Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Human Service Student's Preparedness For Assessing Suicidality: Recommendations For Human Services Education, Narketta Sparkman-Key, Jeffrey Moe, Bianca Augustine, T'Airra Belcher

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

Suicide continues to be a public health concern, with suicide rates increasing. Human service professionals are among the helping professions tasked with assessing and addressing suicidality. Despite the well-documented benefits of suicide assessment and training for those within the helping professions, there remains a dearth of literature specific to suicide prevention in the preparation of human services students. To address this gap, the current study used the SIRI-2 to assess the preparedness of human services students (n = 98) to assess and address client suicidality. Findings indicated that participants’ responses were less competent than area experts. Furthermore, student participants’ responses …

Modeling Suicidality With Multimodal Impulsivity Characterization In Participants With Mental Health Disorder, Nidal Moukaddam, Bishal Lamichhane, Ramiro Salas, Wayne Goodman, Ashutosh Sabharwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death across different age groups. The persistence of suicidal ideation and the progression of suicidal ideations to action could be related to impulsivity, the tendency to act on urges with low temporal latency, and little forethought. Quantifying impulsivity could thus help suicidality estimation and risk assessments in ideation-to-action suicidality frameworks.

METHODS: To model suicidality with impulsivity quantification, we obtained questionnaires, behavioral tests, heart rate variability (HRV), and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements from 34 participants with mood disorders. The participants were categorized into three suicidality groups based on their …

Understanding Suicide And Its Prevention In The Indian Context: Mental Health Perspective, Dushad Ram, Akash Mathew, Muath A Alammar

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

In India, suicide research has largely concentrated on the prevalence, method, psychological, and demographic risk factors. Suicide processes, paradigms, prevention strategies, and other features of suicide that are common in the West may not be applicable in India. It is vital to study potential underlying processes, various suicide prevention methods, and suicide prevention in general, as well as what more work has to be done in the Indian context. Suicide, on the other hand, is a cross-sectoral public health issue that demands collaboration across all key sectors, and its prevention should engage all stakeholders in India.

Patterns Of Suicide And Self-Harm In Pakistan: A Retrospective Descriptive Study Protocol, Nargis Asad, Shahina Pirani, Summaiya Tariq, Asra Qureshi, Mohammad Zaman, Mustafa Aslam, Farhat Mirza, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Introduction: Suicide is a major global public health problem. Low-income and middle-income countries contribute 78% of all suicidal deaths. Pakistan, a South Asian country, lacks official statistics on suicides at national level. Statistics on suicide are neither collected nationally nor published in the annual national morbidity and mortality surveys. Medicolegal reports on suicides and self-harm are extremely rich and important source of information but greatly underused in Pakistan. We aim to examine the patterns of suicides and self-harm retrospectively in patients who were registered with medicolegal centres (MLCs) in Karachi, during the period January 2017 to December 2021.
Methods and …

Systematic Suicide Screening In A General Hospital Setting: Process And Updated Results 10-Year Data Review, Evan Becker, Sarah Williams, Udema Millsaps, Andres Pumariega, Kolin Good, Eduardo Espiridion

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Genetics And Epigenetics Of Self-Injurious Thoughts And Behaviors: Systematic Review Of The Suicide Literature And Methodological Considerations, Salahudeen Mirza, Anna R Docherty, Amanda Bakian, Hilary Coon, Jair C Soares, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Gabriel R Fries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Suicide is a multifaceted and poorly understood clinical outcome, and there is an urgent need to advance research on its phenomenology and etiology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that suicidal behavior is heritable, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic information may serve as biomarkers for suicide risk. Here we systematically review the literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in phenotypes across the full range of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). We included 577 studies focused on genome-wide and epigenome-wide associations, candidate genes (SNP and methylation), noncoding RNAs, and histones. Convergence of specific genes is limited across units of analysis, although pathway-based …

Suicide Numbers During The First 9-15 Months Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Compared With Pre-Existing Trends: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis In 33 Countries, Jane Pirkis, David Gunnell, Sangsoo Shin, Marcos Del Pozo-Banos, Vikas Arya, Pablo Analuisa Aguilar, Louis Appleby, S. M. Yasir Arafat, Ella Arensman, Murad Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally.
Methods: We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the …

Screening For Suicide Risk In The Outpatient Electroconvulsive Therapy Population, Cerah Nagata

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

TITLE: Screening for suicide risk in the outpatient electroconvulsive therapy population

BACKGROUND: Reducing risk for suicide continues to be a national hospital patient safety goal. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States and suicide rates have increased 33% in the last decade. It has been found that 83% of those who die by suicide received healthcare services in their last year of life, thus healthcare providers are uniquely suited to play a role in identifying suicidality. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is a validated tool developed by Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, and the …

Does Insomnia Increase The Risk Of Suicide In Hospitalized Patients With Major Depressive Disorder? A Nationwide Inpatient Analysis From 2006 To 2015, Zeeshan Mansuri, Abhishek Reddy, Ramu Vadukapuram, Mounica Thootkur, Chintan Trivedi

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction. nsomnia is an important symptom associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, it is one of the risk factors for suicide. Studies have shown the relationship be-tween insomnia and suicidal behavior in patients with MDD. However, this association has not been evaluated in a large sample of hospitalized patients.

Objectives. To evaluate the suicidal be-havior in MDD patients with insomnia compared to those without insomnia.

Methods. From the National Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006–2015) database using the ICD-9 code, patients’ data were obtained with the primary diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnosis of insomnia disorders (MDD+I). These patients were …

The Protective Potential Of Family Relationship Strength As It Relates To Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors In Ace-Exposed Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Collin Wright

Student Works

Introduction: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to cause higher incidences of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors (STBs) in young people. Family Relationship Strength (FRS) is a known protective factor against STBs. However, there is little research on the protective nature of FRS once ACEs have been experienced by a young person. The aim of our analysis is to examine whether the strong protective nature of FRS holds true even in ACE-exposed youth. Methods: A sample of 139 patients at the Brigham Young University Comprehensive Clinic (aged 12-25) was obtained from the BYU Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network. Linear …

Impact Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy On Military Suicide Rates, Madison Lett, Jamia Bird

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Suicide has been labeled a serious public health dilemma in the United States. Military personnel have suicide rates greater than non-military individuals. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been used as a means to help military personnel to overcome suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on military patients’ mental health and how it affects the rate of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and deaths by suicide in military patients.

Methodology: This study utilized a literature review and a semi-structured interview with a Veteran Affairs social worker. …

A Novel Approach To Link Genetics And Human Mri Identifies Akap7-Dependent Subicular/Prefrontal Functional Connectivity As Altered In Suicidality, Guillermo Poblete, Tien Nguyen, Savannah Gosnell, Olutayo Sofela, Michelle Patriquin, Sanjay J Mathew, Alan Swann, David A Nielsen, Thomas R Kosten, Ramiro Salas

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: Brain imaging and genetics are fields acquiring data at increasing speed, but more information does not always result in a better understanding of the underlying biology. We developed the ProcessGeneLists (PGL) approach to use genetics and mRNA gene expression data to generate regions of interest for imaging studies.

Methods: We applied PGL to past suicide attempt (ATT): We averaged the mRNA expression levels of genes (n = 130) possibly associated with ATT (p ≤ 10-3 in a published genome-wide association study, GWAS) in each brain region studied in the Human Allen Brain Atlas (6 ex-vivo brains, 158 to 946 …

Psychological Autopsy Study And Risk Factors For Suicide In Muslim Countries, S M Yasir Arafat, Murad M. Khan, Vikas Menon, Syeda Ayat-E-Zainab Ali, Mohsen Rezaeian, Sheikh Shoib

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Suicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim-majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually.
Objectives: We aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim-majority countries.
Methods: We did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term "psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries." We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included.
Results: Out …

Underreporting On The Mmpi-2-Rf Extends To Extra-Test Measures Of Suicide Risk, Lauren R Khazem, Katrina A Rufino, Megan L Rogers, Austin J Gallyer, Thomas E Joiner, Joye C Anestis

Staff and Researcher Publications

Detection of under-reporting in suicide risk assessment remains a significant concern in clinical practice. The aim of this research is to examine whether under-reporting based on elevated MMPI-2-RF K-r and L-r scale scores may aid in identifying patients with suppressed scores on SUI and extra-test measures of suicide risk. We anticipated that, in voluntarily admitted psychiatric inpatients (N=1,011) and individuals receiving outpatient services in a university-affiliated psychology clinic (N=521), those indicated as under-reporting would produce lower mean scores across SUI and extra-test measures of suicide risk, and that the magnitudes of the associations between SUI and …

Medical Schools Ignore The Nature Of Consciousness At Great Cost, Anoop Kumar

Journal of Wellness

The essential question of the relationship between consciousness and matter is ignored in medical school curricula, leading to a machine-like view of the human being that contributes to physician burnout and intellectual dissatisfaction. The evidence suggesting that the brain may not be the seat of consciousness is generally ignored to preserve the worldview of the primacy of matter. By investigating new frameworks detailing the nature of consciousness at different levels of hierarchy, we can bring intellectual rigor to a once opaque subject that supports a fundamental reality about our experience: We are human beings, not only human bodies.

Toxoplasma Gondii, Suicidal Behavior, And Intermediate Phenotypes For Suicidal Behavior, Teodor T. Postolache, Abhishek Wadhawan, Dan Rujescu, Andrew J. Hoisington, Aline Dagdag, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Christopher A. Lowry, Olaoluwa O. Okusaga, Lisa A. Brenner

Faculty Publications

Within the general literature on infections and suicidal behavior, studies on Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) occupy a central position. This is related to the parasite's neurotropism, high prevalence of chronic infection, as well as specific and non-specific behavioral alterations in rodents that lead to increased risk taking, which are recapitulated in humans by T. gondii's associations with suicidal behavior, as well as trait impulsivity and aggression, mental illness and traffic accidents. This paper is a detailed review of the associations between T. gondii serology and suicidal behavior, a field of study that started 15 years ago with our …

Characterization Of Time-Variant And Time-Invariant Assessment Of Suicidality On Reddit Using C-Ssrs, Manas Gaur, Vamsi Aribandi, Amanuel Alambo, Ugur Kursuncu, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Jonathan Beich, Jyotishman Pathak, Amit Sheth

Publications

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S (1999-2019). However, predicting when someone will attempt suicide has been nearly impossible. In the modern world, many individuals suffering from mental illness seek emotional support and advice on well-known and easily-accessible social media platforms such as Reddit. While prior artificial intelligence research has demonstrated the ability to extract valuable information from social media on suicidal thoughts and behaviors, these efforts have not considered both severity and temporality of risk. The insights made possible by access to such data have enormous clinical potential - most dramatically envisioned as a trigger …

Reducing Patient Risk For Suicidal Behaviors With A Safety Bundle Of Best Practices With Non-Psychiatric Patients, Olayemi Akindele

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Suicide is a public health condition that affects people globally. The increased suicidal behaviors of patients in a medical-surgical unit demanded an effective screening protocol to identify high-risk patients.

PICOT: In patients 18 years and older on a medical-surgical unit, does the implementation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) tool and application of a Safety Bundle of Best Practices (SBBP) increase early identification of suicide risk with decreased patient self-harm behaviors, compared to the current standard practice of no assessment tool or safety bundle of best practices within 12 weeks?

Evidence: Ten studies served as evidence …

Sexual Violence And Suicide In Bangladesh, S M Yasir Arafat, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors For Suicide In Bangladesh: Case-Control Psychological Autopsy Study, S M Yasir Arafat, M A. Mohit, Mohammad S I. Mullick, Russell Kabir, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Suicide is an important, understudied public health problem in Bangladesh, where risk factors for suicide have not been investigated by case-control psychological autopsy study.
Aims: To identify the major risk factors for suicide in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: We designed a matched case-control psychological autopsy study. We conducted a semi-structured interview with the next-of-kin of 100 individuals who died by suicide and 100 living controls, matched for age, gender and area of residence. The study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020.
Results: The odds ratios for the risk factors were 15.33 (95% CI, 4.76-49.30) for the presence of …

The Moderating Role Of Psychological Inflexibility In The Relationship Between Minority Stress, Substance Misuse, And Suicidality In Lgb+ Adolescents, Sean N. Weeks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Adolescence is a difficult time, especially for those who do not identify as heterosexual (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, asexual, pansexual; LGB+). Increased rates of substance abuse and suicidality are well documented outcomes that tend to be worse in the LGB+ adolescent community than in mainstream groups. Minority stress, the effect of unique stressors experienced by those in the LGB+ community explained by external and societal influences, has been accepted within the research community as a theory used to explain the health disparities seen in this group. This study proposed a possible further explanation, in addition to minority stress, that helps …

Association Of Tph1 And Serotonin Transporter Genotypes With Treatment Response For Suicidal Ideation: A Preliminary Study, David A Nielsen, Huiqiong Deng, Michelle A Patriquin, Mark J Harding, John Oldham, Ramiro Salas, J Christopher Fowler, B Christopher Frueh

Staff and Researcher Publications

Variants in three genes coding for components of the serotonergic system, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) rs1799913, serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) 5-HTTLPR, and serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) rs6311, were evaluated for association with suicidal ideation (SI) and with recovery from SI in a psychiatric inpatient population. Five hundred and eighty-two adult inpatients, including 390 patients who had SI, collected from December 2012 to April 2016 were assessed. SI recovery, calculated as change in SI between the first two-week period after admission and weeks 5 and 6, was appraised for association with the three variants. In this preliminary study, both TPH1 and …

Peer Intervention With Suicidal Disclosures On Social Media: Does The Bystander Effect Play A Role?, Carissa M. Orlando

Theses and Dissertations

Suicide is an increasing public health concern in adolescents and young adults, and many individuals discuss mental health concerns with friends in lieu of professional avenues. Thus, peers can serve as valuable gatekeepers for friends experiencing suicidality. The prevalence of social networking websites means that individuals are likely to encounter suicidal disclosures on the internet, but little research has investigated if young adults possess the skills and motivation to intervene in these contexts. Additionally, there have been virtually no investigations into how the presence of other online users impacts intervention behavior—in short, if there exists a bystander effect. This study …

Bastards' Road, William L. Blizek

Journal of Religion & Film

This is a film review of Bastards' Row (2019) directed by Brian Morrison.

Genome-Wide Dna Methylation Meta-Analysis In The Brains Of Suicide Completers, Stefania Policicchio, Sam Washer, Joana Viana, Artemis Iatrou, Joe Burrage, Eilis Hannon, Gustavo Tureki, Zachary Kaminsky, Jonathan Mill, Emma L. Dempster, Therese Murphy

Articles

Suicide is the second leading cause of death globally among young people representing a significant global health burden. Although the molecular correlates of suicide remains poorly understood, it has been hypothesised that epigenomic processes may play a role. The objective of this study was to identify suicide-associated DNA methylation changes in the human brain by utilising previously published and unpublished methylomic datasets. We analysed prefrontal cortex (PFC, n = 211) and cerebellum (CER, n = 114) DNA methylation profiles from suicide completers and non-psychiatric, sudden-death controls, meta-analysing data from independent cohorts for each brain region separately. We report evidence for …

Subanesthetic Iv Ketamine Reduces Acute Suicidal Ideation In Patients With Mood Disorders, Kimberly Jenko, Jack Anzilotti

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Background. Depression and suicide are common in the United States and present a significant problem in the healthcare landscape. Currently, there are few options that can rapidly reduce suicidal ideation in patients with depression. Ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce acute suicidality in patients with depression. Previous studies have a reduction of suicidal ideation compared to saline placebo, but few studies have shown a significant effect compared to a similar psychoactive drug such as midazolam.

Method. A search of PubMed and PsychNET was performed in September 2018 using the terms “ketamine,” “suicide,” …

Masculinity And Suicidal Desire In A Community Sample Of Homeless Men: Bringing Together Masculinity And The Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide, Matthew C. Genuchi

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Men’s high suicide death rates are likely associated with a range of factors, notably men’s conformity to predominant masculine gender role norms and men’s gender-related attitudes toward suicide death based on those norms. The purpose of this study was to investigate how two models integrating men’s conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness predict the existence and severity of suicidal ideation in a sample of men at high risk for suicide, homeless men. The study results indicated that multiple norms were predictive of the existence or severity of suicidal ideation while perceived burdensomeness predicted both …

A Letter To My Departed Niece, * Anonymous *

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The following piece was written in the weeks following the death of the author’s niece. It is an attempt to explore how we as a society handle health crises differently for medical versus mental health diagnoses.

Trajectories Of Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance Across Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment Predict Clinical Outcome In Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder And Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Elizabeth M Hartwig, Katrina A Rufino, Cara A Palmer, Christopher Shepard, Candice A Alfano, Bella Schanzer, Sanjay J Mathew, Michelle A Patriquin

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: As there has been a demonstrated link between sleep disturbance and suicide, the present study investigated the relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance during inpatient psychiatric treatment and clinical outcomes at discharge and six months post-discharge.

Methods: Participants were 2,970 adults receiving care in a long-term inpatient psychiatric hospital. Greater than 90% of inpatients reported at least mild sleep disturbance throughout treatment. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to determine patterns of sleep disturbance changes over time.

Results: Participants fit into distinct categories based on their trajectories of sleep problems across treatment: No Sleep Problems (10.3% of participants, no sleep problems …

Contextual Factors Associated With County-Level Suicide Rates In The United States, 1999 To 2016, Danielle L. Steelsmith, Cynthia A. Fontanella, John V. Campo, Jefferey A. Bridge, Keith L. Warren, Elisabeth D. Root

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Importance Understanding geographic and community-level factors associated with suicide can inform targeted suicide prevention efforts.

Objectives To estimate suicide rates and trajectories, assess associated county-level contextual factors, and explore variation across the rural-urban continuum.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included all individuals aged 25 to 64 years who died by suicide from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2016, in the United States. Spatial analysis was used to map excess risk of suicide, and longitudinal random-effects models using negative binomial regression tested associations of contextual variables with suicide rates as well as interactions among county-level contextual variables. Data …