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Determinants Of Conflict Risk Judgments In Air Traffic Control, Stéphanie Stankovic, Esa Rantanen, Nicolas Ponomarenko, Shayne Loft Jan 2009

Determinants Of Conflict Risk Judgments In Air Traffic Control, Stéphanie Stankovic, Esa Rantanen, Nicolas Ponomarenko, Shayne Loft

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of conflict risk judgments in air traffic control. Fourteen expert controllers made conflict risk judgments about air traffic situations in which three variables (conflict geometry, time of closest point of approach or TCPA, and vertical separation between aircraft) were manipulated. The results indicate that conflict geometry, TCPA, and the vertical separation between aircraft significantly influenced judgments of conflict risk. In addition, there was a significant interaction between these three variables. Risk perception was largest under conditions where aircraft were on the same headings, with short TCPA, and no minimum vertical …

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Design And Evaluation Of A Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (Cpdlc) Interface, John Fugedy, Emmanuel Letsu-Dake Phd, Dave Pepitone Phd, Joe Rakolta, Craig Schimmel Jan 2009

Design And Evaluation Of A Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (Cpdlc) Interface, John Fugedy, Emmanuel Letsu-Dake Phd, Dave Pepitone Phd, Joe Rakolta, Craig Schimmel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Data link communications will, for the most part, replace voice communications between aircraft and air traffic control (ATC) systems in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). One goal in implementing data link communications is to establish Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) procedures, logic and page designs with existing equipment that will maximize total system-pilot efficiency. A new message menu tree index was developed to provide quick and easy access to all CPDLC messages (uplinks and downlinks as defined by RTCA SC-214). Page formats were also developed to minimize errors and enhance the efficiency of pilots in data link communications. …

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Stress Training Efficacy In An Aviation Context, Christopher K. Mcclernon Jan 2009

Stress Training Efficacy In An Aviation Context, Christopher K. Mcclernon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Stress is regularly introduced in training to prepare troops for stressful environments and situations, although there is very little empirical evidence for stress training's effectiveness, implementation and pedagogy. Twenty novice participants were recruited and assigned to either a stress-trained (cold pressor), treatment group or a control group. Stress training was effective at improving the treatment group’s performance during a final criterion session on an aircraft navigation task compared to the control group. In addition, the stress-trained group showed lower criterion heart rate variability, skin conductance, and subjective stress ratings compared to the control group. This research demonstrates stress training as …

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Applied Threat And Error Management: Toward Crew-Centered Solutions, Eric E. Geiselman Jan 2009

Applied Threat And Error Management: Toward Crew-Centered Solutions, Eric E. Geiselman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

For an operator, a high level of understanding regarding procedures enables appropriate defenses to be built into a robust Threat and Error Management (TEM) framework. Currently, airline flightdeck crewmember training and reference information is concentrated heavily on what and how procedures are performed, but not on why they must be performed a standard way. This missing component of certainty invites misinterpretation of the standards and induces error. I propose a Crew-Centered TEM (CC/TEM) approach designed to arm flight crewmembers with more depth of procedural understanding than that currently afforded. A recent accident where human error was identified as a probable …

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Maneuver Stereotypes In Airborne Conflict Resolutions, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher D. Wickens, David Keller Jan 2009

Maneuver Stereotypes In Airborne Conflict Resolutions, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher D. Wickens, David Keller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The roles and responsibilities of air traffic controllers and pilots are shifting in the advent of the NextGen air traffic management infrastructure, which also involves high levels of automation. It is important to understand just how large departures from the current ingrained practices the NextGen procedures represent, particularly in extremely safetycritical tasks such as airborne conflict resolutions. Pilots’ conflict resolution maneuver preferences have received some attention, but corresponding research on air traffic controllers’ practices is almost nonexistent. We analyzed 87 samples of aircraft track data involving conflict alerts and subsequent resolution maneuvers from Atlanta center. Vertical conflict resolution maneuvers were …

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Performance Visualization Method Of Air Traffic Control Tasks For Educational Purpose With Utilizing Cognitive System Simulation, Daisuke Karikawa, Hisae Aoyama, Makoto Takahashi, Kazuo Furuta Jan 2009

Performance Visualization Method Of Air Traffic Control Tasks For Educational Purpose With Utilizing Cognitive System Simulation, Daisuke Karikawa, Hisae Aoyama, Makoto Takahashi, Kazuo Furuta

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the dynamic and multi-task condition of air traffic control, an Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) must utilize effective strategies to control traffic to prevent potential collision of aircraft and also to reduce his cognitive workload. Therefore, the strategy building skill of an ATCO is quite important for aviation safety and efficiency. In the present research, for supporting education of strategy building, a function which can visualize the difference of task performance has been implemented into the Air Traffic Controller Cognitive Simulation (ATCCS). Using this function, the effect of ATCO’s control on air traffic flow has been successfully visualized, which helps …

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Multi-Uav Supervisory Control Interface Technology, Michael Patzek Ph.D., Doug Zimmer, Gregory Feitshans, Mark Draper Ph.D., Tom Huges, John Flach Jan 2009

Multi-Uav Supervisory Control Interface Technology, Michael Patzek Ph.D., Doug Zimmer, Gregory Feitshans, Mark Draper Ph.D., Tom Huges, John Flach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Supervisory Control Interfaces Branch (711HPW/RHCI) is conducting an advanced technology development program, entitled Multi-UAV Supervisory Control Interface Technology (MUSCIT). This program is focused on human systems integration; developing and integrating controls, displays, and decision support aids that enable a single operator control station to control multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the performance of dynamic intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) tasks as well as close air support (CAS) missions. This 5-year program, which began in 2007, employs a spiral development approach that consists of repeated analysis, design, development, virtual simulations, and flight tests to evaluate, …

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Towards A Meaningful Presentation Of Fms Trajectory Information For Tactical Self-Separation, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen Jan 2009

Towards A Meaningful Presentation Of Fms Trajectory Information For Tactical Self-Separation, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the context of future airspace management concepts, the flight crew will need tactical navigation support for airborne self-separation. Applying ecological interface design principles, a state-based navigation tool was designed that uses functional information overlays that show how traffic and aircraft performance constrain the horizontal maneuvering. The state-based system has been enhanced with a visualization of intent information from the flight plan trajectory (Van Dam, Paassen, & Mulder, 2007). This paper discusses in detail the exchange of intent information using ADS-B. It presents some promising ideas to show intent in a more meaningful and pilot-intuitive way, particularly focusing on the …

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Transfer Of Skills From Microsoft Flight Simulator X To An Aircraft, Mark N. Callender, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy S. Beckman, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett Jan 2009

Transfer Of Skills From Microsoft Flight Simulator X To An Aircraft, Mark N. Callender, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy S. Beckman, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the spring of 2008, with funding from the Aircraft Owner’s and Pilot’s Association, Middle Tennessee State University performed a study to evaluate the transferability of skills from Microsoft Flight Simulator X (MSFSX) to an aircraft for novice flight students. Nine students practiced tasks in six MSFSX Flight Lesson modules until the modules were successfully completed. The number of iterations required by students to accomplish each module satisfactorily was recorded. These students, along with nine others which comprised the control group, received flight training in a DA-40 for the same six maneuvers. They were subsequently evaluated on the number of …

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Designing Work-Centered Support For Dynamic Multi-Mission Synchronization, Emilie Roth, Randall Whitaker, Robert Truxler, Ronald Scott, Thomas Kazmierczak, John Ostwald, Jeffrey Wampler Jan 2009

Designing Work-Centered Support For Dynamic Multi-Mission Synchronization, Emilie Roth, Randall Whitaker, Robert Truxler, Ronald Scott, Thomas Kazmierczak, John Ostwald, Jeffrey Wampler

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

We describe recent developments in an ongoing program to design work-centered C2 support for a military airlift organization. Work-centered design tailors support to the cognitive and collaborative demands of the work. A coordinated suite of visualizations was developed to support synchronized replanning in response to dynamically changing conditions by revealing the interrelationships and constraints across multiple missions distributed in time and space. Support included the ability to perform ‘what if’ simulations across multiple missions so as to assess the impact of a change in one mission on other missions. An empirical evaluation was conducted comparing target user replanning performance on …

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Attitudes Toward Automation And Information Requirements Of Experienced Predator Operators, William P. Marshak, John Hudson, Jeff Collier Jan 2009

Attitudes Toward Automation And Information Requirements Of Experienced Predator Operators, William P. Marshak, John Hudson, Jeff Collier

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Two simulation studies were conducted using the Multiple Uninhabited Air Vehicle Agency (MAGE) software with nine Predator experienced pilots and sensor operators. In one study, MAGE's situation awareness and decision support elements were employed as supplemental information displays to a Predator crew station simulation within the Air Force's SIMAF facility. In the second simulation, each pilot controlled two autonomous UAVs during a complex multi-target mission scenario using the MAGE software suite. After the simulations were complete, the crewpersons answered questions about their attitudes concerning automated features and what kinds of non-vehicle information (weather, air spaces, intelligence, etc.) they felt they …

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Airport Departure Flow Management (Dfm): Findings From Field Trial Testing, Amy Spencer, Ted Carniol, Jason Pepper, Philip J. Smith Jan 2009

Airport Departure Flow Management (Dfm): Findings From Field Trial Testing, Amy Spencer, Ted Carniol, Jason Pepper, Philip J. Smith

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In this paper, we discuss the field testing of a Departure Flow Management (DFM) capability that has been developed by the FAA to reduce manual airport Call For Release (CFR) coordination requirements and workload, while increasing airport departure throughput and reducing delays. This field test consisted of shadow and operational phases and utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. This study took place February and March 2008 at the Los Angeles (ZLA) Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) and Burbank (BUR), Las Vegas (LAS), Los Angeles (LAX), Ontario (ONT), and San Diego (SAN) airports. This test provided insights into how this …

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Multidimensional Evaluation Of Pilot`S Threat And Error Management Performance During Complex Flight Maneuvers, Ioana Koglbauer, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Reinhard Braunstingl, Wolfram Boucsein Jan 2009

Multidimensional Evaluation Of Pilot`S Threat And Error Management Performance During Complex Flight Maneuvers, Ioana Koglbauer, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Reinhard Braunstingl, Wolfram Boucsein

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The present research attempts a multidimensional threat and error management performance analysis of pilots flying according to visual flight rules, during the recovery from four unusual aircraft states: extreme pitch, overbanked attitude, full stall and spin. An anticipative training program was developed based on flight mechanical and psychophysiological analysis of an expert’s performance. Training took place in a flight simulator and was preceded and followed by check flights with an aerobatic aircraft, a Pitts S-2B, supervised by an expert aerobatic flight instructor. In a between-groups design, a multidimensional assessment was applied, comprising psychophysiological measures of arousal, emotion, subjective, workload and …

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Preparing For The Future Of Collaborative Air Traffic Management, Phillip J. Smith, Charles Billings Jan 2009

Preparing For The Future Of Collaborative Air Traffic Management, Phillip J. Smith, Charles Billings

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

One of the key areas identified in the NextGen Concept of Operations focuses on Collaborative Air Traffic Management (CATM). Within the NextGen Concept of Operations, this collaboration is expected to continue to occur in a highly distributed environment where operational staff are distributed across many locations and organizations, including flight operations centers, pilots, the Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center, Enroute Centers, TRACONs and Airport ATC Towers (or their future functional equivalents). Significant changes can be expected, however, due to the introduction of new decision support technologies which will enable different approaches to traffic management. These changes in CATM require …

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Psychological Fidelity Of Simulator Human Performance Limitation Training, K. Wolfgang Kallus Jan 2009

Psychological Fidelity Of Simulator Human Performance Limitation Training, K. Wolfgang Kallus

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Fidelity of simulators for training of pilots has to be judged from the final end of the training goal. This conclusion can be derived from the overview of Hays & Singer (1989), which has been published a considerable time ago. Nevertheless, an ongoing debate questions the need of simulator features like motion for the training of pilots – partly without giving attention to the training goals at hand. Especially in the area of threat and error management requirements for the simulators differ markedly from operational recurrence training. For experienced ATPL- pilots we can assume that a high fidelity visual simulation …

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Simulator Motion…It Rocks! (Or Maybe Not), Bob Jacobs Jan 2009

Simulator Motion…It Rocks! (Or Maybe Not), Bob Jacobs

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

I want to briefly share some of our early work at the University of Illinois Aviation Research Laboratory relating to the nature and role of motion cueing and its relationship to pilot performance in flight training, skill evaluation, and flight instrument utilization. First, though, I’d like to offer some personal testimony about Stan Roscoe, the director of the Lab, so that you can appreciate the extraordinary environment we were provided in which to pursue our research and to learn.

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An Interface For Inbound Traffic Route Planning, Ewout S. Van Dijk, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Max Mulder, Mariska I. Roerdink Jan 2009

An Interface For Inbound Traffic Route Planning, Ewout S. Van Dijk, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Max Mulder, Mariska I. Roerdink

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

It is expected that, with increasing automation, the emphasis in the air traffic controllers’ work will shift from tactical control towards supervision and planning of aircraft trajectories. To support this work, a planning interface for area controllers has been developed. The interface uses a normal Plan View Display (PVD) supplemented with a Time-Space Diagram (TSD), that visualizes the travel of the incoming aircraft across their planned track. With the constraints on speed and timing as given in the TSD, the interface permits direct manipulation of the arrival time within these constraints. Using a simulation of air traffic, the interface was …

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The Effect Of Video Weather Training Products On General Aviation Pilots’ Flight Behavior, William Knecht, Jerry Ball Jan 2009

The Effect Of Video Weather Training Products On General Aviation Pilots’ Flight Behavior, William Knecht, Jerry Ball

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study examined the effect of video weather training products on general aviation (GA) pilot flight behavior. Fifty pilots participated. Training products were two popular GA weather training videos, plus a non-weather video as control. Pilots watched one video. Then, in the CAMI flight simulator, they flew a challenging 1.5-h visual flight rules (VFR) mission. Along the route, terrain rose slowly, with cloud bases squeezing pilots between ground and clouds. The control group penetrated significantly farther into the deteriorating weather. Otherwise, no significant safety differences were observed for time spent in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), time scud running, or time …

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Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis Of Atc Aircraft Merging Tasks, Patrick Hermes, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Hans Huisman, J.H.L. (Harjan) Boering Jan 2009

Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis Of Atc Aircraft Merging Tasks, Patrick Hermes, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Hans Huisman, J.H.L. (Harjan) Boering

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Air traffic controller workload is considered to be a limiting factor in the growth of air traffic. In this paper a new method of assessing controller task demand load will be developed and tested. Based on the hypothesis that workload is primarily caused by the complexity of the task to be conducted, the concept of the “solution space” is described. For any particular air traffic control problem, the solution space describes the constraints in the environment that limit (and therefore, guide) air traffic controller decisions and actions. The complexity of that particular control problem can then be analyzed by considering …

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The Effect Of Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Safety, Andrea M. Georgiou Jan 2009

The Effect Of Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Safety, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Even with the increasing rate of technology innovation, the ultimate responsibility for the safety of a flight lies with humans. According to Boeing, human error accounts for 70% of commercial airplane accidents. This research aims to investigate the human factors that exist in aviation maintenance as well as the extent to which these factors affect safety. Utilizing the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) online accident database, the researcher reviewed accidents between 1996 through 2006 caused by maintenancerelated errors. The results indicate the top four maintenance errors with the highest number of fatalities were: a).failure to properly complete tasks, b).improper maintenance, …

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Countermeasures To Mitigate Effects Of Fatigue Among Flight Attendants: To Improve Transportation Safety And Productivity, Lori J. Brown, John Niehaus Jan 2009

Countermeasures To Mitigate Effects Of Fatigue Among Flight Attendants: To Improve Transportation Safety And Productivity, Lori J. Brown, John Niehaus

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

As airlines restructure and cut corners to make ends meet, flight attendants are experiencing a new industry trend that must be put to rest. At many carriers, flight attendants are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of poorly scheduled duty time, lengthened duty days, or flagrant company violations of schedules. Research efforts on human factors: including the effects of fatigue, sleepiness, sleep disorders and circadian rhythms—on transportation safety has become a top priority. Research has identified key findings concerning fatigue in the flight attendant occupation, where sleep deprivation and disruption of circadian rhythms are known to occur …

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Situational Awareness Assessment In Flight Simulator Experiment, Henk Van Dijk, Koen Van De Merwe, Rolf Zon Jan 2009

Situational Awareness Assessment In Flight Simulator Experiment, Henk Van Dijk, Koen Van De Merwe, Rolf Zon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Within the HILAS (Human Integration into the Lifecycle of Aviation Systems) project a flight simulator experiment was performed. The aim of the experiment was to study and select relevant Human Factors tools for pilot Situational Awareness assessment. One specific scenario was designed in which a malfunction of the aircraft was simulated: an Indicated Air Speed discrepancy. The malfunction was introduced during flight and slowly progressed over time while researchers monitored if and how pilots detected the discrepancy. Pilot behaviour was studied during the scenario; i.e. pilots’ Situational Awareness was assessed via eye trackers and rating scales.

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Implementation Issues For Uav Camera View Transition Display Aid, Nicholas Wright, Heath Ruff, Brian Mullins, Antonio Ayala, Gloria Calhoun, Mark Draper Jan 2009

Implementation Issues For Uav Camera View Transition Display Aid, Nicholas Wright, Heath Ruff, Brian Mullins, Antonio Ayala, Gloria Calhoun, Mark Draper

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

An operator supervising multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will be required to switch attention between UAVs, each potentially involving different scenario environments and task requirements. A transition aid is now under evaluation that employs synthetic vision technology to enhance an operator’s situation awareness when switching between UAVs. Instead of discretely switching from the camera view of one UAV to the camera view of another, the algorithms driving the transition automatically provide a display format that uses a “fly out, fly in” metaphor over several seconds to transition between the two camera views. This paper will describe the many parameters that …

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A Pc Based Methodology For Crm – Corporate Resource Management Practice Training, Lisia Maria Espinola Da Silva Pacheco Cabral, Selma Selma Leal De Oliveira Ribeiro, Luiz Landau, Cunha Gerson Jan 2009

A Pc Based Methodology For Crm – Corporate Resource Management Practice Training, Lisia Maria Espinola Da Silva Pacheco Cabral, Selma Selma Leal De Oliveira Ribeiro, Luiz Landau, Cunha Gerson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

On 2003, the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC – Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil) elaborated the Civil Aviation Instruction (IAC - Instrução de Aviação Civil) 060-1002A, reviewed on 2005, about the CRM Training, based on the AC – Advisor Circular 120-51 A-E of FAA - Federal Aviation Administration, aiming at giving a standard direction about the subject for civil aviation organizations. The purpose of the study is to use a PC Based Methodology for the CRM Training / 2nd. Phase - Recurrent Practice and Feedback, in a low cost artificial environment differently from the LOFT – Line Oriented Flight Training, …

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Training Interventions To Reduce Air Force Predator Mishaps, Robert Nullmeyer, Gregg Montijo Jan 2009

Training Interventions To Reduce Air Force Predator Mishaps, Robert Nullmeyer, Gregg Montijo

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) is expanding rapidly. In military operations, this increased use has been accompanied by relatively high mishap rates compared with rates across more mature manned aircraft. These higher rates led to multiple high-level reviews of unmanned operations, but surprisingly little consensus emerged across reports regarding root causes. To help close this gap, Air Force Predator Class A mishap reports through FY 2008 were analyzed in detail. Mishap rates, counts, and causal factors appeared to shift systematically over time, with an increase in mishap reports citing shortfalls in several skill and knowledge areas in FY …

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Contribution Of High-Frequency Eeg Features To Physiogicallybased Operator Workload Estimation, Jason W. Monnin, Justin R. Estepp Jan 2009

Contribution Of High-Frequency Eeg Features To Physiogicallybased Operator Workload Estimation, Jason W. Monnin, Justin R. Estepp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Physiologically-based cognitive workload assessment can discriminate changing levels of operator functional state in complex task environments. In this paradigm, electroencephalography (EEG) is a commonly used physiological measure. Spectral power in clinical frequency bands is used to derive features to train an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier to recognize changes in cognitive workload. Recent research has suggested that power in high frequency bands may be influenced by electromyographic artifact. In a previous study, nineteen channels of EEG were recorded (from 10 participants) during a complex uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) control simulation in which task difficulty was manipulated to induce changes in …

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The 787 Vertical Situation Display Human Factors Evaluation Enhancements To Flight Path Awareness, Jason Hammack, Julianne Fox Cummings, Jean Crane Jan 2009

The 787 Vertical Situation Display Human Factors Evaluation Enhancements To Flight Path Awareness, Jason Hammack, Julianne Fox Cummings, Jean Crane

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A two-phased focused evaluation was run to validate the design implementation of the 787 Vertical Situation Display (VSD), using static and dynamic scenarios in a prototype flight deck. Pilot feedback and pilot questionnaire data were recorded and videotaped for analysis. The validation testing results suggest that overall an effective implementation has been designed. There was one area where issues were found that necessitated requirement changes. The mode transition logic (during takeoff) was redesigned and additional validation testing was conducted to ensure acceptability.

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Automation Dependency Under Time Pressure, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Gayle Hunt, David Trafimow Jan 2009

Automation Dependency Under Time Pressure, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Gayle Hunt, David Trafimow

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Previous research has identified many factors that affect human dependence on automated systems. Some of these factors include automation reliability, types of errors, and training. This study introduces a new factor, time pressure, which is directly related to operator dependence on automated aids. Participants were asked to perform a simulated UAV target-detection task with the aid of diagnostic automation. Two factors were manipulated in this study: reliability of the automation and time pressure. The results indicate that participants faced with time pressure were more likely to depend on the automation than participants who had more time to evaluate the recommendations. …

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Speech Synthesis For Data Link: A Study Of Overall Quality And Comprehension Effort, Martine Godfroy, Durand R. Begault, Elizabeth M. Wenzel Jan 2009

Speech Synthesis For Data Link: A Study Of Overall Quality And Comprehension Effort, Martine Godfroy, Durand R. Begault, Elizabeth M. Wenzel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study investigated subjective preference for synthesized “spoken data link” messages to provide initial design guidance for communication displays in the context of NextGen (Next Generation Air Transport System) operations. Ratings of Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were obtained as a function of voice type, synthesized speech rate, and sentence prosody. Rank-order data analyses showed that both Overall Quality and Comprehension Effort were affected by speech rate: under the “Fast Rate” condition (vs. “Default Rate”), Overall Quality decreases and Comprehension Effort increases. However, the introduction of “Prosodic Emphasis” (pitch and level changes for specific phrases) in Fast Rate sentences produced …

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Ecological Synthetic Vision Display To Support Pilot Terrain Awareness, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen Jan 2009

Ecological Synthetic Vision Display To Support Pilot Terrain Awareness, C. Borst, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A Synthetic Vision Display is generally believed to support pilot terrain awareness. Many studies have shown, however, that perspective views are biased, which can cause pilots to make judgment errors regarding the relative location, height, and ultimately the avoidance of terrain obstacles. Therefore, this system is usually backed by terrain avoidance systems that provide explicit resolutions to circumvent conflicts. They are, however, far from optimal regarding terrain awareness as they fail to present the rationale of the automation. This paper presents an extension to a Synthetic Vision Display that promotes pilot terrain awareness by means of overlays that reveal the …

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