Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Super Placebos: A Feasibility Study Combining Contextual Factors To Promote Placebo Effects, Jay A. Olson, Michael Lifshitz, Amir Raz, Samuel P. L. Veissière

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Ample evidence demonstrates that placebo effects are modulated by contextual factors. Few interventions, however, attempt to combine a broad range of these factors. Here, we explore the therapeutic power of placebos by leveraging factors including social proof, positive suggestion, and social learning. This study aimed to test the feasibility of an elaborate “super placebo” intervention to reduce symptoms of various disorders in a pediatric population.

Methods: In a single-arm qualitative study, participants entered an inactive MRI scanner which they were told could help their brain heal itself through the power of suggestion. The sample included 11 children (6–13 years …

Experience Beyond The Imaginary: Reading Freud’S “Elisabeth Von R.” With Lacan’S “The Mirror Stage”, Jeffrey Mccurry

Middle Voices

While many read Lacan as a structuralist who sought to overthrow the authority of first-person conscious experience, his work also has resonances and affinities with a broadly phenomenological approach to psychoanalysis. This connection comes into focus when we bring Lacan’s concept of the imaginary stage into dialogue with Freud’s early work on hysteria. Lacan implied that the imaginary stage, while necessary for human development, nevertheless frustrates a significant dimension of being human, viz. the human being’s internally conflictual and contradictory experience that calls into question the very idea of a unified self or subject. When we read the early Freud’s …

The Masochian Woman: A Fantasy Of Male Desire?, Jennifer Komorowski Ms.

Middle Voices

The Masochian woman is a figure who stages what is at stake for women when desire and the law come together. This requires an examination of the conflict that exists between the idea that women’s masochism is the fantasy of men and the truth about who wields power in the masochistic theatre. Thus, the inquiry into women’s masochism means following Jacques Lacan’s conception of women’s masochism in Anxiety, which describes it as holding a “completely different meaning, a fairly ironic meaning, and a completely different scope” from the pervert’s masochism or moral masochism (Lacan, 2016, p.190). Beginning with a critical …

Jacques Lacan’S "Signification Of The Phallus" And The Photography Of Robert Mapplethorpe, D. Michael Jones

Middle Voices

The recent exhibit of Robert Mapplethorpe’s work, “Implicit Tension” (January 25–July 10, 2019), at the Guggenheim, explores the artist’s obsession with the magical, the demonic, and the unveiled phallus. It is Mapplethorpe’s artistic obsessions, personified in the photographs of the X, Y, and Z Portfolios, as well as the deeply homophobic response his photography, even his name, evoke twenty years after his death, that make this recent exhibit an ideal space to reencounter key concepts from Jacques Lacan’s “Signification of the Phallus” in Écrits. For as Lacan (2002) points out “the phallus is the signifier of this very Aufhebung [sublation], …

Signifiers Still Matter: The Relevance Of "On An Ex Post Facto Syllabary" For Therapy Today, Yael Goldman Baldwin

Middle Voices

No abstract provided.

Deep-Learning-Based Multivariate Pattern Analysis (Dmvpa): A Tutorial And A Toolbox, Karl M. Kuntzelman, Jacob M. Williams, Phui Cheng Lim, Ashtok Samal, Prahalada K. Rao, Matthew R. Johnson

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

In recent years, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) has been hugely beneficial for cognitive neuroscience by making new experiment designs possible and by increasing the inferential power of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and other neuroimaging methodologies. In a similar time frame, “deep learning” (a term for the use of artificial neural networks with convolutional, recurrent, or similarly sophisticated architectures) has produced a parallel revolution in the field of machine learning and has been employed across a wide variety of applications. Traditional MVPA also uses a form of machine learning, but most commonly with much simpler techniques based on …

Evidence-Based Use Of Cognitive Testing For Academic Interventions: A Critical Appraisal Of Meta-Analytic Methodologies, Scott L. Decker, Jessica C. Luedke

Faculty Publications

Research suggests Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) are directly linked to specific neurocognitive deficits that result in unexpected learning delays in academic domains for children in schools. However, meta-analytic studies have failed to find supporting evidence for using neurocognitive tests and, consequently, have discouraged their inclusion in SLD identification policies. The current study critically reviews meta-analytic findings and the methodological validity of over 200 research studies used in previous meta-analytic studies to estimate the causal effect of neurocognitive tests on intervention outcomes. Results suggest that only a very small percentage (6–12%) of studies used in previous meta-analytic studies were methodologically valid …

A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Of The Comparison Question Polygraph Test, Charles R. Honts, Steven Thurber, Mark Handler

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We conducted a meta‐analysis on the most commonly used forensic polygraph test, the Comparison Question Test. We captured as many studies as possible by using broad inclusion criteria. Data and potential moderators were coded from 138 datasets. The meta‐analytic effect size including inconclusive outcomes was 0.69 [0.66, 0.79]. We found significant moderator effects. Notably, level of motivation had a positive linear relationship with our outcome measures. Information Gain analysis of CQT outcomes representing the median accuracy showed a significant information increase over interpersonal deception detection across almost the complete range of base rates. Our results suggest that the CQT can …

Exploring Attentional And Emotional Biases As A Function Of Trauma And Dissociation Symptomology, Claudia Clinchard

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There is evidence that threatening facial expressions (e.g., angry faces) direct attention toward the target, and that for facial expressions that are less threatening but still convey negative valence (e.g., fear faces) direct attention outward and to one’s environment, therefore causing a shift in memory performance and attentional bias depending on the level of threat in emotional facial expressions presented. Extant literature provides evidence for attentional biases both towards and away from threat in those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. The current study aimed to replicate the previous findings of the effects stimulus and emotion have on memory performance …

Mental Health Disorders Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction In The United States, Jayakumar Sreenivasan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Safi U Khan, Urvashi Hooda, Wilbert S Aronow, Julio A Panza, Glenn N Levine, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Roger S Blumenthal, Erin D Michos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, temporal trends and sex- and racial/ethnic differences in the burden of mental health disorders (MHD) and outcomes among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in the United States.

METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample Database, we evaluated a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for acute MI in the United States over 10 years period from 2008 to 2017. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis for in-hospital outcomes, yearly trends and estimated annual percent change (APC) in odds of MHD among MI patients.

RESULTS: We included a total sample of 6,117,804 hospitalizations for MI (ST elevation MI …

A Quantitative Exploration Of The Relationships Between Regular Yoga Practice, Microdosing Psychedelics, Wellbeing And Personality Variables, Stephen Bright, Eyal Gringart, Emily Blatchford, Samantha Bettinson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective:

The current study aimed to explore whether the subjective effects of microdosing psychedelics are comparable to those of yoga in relation to psychological wellbeing, depression, anxiety and stress. It also explored the relationship between yoga, microdosing and personality.

Method:

The sample comprised 339 participants, yoga (n = 131), microdose (n = 69), microdose and yoga (n = 54) and control (n = 85). All completed measures of personality (M5-50 and Tellegen Absorption Scale), mood (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) and wellbeing (Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing).

Results:

The yoga and microdosing groups scored significantly higher on psychological wellbeing and …

The Effect Of Melatonin On Quality Of Sleep In Patients With Sleep Disturbance Admitted To Post Coronary Care Units: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mohammad Zaman Kamkar, Mehran Mahyar, Seyedmahrokh A Maddah, Homeira Khoddam, Mahnaz Modanloo

BioMedicine

Background and Objectives: Patients with cardiovascular disease who required to be admitted in coronary care units (CCU) would have sleep deprivation. During the admission, some factors such as continuous ambient light exposure can suppress melatonin release, in consequence sleep deprivation will be occurred and hinder the progress of patients' treatment. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the sleep quality of patients admitted to post-CCU.

Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 110 patients admitted to post-CCU at SayyadeShirazi Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. Patients with a poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh …

Rural Residents' Perspectives On An Mhealth Or Personalized Health Coaching Intervention: Qualitative Study With Focus Groups And Key Informant Interviews, Nancy Schoenberg, Madeline Dunfee, Hannah Yeager, Matthew Rutledge, Angela Pfammatter, Bonnie Spring

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Compared with national averages, rural Appalachians experience extremely elevated rates of premature morbidity and mortality. New opportunities, including approaches incorporating personal technology, may help improve lifestyles and overcome health inequities.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to gather perspectives on whether a healthy lifestyle intervention, specifically an app originally designed for urban users, may be feasible and acceptable to rural residents. In addition to a smartphone app, this program-Make Better Choices 2-consists of personalized health coaching, accelerometer use, and financial incentives.

METHODS: We convened 4 focus groups and 16 key informant interviews with diverse community stakeholders to assess perspectives on this …

Assessing Civility At An Academic Health Science Center: Implications For Employee Satisfaction And Well-Being., Lisa A Campbell, Jenna R Lafreniere, Mhd Hasan Almekdash, David D Perlmutter, Huaxin Song, Patricia J Kelly, Rohali Keesari, Kay Leigh Shannon

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

Incivilities are pervasive among workers in healthcare institutions. Previously identified effects include deterioration of employee physical and mental health, absenteeism, burnout, and turnover, as well as reduced patient safety and quality of care. This study documented factors related to organizational civility at an academic health sciences center (AHSC) as the basis for future intervention work. We used a cross-sectional research design to conduct an online survey at four of five campuses of an AHSC. Using the Organizational Civility Scale (OCS), we assessed differences across gender, race (White and non-White) and job type (faculty or staff) in the eleven subscales (frequency …

Oxytocin, Cortisol, And Cognitive Control During Acute And Naturalistic Stress, Shari Young Kuchenbecker, Sarah D. Pressman, Jared Celniker, Karen M. Grewen, Ken D. Sumida, Naveen Jonathan, Brendan Everett, George M. Slavich

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Although stress is a strong risk factor for poor health, especially for women, it remains unclear how stress affects the key neurohormones cortisol and oxytocin, which influence stress-related risk and resilience. Whereas cortisol mediates energy mobilization during stress, oxytocin has anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects that support social connection and survival across the lifespan. However, how these neurohormones interrelate and are associated with cognitive control of emotional information during stress remains unclear. To address these issues, we recruited 37 college-aged women (M_age = 19.19, SD = 1.58) and randomly assigned each to a one-hour experimental session consisting of …

Aberrant Maturation Of The Uncinate Fasciculus Follows Exposure To Unpredictable Patterns Of Maternal Signals, Steven J. Granger, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Steven L. Small, Andre Obenaus, David B. Keator, Tallie Z. Baram, Hal S. Stern, Michael A. Yassa, Elyssia Poggi Davis

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Across species, unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior are emerging as novel predictors of aberrant cognitive and emotional outcomes later in life. In animal models, exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior alters brain circuit maturation and cognitive and emotional outcomes. However, whether exposure to such signals in humans alters the development of brain pathways is unknown. In mother–child dyads, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to more unpredictable maternal signals in infancy is associated with aberrant maturation of corticolimbic pathways. We focused on the uncinate fasciculus, the primary fiber bundle connecting the amygdala to the orbitofrontal cortex and a key …

Assessment Of Major Depressive Disorders Through Neuroimaging Studies And Their Treatment Methods, Jevetha Vijayadasan, Diksha Raghunathan, Sivakumar Rajagopal, Rahul Soangra

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Many mental disorders are caused due to improper regulation of the brain and depression is one such. It affects both children and adults and is very common among teenagers. There are many challenges clinicians face regarding the management of this disease. These challenges have prompted the development of various neuroimaging techniques that effectively diagnose the condition. The main techniques are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) which have gained momentum over the years. Advanced MRI techniques help study certain regions of the brain such as hippocampus and amygdala. Effective treatments for depression include antidepressant medications and brain …

Beauty That Moves: Dance For Parkinson’S Effects On Affect, Self-Efficacy, Gait Symmetry, And Dual Task Performance, Cecilia Fontanesi, Joseph F. X. Desouza

Publications and Research

Background: Previous studies have investigated the effects of dance interventions on Parkinson’s motor and non-motor symptoms in an effort to develop an integrated view of dance as a therapeutic intervention. This within-subject study questions whether dance can be simply considered a form of exercise by comparing a Dance for Parkinson’s class with a matched-intensity exercise session lacking dance elements like music, metaphorical language, and social reality of art-partaking.

Methods: In this repeated-measure design, 7 adults with Parkinson’s were tested four times; (i) before and (ii) after a Dance for Parkinson’s class, as well as (iii) before and (iv) after a …

Adaptation Of A Standard Extended-Release Naltrexone (Xr-Ntx) Protocol For Rural Re-Entering Offenders With Oud, Michele Staton, Hannah K. Knudsen, Sharon L. Walsh, Carrie B. Oser, Erika Pike, Michelle R. Lofwall

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of empirical support for the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) to reduce opioid relapse among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) transitioning from a correctional facility to the community, continuity of care following release remains challenging. This paper describes a research-based adaptation of a state's standard of care XR-NTX protocol using the ADAPT-ITT framework for delivery in a non-traditional, non-treatment, community criminal justice setting (P&P office), as well as the expansion of services by a local Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) provider who would, for the first time, be going to the jail and P&P …

Learning Without Contingencies Induces Higher Order Asynchrony In Brain Networks In Schizophrenia, Elizabeth L. Martin, Asadur Chowdury, Vaibhav Diwadkar, Sazid Hasan, Munajj Ul-Huq, Shahira Baajour, Dalal Khatib, Usha Rajan, Jeffrey Stanley

Medical Student Research Symposium

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by both cognitive and reward impairments. A recent study suggests that SCZ is associated with a loss of synchrony between learning and reward circuits (Robison et al., 2019) and higher levels of dis-organization of functional brain networks may underpin failures in learning that characterize SCZ (Hütt et al., 2014). Therefore, here we examined inter-group (HC ≠ SCZ) 4^th order differences in statistical regularity across a connectome of cognition and reward brain circuits. The analyses were conducted on fMRI time series data from a previous learning paradigm (Stanley et al., 2017) with periods of Encoding and …

Psychiatrist Burnout, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Renzo Bianchi

Publications and Research

We critique a paper published by Summers et al. (2020) and papers in general that, because of flawed methods, arrive at exceedingly high estimates of burnout in psychiatrists and other professionals.

Start-Play Physical Therapy Intervention Impacts Motor And Cognitive Outcomes In Infants With Neuromotor Disorders: A Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial, Regina T. Harbourne, Stacey C. Dusing, Michele A. Lobo, Sarah W. Mccoy, Natalie A. Koziol, Lin-Ya Hsu, Sandra Willett, Emily C. Marcinowski, Iryna Babik, Andrea B. Cunha, Mihee An, Hui-Ju Chang, James A. Boviard, Susan M. Sheridan

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sitting Together and Reaching to Play (START-Play) intervention in young infants with neuromotor disorders.

Method. This randomized controlled trial compared usual care early intervention (UC-EI) with START-Play plus UC-EI. Analyses included 112 infants with motor delay (55 UC-EI, 57 START-Play) recruited at 7 to 16 months of age across 5 sites. STARTPlay included twice-weekly home visits with the infant and caregiver for 12 weeks provided by physical therapists trained in the START-Play intervention; UC-EI was not disrupted. Outcome measures were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition …

Mental Health Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Parents In High-Risk, Low Income Communities, Dana Alonzo, Marciana Popescu, Pinar Zubaroglu Ioannides

Covid-19 Digital Research

COVID-19 has spread across the globe, resulting in significant changes in virtually every aspect of life. Mitigation efforts, like shelter-in-place orders, have taken a particular toll on parents who have had to navigate disruptions in work and/or school schedules. Research from high-income countries demonstrates increased parental anxiety, stress, depression, and burnout resulting from the pandemic. It is unclear if these outcomes are the same for parents in high-risk communities in low-income countries where pre-pandemic conditions were deleterious. This study addresses this gap and examines the mental health impact of the pandemic on parents in high-risk communities in Guatemala.

Role Of Oxidative Stress And Neuroinflammation Response In Pain Brain Regions After Traumatic Brain Injury, Alyssa Goodwin, Julia Malewicz, Scott Lloyd, Min Wu, Kelly Bosse, Alana Conti

Medical Student Research Symposium

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 3 million people annually, with 70-80% presenting with pain symptoms. Research has shown that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation play a role in both pain and TBI, but the roles and interaction of oxidative stress and inflammation in TBI-related pain remain unclear. The purpose of the current study is to establish molecular data supporting proposed alterations in ROS and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of TBI in pain-related brain regions and to quantify how levels of these mediators change over time. Once the time course is determined, it will allow for optimal …

Resident Heart Rate Variability During Cataract Surgery, Ahmad Baiyasi, Shibandri Das, Ferris Bayasi, Faisal Ridha Al-Timimi

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmology resident anxiousness and cardiovascular response by tracking resident heart rate (HR) when performing cataract surgery during their last year of residency.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 31 cataract cases, completed by three residents (two females and one male), at the Kresge Eye Institute in August and September 2020 was performed. Inclusion criteria for cases included all cataract cases performed by PGY-4 residents at the Kresge Eye Institute who downloaded the Heart Graph app supported by iOS. Residents with android mobile devices were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from all residents who utilized the …

Development Of A Mind Body Program For Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Patients With Comorbid Depression, Cale A. Jacobs, Ryan A. Mace, Jonathan Greenberg, Paula J. Popok, Mira Reichman, Christian Lattermann, Jessica L. Burris, Eric A. Macklin, Ana-Maria Vranceanu

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the U.S. and a leading cause of disability. Depression and obesity are highly comorbid among knee OA patients, and the combination of obesity and depression is associated with decreased physical activity, higher pain and disability, and more rapid cartilage degradation. Depression, obesity and OA exacerbate one another and share a common pathophysiology involving systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, reflecting a complex mind-body interaction. Current treatments for knee OA offer little to no benefit over placebo, and do not emphasize mind-body practices or physical activity to target the underlying pathophysiology. Mind-body …

Patterns Of Cilia Gene Dysregulations In Major Psychiatric Disorders, Wedad Alhassen, Siwei Chen, Marquis Vawter, Brianna Kay Robbins, Henry Nguyen, Thant Nyi Myint, Yumiko Saito, Anton Schulmann, Surya M. Nauli, Olivier Civelli, Pierre Baldi, Amal Alachkar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia function as cells' antennas to detect and transduce external stimuli and play crucial roles in cell signaling and communication. The vast majority of cilia genes that are causally linked with ciliopathies are also associated with neurological deficits, such as cognitive impairments. Yet, the roles of cilia dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders have not been studied. Our aim is to identify patterns of cilia gene dysregulation in the four major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). For this purpose, we acquired differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the …

Memory-Related Frontal Brainwaves Predict Transition To Mild Cognitive Impairment In Healthy Older Individuals Five Years Before Diagnosis, Yang Jiang, Juan Li, Frederick A. Schmitt, Gregory A. Jicha, Nancy B. Munro, Xiaopeng Zhao, Charles D. Smith, Richard J. Kryscio, Erin L. Abner

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Early prognosis of high-risk older adults for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), using noninvasive and sensitive neuromarkers, is key for early prevention of Alzheimer's disease. We have developed individualized measures in electrophysiological brain signals during working memory that distinguish patients with aMCI from age-matched cognitively intact older individuals.

OBJECTIVE: Here we test longitudinally the prognosis of the baseline neuromarkers for aMCI risk. We hypothesized that the older individuals diagnosed with incident aMCI already have aMCI-like brain signatures years before diagnosis.

METHODS: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and memory performance were recorded during a working memory task at baseline. The individualized baseline neuromarkers, …

Assessment Of Stakeholder Engagement In A Down Syndrome Research Study, Jeanhee Chung, Ashwini Sarathy, Yichuan Grace Hsieh, Greg Estey, Amy Torres, Vasiliki Patsiogiannis, Karen Donelan, Brian G. Skotko

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

There is growing recognition of the importance of engaging patients early in the design of research studies. For studies involving patients with intellectual and cognitive disabilities, researchers may consider engaging with family caregivers, health professionals, community advocates, and/or subject matter experts to provide a more multifaceted, surrogate perspective. Evaluating the engagement of these stakeholder groups in research is nascent, and tools are limited. Research studies involving these individuals provide the opportunity to test new methods of measurement of stakeholder engagement in research. We conducted a 3-year research study implementing and evaluating Down Syndrome Clinic to You, an online platform for …

Associations Between Daily Affect And Sleep Vary By Sleep Assessment Type: What Can Ambulatory Eeg Add To The Picture?, Brett Messman, Danica C. Slavish, Jessica R. Dietch, Brooke N. Jenkins, Maia Ten Brink, Daniel J. Taylor

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective/Background

Disrupted sleep can be a cause and a consequence of affective experiences. However, daily longitudinal studies show sleep assessed via sleep diaries is more consistently associated with positive and negative affect than sleep assessed via actigraphy. The objective of the study was to test whether sleep parameters derived from ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) in a naturalistic setting were associated with day-to-day changes in affect.

Participants/Method

Eighty adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) completed 7 days of affect and sleep assessments. We examined bidirectional associations between morning positive affect and negative affect with sleep assessed via diary, actigraphy, and …