scd: A 3 States Startle Copying Display To Manage Deleterious Effects Of Extreme Emergency Situation., Christophe Bey, Sylvian Hourlier, Jean-Marc Andre
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The management of cognitive resources are central in the case of a decision-making process by pilots. We undertake a study involving Airbus 400M pilots and allowing to understand these mechanisms and to propose recommendations for the design of a tool to assist in the management of their cognitive resources. We find that in the most critical cases and under strong temporal pressure, the maintenance of control of the situation corresponds to a survival type behavior which alone can allow a return to the metarules (back to basics). Our display management proposal allows the pilot to maintain control of the situation …
Envisioning User Requirements For First-Of-A-Kind Future Rotorcraft, Christen Sushereba, Laura Militello, Katie Ernst, Julie Diiulio, Emilie Roth, Scott Scheff, William Huff Iv
Envisioning User Requirements For First-Of-A-Kind Future Rotorcraft, Christen Sushereba, Laura Militello, Katie Ernst, Julie Diiulio, Emilie Roth, Scott Scheff, William Huff Iv
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
In this paper, we describe an ongoing effort to envision and articulate requirements for the United States Army’s Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program, specifically related to crewing. The goal of FVL is to develop a new family of rotorcraft that will incorporate advanced technologies to support new capabilities. We will discuss the challenges associated with envisioning a future system, along with approaches to design for the envisioned world with examples. We emphasize the importance of focusing on the envisioned work domain, rather than advances in new technologies. We recommend that by articulating the future work domain, requirements for new technologies …
The Use Of 3d Modeling Software To Enhance Rotorcraft Maintenance Training, Celeste D. Torrez, Brian J. Kozak
The Use Of 3d Modeling Software To Enhance Rotorcraft Maintenance Training, Celeste D. Torrez, Brian J. Kozak
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
In order to obtain an airframe and powerplant (A&P) certificate, students must receive a minimum of 1,900 hours of instruction from an FAA approved 14 CFR Part 147 School. Within Part 147, students are only required to learn about helicopters at a level 1 proficiency, which requires only classroom lectures. In order to fill this possible gap in knowledge, the authors created a training exercise at the sophomore level. A helicopter tail rotor was simulated using CATIA to model common stresses on helicopter components. Additionally, helicopter accident reports were used to increase the understanding of proper maintenance, and how components …
If We’D Only Listen! What Research Can Tell Us About Aircrew Fatigue., Christina Ruudin-Brown, Ari Rosberg, Danielle Krukowski
If We’D Only Listen! What Research Can Tell Us About Aircrew Fatigue., Christina Ruudin-Brown, Ari Rosberg, Danielle Krukowski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Performance decrements associated with fatigue are significant risk factors of occupational, motor vehicle, and aviation accidents. The substantial number of recent aviation occurrences involving aircrew fatigue and the slow progress of related rulemaking prompted the TSB to include fatigue management on its 2018 Watchlist of key safety issues. At the same time, a finding of aircrew fatigue in a 2017 NTSB investigation into a near-taxiway landing prompted some journalists to argue that there are few, if any, research studies showing how fatigue affects flying ability, and that current efforts in fatigue management may not be effective. This paper explores research …
A History Of The Air Traffic Control Collegiate Training Initiative (At-Cti) Program, Darendia Mccauley, Dana Broach
A History Of The Air Traffic Control Collegiate Training Initiative (At-Cti) Program, Darendia Mccauley, Dana Broach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
In the 1989 FAA Flight Plan for Training, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) proposed testing the concept of off-loading some portion of air traffic control specialist (ATCS) training to colleges and universities. This was the genesis of the program that became known as the Air Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative (AT-CTI). The AT-CTI program was initiated as a cost saving effort to defer some of the basic ATCS educational elements to participating colleges and universities. Beginning in 1989, the FAA entered into partnerships with selected post-secondary educational institutions to conduct some portion of ATCS technical training as a demonstration program. The …
A Tablet-Computer App Displaying Runway Winds, William R. Knecht
A Tablet-Computer App Displaying Runway Winds, William R. Knecht
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
We tested variants of a mobile meteorological tablet-computer application designed to help general aviation (GA) pilots land aircraft more safely under windy conditions. This “app” compared METAR runway wind information in several graphical and textual formats. Study 1 tested 25 GA pilots on 18 runway wind scenarios. Graphical METARs depicted the runway with a large arrow at 90°, representing the crosswind speed component, and a second arrow parallel to the runway, representing the headwind/tailwind component. We hypothesized that eliminating the need for complex mental calculation of wind components would increase speed and/or accuracy of information processing. Study 2 tested 17 …
Factors Affecting Air Traffic Controller’S Weather Dissemination To Pilots, Ali Alshaqah, Chen Ling, Emma Pierson, Shengyoung Wang
Factors Affecting Air Traffic Controller’S Weather Dissemination To Pilots, Ali Alshaqah, Chen Ling, Emma Pierson, Shengyoung Wang
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
As the number of flights in the United States continues to rise steadily, an equally amplified need for reliability and safety has come to the forefront of aviation research. One of the most alarming trends is the number of general aviation (GA) accidents during severe weather events that occur yearly, with fatalities occurring in more than half of these cases. This study focuses on identifying factors influencing weather dissemination of Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) to GA pilots. Ten factors affecting controllers’ performance during severe weather events were identified through an in-depth literature review including controller mental workload, situation awareness, weather …
Understanding Current Ways Of Reporting Runway Incursion Incidents At Towered Airports, Divya Bhargava, Karen Marais
Understanding Current Ways Of Reporting Runway Incursion Incidents At Towered Airports, Divya Bhargava, Karen Marais
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
Runway incursions occur when an unauthorized aircraft, vehicle or pedestrian operates on a runway. While most incursions are near-misses, they have the potential of turning into fatal accidents such as the Tenerife accident. Despite various efforts to reduce runway incursions, the number of incursions has been increasing. Learning from past incidents can help us develop effective preventive strategies but lack of in-depth investigations limits our understanding of the causes of incursions. At towered airports, the controller on duty reports the incident to the FAA using a form asking them to describe the incident in their own words. Our research question …
A Framework For Assessing The Impact Of Performance-Based Navigation On Air Traffic Controllers, R. Jordan Hinson, Michael W. Sawyer, Gary L. Serfoss
A Framework For Assessing The Impact Of Performance-Based Navigation On Air Traffic Controllers, R. Jordan Hinson, Michael W. Sawyer, Gary L. Serfoss
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2019
The air traffic control domain is undergoing significant modernization efforts through technology and procedure enhancements. Understanding the impact of these changes and ensuring these enhancements do not unduly increase controller cognitive workload is essential for success. This research provides a framework for assessing human performance impacts and cognitive workload associated with Performance-Based Navigation for use in an operational air traffic control environment. A panel of human factors and air traffic control subject matter experts assessed a broad set of measures of cognitive workload based on sensitivity, bandwidth, diagnosticity, selectivity, interference, controller acceptance, reliability, and implementation requirements. This resulted in a …