Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Factors Affecting Mental Health Seeking Behaviors Of Law Enforcement Officers, Vincent M. Haecker

Dissertations

The intent of this study was to elicit perspectives from law enforcement counselors, clinicians, chaplains, and peer group leaders for factors affecting law enforcement officer’s (LEOs) seeking mental health assistance. The law enforcement and mental health communities have gone to great lengths to ensure assistance is available to LEOs in an effort to counter the stress and trauma associated with the policing profession. Past studies attempted to elicit LEOs attitudes on mental health services, generating mixed results and were unable to establish why available services were underutilized. This study employed a qualitative methodology to elicit perspectives on this phenomena from …

Application Of Coaching And Behavioral Skills Training During A Preschool Practicum With A College Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Summer Gunn, Tyra P. Sellers, Benjamin Lignugaris/Kraft

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

The current study looked at the effects of coaching using behavioral skills training (BST) outlined by Parsons, Rollyson, and Reid (2012). The participant was a young adult with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in a preschool practicum course as part of the early childhood special education (ECSE) licensure program at the university that she attended. Impairment in social-pragmatics and executive functioning are associated with ASD, and are critical for engaging in an evaluative and analytic process necessary for success as an ECSE teacher. Coaching, using the BST model paired with observation and immediate feedback in the practicum environment, was used …

Quantifying Cerebral Contributions To Pain Beyond Nociception, Choong-Wan Woo, Liane Schmidt, Anjali Krishnan, Marieke Jempa, Mathieu Roy, Martin A. Lindquist, Lauren Y. Atlas, Tor D. Wager

Publications and Research

Cerebral processes contribute to pain beyond the level of nociceptive input and mediate psychological and behavioural influences. However, cerebral contributions beyond nociception are not yet well characterized, leading to a predominant focus on nociception when studying pain and developing interventions. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with machine learning to develop a multivariate pattern signature—termed the stimulus intensity independent pain signature-1 (SIIPS1)—that predicts pain above and beyond nociceptive input in four training data sets (Studies 1–4, N¼137). The SIIPS1 includes patterns of activity in nucleus accumbens, lateral prefrontal and parahippocampal cortices, and other regions. In cross-validated analyses of …

Prosecutors’ Perceptions On Questioning Children About Repeated Abuse, Kim Roberts, Martine Powell, Kimberlee S. Burrows, Sonja P. Brubacher

Psychology Faculty Publications

The purpose of the present study was to elicit guidance from prosecutors across Australia on questioning children about repeated events. Two focus groups were conducted; the first sought broad feedback concerning questioning children about repeated events. The second focused more specifically on eliciting feedback about techniques for aiding children in describing specific instances of repeated events. These techniques were derived either from empirical research, best practice interview guidelines, or both. Data from both focus groups were compiled because themes were highly similar. Thematic analysis of the focus group discussions revealed three broad themes in prosecutors’ perceptions about questioning children about …

The Impact Of A Civic Service Program On Biopsychosocial Outcomes Of Post 9/11 U.S. Military Veterans, Monica M. Matthieu, Karen A. Lawrence, Emma Robertson-Blackmore

Social Work Faculty Publications

Volunteering as a health promotion intervention, improves physical health, mental health, and social outcomes particularly in older adults, yet limited research exists for veterans. We conducted a preliminary study to explore whether volunteering impacts a variety of biopsychosocial outcomes, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, among returning military veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan. A survey enrolling a prospective cohort of United States (U.S.) veterans who served in the military after 11 September 2001 and who participated in a national civic service program was conducted. A total of 346 veterans completed standardized health, mental health, and psychosocial self-report …

Stress And Child Development: A Review Of The Family Stress Model, April S. Masarik, Rand D. Conger

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the present report, we provide an illustrative review of the Family Stress Model (FSM) framework¹ to understand how family stress influences children across development in physical, social-emotional, and cognitive domains. We note that the FSM as a theory has evolved through inspection of: (a) new explanatory pathways (mediators); (b) factors that moderate FSM pathways; and (c) joint tests of competing models. Also important, most researchers cited in this review used longitudinal designs to test the proposed causal ordering of FSM pathways, which replicated among a diverse set of families varied in structure, ethnic background, and geographic location. We …

The Relationship Between Clinical Teaching Effectiveness And Emotional Intelligence In Clinical Nurse Faculty In Pre-Licensure Baccalaureate Programs In New York State, Caroline K. Mosca

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

It is important to evaluate the Clinical Teaching Effectiveness (CTE) of nurse faculty because clinical teaching is one of the most effective pedagogies in nursing education (Billings & Halstead, 2012). However, clinical faculty must be able to manage effectively the stressors of the clinical setting, where lessons can be unpredictable and the environment is often laden with intense emotion (Gerolamo & Roemer, 2011; Ondrejka, 2013; Roberts, Chrisman, & Flowers, 2013). Emotional Intelligence (EI) may facilitate CTE because higher EI has been associated with improved management of stress in both nursing and the general workplace (Goleman, 1995; Görgens-Ekermans & Brand, 2012; …

Weight Loss Maintenance: Women's Experience During Perimenopause, Karren B. Liebert

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Women’s health may be at risk during middle age, a time when women in the United States often gain weight. Being overweight or obese during perimenopause increases a woman’s vulnerability to disabling health sequela in later life, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and osteoarthritis, all of which increase morbidity, mortality, health care costs and decrease quality of life. Stigma and discrimination related to overweight and obesity are associated with delay and avoidance of health care, and with poorer quality health care. Weight loss often is followed by weight regain within three to five years. This qualitative study was designed …

Treatment Outcomes For Inpatients With Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: An Open Comparison Trial, Ryan Smith, Christopher Shepard, Anika Wiltgen, Katrina Rufino, J Christopher Fowler

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: The current case-control study compared rates of clinically significant and reliable change in psychopathology and global functioning, prevalence of clinical deterioration, and rates of symptom remission among adult patients with obsessive compulsive personality disorder OCPD (n=52) and well-matched inpatients with any other personality disorder (n=56) and no personality disorder (n=53).

Methods: Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to select patients matched on specific criteria present in the OCPD group. Multivariate analysis of variance models measured differences in admission functioning and RCI change across depression and anxiety severity, emotion dysregulation and suicidal ideation.

Results: Patients diagnosed with OCPD admit to …

Trait Anxiety And Economic Risk Avoidance Are Not Necessarily Associated: Evidence From The Framing Effect, Ruolei Gu, Runguo Wu, Lucas S. Broster, Yang Jiang, Rui Xu, Qiwei Yang, Pengfei Xu, Yue-Jia Luo

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

According to previous literature, trait anxiety is related to the tendency to choose safety options during risk decision-making, that is, risk avoidance. In our opinion, anxious people’s risk preference might actually reflect their hypersensitivity to emotional information. To examine this hypothesis, a decision-making task that could elicit the framing effect was employed. The framing effect indicates that risk preference could be modulated by emotional messages contained in the description (i.e., frame) of options. The behavioral results have showed the classic framing effect. In addition, individual level of trait anxiety was positively correlated with the framing effect size. However, trait anxiety …

Increasing Valued Behaviors Precedes Reduction In Suffering: Findings From A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Act, Andrew T. Gloster, Jens Klotsche, Joseph Ciarrochi, Georg Eifert, Rainer Sonntag, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Jürgen Hoyer

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Psychological flexibility theory (PFT) suggests three key processes of change: increases in value-directed behaviors, reduction in struggle with symptoms, and reduction in suffering. We hypothesized that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) would change these processes and that increases in valued action and decreases in struggle would precede change in suffering.

Method: Data were derived from a randomized clinical trial testing ACT (vs. waitlist) for treatment-resistant patients with primary panic disorder with/without agoraphobia (n= 41). Valued behavior, struggle, and suffering were assessed at each of eight sessions.

Results: Valued actions, struggle, and suffering all changed over the …

Understanding Alcoholics’ “Difficulty In Life”: An Empirical Comparison Of Alcoholics And Nonalcoholics, Keiko Ito

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

The Japanese success rate for alcoholism treatment is approximately 30%, indicating high relapse rates. Although “difficulty in life” is thought to contribute to alcoholics’ relapse, the characteristics of the phenomenon are unknown. This study examined the factors contributing to alcoholics’ difficulty in life. Alcoholic self-help group members, who indicated the extent of their difficulty in life and described the factors that contributed to this difficulty, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Participants’ hypersensitivity/grandiosity traits were also examined. A control group of nonalcoholic men also completed the questionnaire. Simple tabulation, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariate analyses were used to compare data …

A Cognitive Electrophysiological Signature Differentiates Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From Normal Aging, Juan Li, Lucas S. Broster, Gregory A. Jicha, Nancy B. Munro, Frederick A. Schmitt, Erin L. Abner, Richard J. Kryscio, Charles D. Smith, Yang Jiang

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Noninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce. Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) measure synchronized synaptic neural activity associated with a cognitive event. Loss of synapses is a hallmark of the neuropathology of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ERP responses during working memory retrieval discriminate aMCI from cognitively normal controls (NC) matched in age and education.

Methods: Eighteen NC, 17 subjects with aMCI, and 13 subjects with AD performed a delayed match-to-sample task specially designed not only to be …

Commentary: Have We Come To A Fork In The Road In Medical Education?, Robert Grosz

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

No abstract provided.

Opinion: The Mental Health Parity And Addiction Equity Act: What Parity Means For New Hampshire, Lucy C. Hodder

Law Faculty Scholarship

[Excerpt] "New Hampshire lawyers can help clients and colleagues with mental health or substance use disorders by advising individuals how to overcome barriers to insurance coverage for treatment, and encouraging them to pursue state and federally mandated internal, external and expedited appeal opportunities when denied coverage."

Persistent Amygdala Novelty Response Is Associated With Less Anterior Cingulum Integrity In Trauma-Exposed Women, Seungyeon A. Yoon, Mariann R. Weierich

Publications and Research

Objectives: We investigated the potential role of cingulum and uncinate fasciculus integrity in trauma-related neural hypervigilance, indexed by less discrimination between amygdala activation to novel and familiar affective images.

Participants: 22 women (mean age 21.7 ± 3.9 years) with a history of trauma, and 20 no-trauma controls (mean age 21.9 ± 4.8 years).

Measures: Trauma exposure and trauma-related symptoms were assessed during structured clinical interview. White matter integrity in the anterior cingulum, parahippocampal cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus was measured using diffusion weighted imaging. Amygdala response to novel and familiar affective scenes was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results: Trauma-exposed …

Parkinsonian Motor Impairment Predicts Personality Domains Related To Genetic Risk And Treatment Outcomes In Schizophrenia, Juan L. Molina, María Calvó, Eduardo Padilla, Mara Balda, Gabriela González Alemán, Néstor V. Florenzano, Gonzalo Guerrero, Danielle Kamis, Beatriz Molina Rangeon

School of Medicine Publications

Identifying endophenotypes of schizophrenia is of critical importance and has profound implications on clinical practice. Here we propose an innovative approach to clarify the mechanims through which temperament and character deviance relates to risk for schizophrenia and predict long-term treatment outcomes. We recruited 61 antipsychotic naïve subjects with chronic schizophrenia, 99 unaffected relatives, and 68 healthy controls from rural communities in the Central Andes. Diagnosis was ascertained with the Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; parkinsonian motor impairment was measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; mesencephalic parenchyma was evaluated with transcranial ultrasound; and personality traits were assessed using …

Not A “Mom Thing”: Predictors Of Gatekeeping In Samesex And Heterosexual Parent Families, Kristin K. Sweeney, Abbie E. Goldberg, Randi L. Garcia

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current study is the first to examine parental gatekeeping in both same-sex (57 female, 51 male) and heterosexual (n 82) couples, all of whom became parents via adoption. Aspects of the individual, the couple, and the work context, measured preadoption, were examined as predictors of gatekeeping. Gatekeeping refers to attitudes and behaviors aimed at regulating and limiting the involvement of the other parent in housework and child care and was measured 2 years postadoption. Findings revealed that women in heterosexual relationships reported higher gatekeeping compared with all other groups, and men in same-sex relationships reported higher gatekeeping compared with …

Sociocultural Risk Factors For Elevated Perceived Stress Among African American Smokers, Monica Webb Hooper, Noella A. Dietz, Joseph C. Wilson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: African Americans experience unique stressors that may inhibit smoking cessation and enhance relapse rates. Few studies, however, have focused on risk factors for perceived stress among treatment seekers. Because African Americans are less likely to quit compared to the larger community, understanding factors associated with perceived stress among smokers has the potential to improve intervention outcomes. This study examined psychosocial and cultural correlates of stress in a sample of African American participants in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: At baseline, participants reported demographic factors and completed assessments of smoking history, alcohol use, friend and household smoking, weight concerns, acculturation, …

The Association Between Childhood Adversities And Subsequent First Onset Of Psychotic Experiences: A Cross-National Analysis Of 23 998 Respondents From 17 Countries, J. J. Mcgrath, K. A. Mclaughlin, S. Saha, S. Aguilar-Gaxiola, A. Al-Hamzawi, J. Alonso, R. Bruffaerts, G. De Girolamo, P. De Jonge, O. Esan, S. Florescu, O. Gureje, J. M. Haro, C. Hu, E. G. Karam, V. Kovess-Masfety, S. Lee, J. P. Lepine, C. C. W. Lim, M. E. Medina-Mora, Z. Mneimneh, B. E. Pennell, M. Piazza, J. Posada-Villa, N. Sampson, M. C. Viana, M. Xavier, E. J. Bromet, K. S. Kendler, R. C. Kessler, Who World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Psychiatry Publications

Although there is robust evidence linking childhood adversities (CAs) and an increased risk for psychotic experiences (PEs), little is known about whether these associations vary across the life-course and whether mental disorders that emerge prior to PEs explain these associations.

We assessed CAs, PEs and DSM-IV mental disorders in 23 998 adults in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to investigate the associations between CAs and PEs, and the influence of mental disorders on these associations using multivariate logistic models.

Exposure to CAs was common, and those who experienced any CAs had increased odds of …

Symptoms Of Major Depression: Their Stability, Familiality, And Prediction By Genetic, Temperamental, And Childhood Environmental Risk Factors, Kenneth S. Kendler, Steven H. Aggen

Psychiatry Publications

Background: Psychiatry has long sought to develop biological diagnostic subtypes based on symptomatic differences. This effort assumes that symptoms reflect, with good fidelity, underlying etiological processes. We address this question for major depression (MD).

Methods: We examine, in twins from a population-based registry, similarity in symptom endorsement in individuals meeting criteria for last-year MD at separate interview waves and in concordant twin pairs. Among individuals with MD, we explore the impact of genetic-temperamental and child adversity risk factors on individual reported symptoms. Aggregated criteria do not separate insomnia from hypersomnia, weight gain from loss, etc. while disaggregated criteria do.

Results: …

Genomewide Association Study Of Alcohol Dependence Identifies Risk Loci Altering Ethanol-Response Behaviors In Model Organisms, Amy E. Adkins, Laura M. Hack, Tim B. Bigdeli, Vernell S. Williamson, G. Omari Mcmichael, Mohammed Mamdani, Alexis C. Edwards, Fazil Aliev, Robin F. Chan, Poonam Bhandari, Richard C. Raabe, Joseph T. Alaimo, Ginamari G. Blackwell, Arden Moscati, Ryan S. Poland, Benjamin Rood, Diana G. Patterson, Dermot Walsh, Collaborative Study Of The Genetics Of Alcoholism Consortium, John B. Whitfield, Gu Zhu, Grant W. Montgomery, Anjali K. Henders, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew C. Heath, Pamela A.F. Madden, Josef Frank, Monika Ridinger, Norbert Wodarz, Michael Soyka, Peter Zill, Marcus Ising, Markus M. Nöthen, Falk Kiefer, Marcella Rietschel, The German Study Of The Genetics Of Addiction Consortium, Joel Gelernter, Richard Sherva, Ryan Koesterer, Laura Almasy, Hongyu Zhao, Henry R. Kranzler, Lindsay A. Farrer, Brion S. Maher, Carol A. Prescott, Danielle M. Dick, Silviu A. Bacanu, Laura D. Mathies, Andrew G. Davies, Vladimir I. Vladimirov, Mike Grotewiel, M. Scott Bowers, Jill C. Bettinger, Bradley T. Webb, Michael F. Miles, Kenneth S. Kendler, Brien P. Riley

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Alcohol dependence (AD) shows evidence for genetic liability, but genes influencing risk remain largely unidentified.

Methods

We conducted a genomewide association study in 706 related AD cases and 1,748 unscreened population controls from Ireland. We sought replication in 15,496 samples of European descent. We used model organisms (MOs) to assess the role of orthologous genes in ethanol (EtOH)-response behaviors. We tested 1 primate-specific gene for expression differences in case/control postmortem brain tissue.

Results

We detected significant association in COL6A3 and suggestive association in 2 previously implicated loci, KLF12 and RYR3. None of these signals are significant in replication. …

The Genetic And Environmental Sources Of Resemblance Between Normative Personality And Personality Disorder Traits, K. S. Kendler, S. H. Aggen, Nathan Gillespie, M. C. Neale, G. P. Knudsen, R. F. Krueger, Nikolai Czajkowski, Eivind Ystrom, T. Reichborn-Kjennerud

Psychiatry Publications

Recent work has suggested a high level of congruence between normative personality, most typically represented by the "big five" factors, and abnormal personality traits. In 2,293 Norwegian adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, the authors evaluated the degree of sharing of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, assessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and personality disorder traits (PDTs), assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-S-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5NBF). For four of the five BFI dimensions, the strongest genetic correlation was observed with the expected PID-5-NBF dimension (e.g., neuroticism with negative affectivity [+], conscientiousness with disinhibition [-]). However, …

The Effects Of Abilify On Memory, Coordination, And Stereotypy In Cd-1 Mice, Jostein Andersen

Undergraduate Honors College Theses 2016-

The atypical antipsychotic Abilify is the second most popular treatment for schizophrenia and other related disorders. Its popularity and wide use is due to its unique pharmacological profile, working differently at dopamine and serotonin receptors compared to other antipsychotics. Schizophrenia is an infamous mental dysfunction involving cognitive impairment, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms. The current study investigated Abilify’s effect in a dose-dependent manner on memory, coordination and stereotypic movement. The sample consisted of 15 male and 15 female CD-1 mice. Memory was tested in a cognitive maze, the Rota-Rod series 8 model measured coordination, and the Coulbourn Tru-Scan Activity Box …

Objective And Subjective Evaluation Of Anew Lidar-Based Speed Prediction And Advisory Display, Jorg Onno Entzinger, Tomoko Iijima, Tsuneharu Uemura, Jun Matsumoto, Naoki Matayoshi, Shinji Suzuki

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

We evaluate a newly developed symbology that provides the pilot predicted and advisory airspeed information. This information is not only based on the current state of the aircraft, but also takes into account the wind field ahead of the aircraft measured by an onboard LIDAR system. Airline pilots flew landing approaches in wind shear scenarios that demanded careful consideration of whether to land on go-aroundin JAXA's full flight simulator. We obtained both subjective evaluations and objective data including flight performance, eye recoder data, electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and performance on a simple visual secondary task. The pilots considered all newly …

Flight Experience And Mental Representations Of Space, Mikayla Keller, Jennifer E. Sutton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Spatial skills are critical for flight safety. The current study investigatedwhetherincreased flight experience as a pilotwas associated with improved spatial skills, and in particular, theability to form a mental representation of a novel virtual environment.Pilotscompleted small-scalespatial ability tasks, travelled alongfour routes in a virtual environment, and then completed two tests that assessed memory for the locations of landmarks in the environment. Pilots with more flight experience did not have more accurate mental representations of the environment than individuals with less flight experience. Increasedflyingexperience was, however, linked to better performance on a perspective-taking test. Perspective taking has been proposed as central …

Investigating Facial Electromyography As An Indicator Of Cognitive Workload, Jonathan Mead, Matt Middendorf, Christina Gruenwald, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Facial electromyography (fEMG) is an electromyographic measurement technique that has primarily been used as a tool for measuring affect, but previous experiments suggest that it also has the potential to help quantify cognitiveworkload. In the current study, two task-irrelevant facial muscles, corrugator supercilli and lateral frontalis, were monitored in real-time to determine whether they were sensitive to workload changes in a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) task environment. Real-time signal processing techniques were applied to derive the median amplitude and zero-crossing rate from windowed fEMG data. Statistical analysis of these features determined that both muscles were sensitive to variations in specific …

Advancement In Pedagogical Foundations: Developing Language Proficiency For Student Success, Stacey L. Mcintire, Juan R. Merkt, Jacqueline R. Luedtke, Timothy B. Holt, Brent D. Bowen, Hunter Watson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Interruptions in flight training and a corresponding increase in costs appear to be prevalent among universities with aviation training programs. Students in these programs have to manage both demanding academics and flight training. Additionally, international students, for whom English is not their primary language, have the added disadvantage of learning complex aviation concepts in English. In order to maximize retention in collegiate flight programs, an experimental aviation English course has been designed to helpfrontload aviation vocabulary and take a proactive approach to teaching language skills that are essential in flight training. This as a case study model includes the learning …

Aviation English Intelligibility, Julia Trippe, Eric Pederson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Aviation English (AE) is the “primary dialect” of international aviation. Demonstrably, AE and Conversational English (CE) are distinct varieties of English. Pastresearch shows that AE is spoken more rapidly, with less inflectional variation and differentrhythm than CE. Differences are strong enough that AE and CEmaynot be mutually intelligible. However, flight students are not trained in AE production and perception prior to flight training.This study examines the intelligibility relationship between AE and CE by comparing native English speaking non-pilots andnative English speaking pilots responding to actual air traffic controller transmissions. A difference between these groups was predicted, given theircomparative AE familiarity. …

Genetic And Environmental Structure Of Dsm-Iv Criteria For Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Twin Study, Tom Rosenström, Eivind Ystrom, Fartein Ask Torvik, Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski, Nathan A. Gillespie, Steven H. Aggen, Robert F. Krueger, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud

Psychiatry Publications

Results from previous studies on DSM-IV and DSM-5 Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) have suggested that the construct is etiologically multidimensional. To our knowledge, however, the structure of genetic and environmental influences in ASPD has not been examined using an appropriate range of biometric models and diagnostic interviews. The 7 ASPD criteria (section A) were assessed in a population-based sample of 2794 Norwegian twins by a structured interview for DSM-IV personality disorders. Exploratory analyses were conducted at the phenotypic level. Multivariate biometric models, including both independent and common pathways, were compared. A single phenotypic factor was found, and the best-fitting biometric …