Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

The Greatest Memory Teacher Ever: Review Of Memory’S Ghost: The Nature Of Memory And The Strange Tale Of Mr. M., By Philip J. Hilts, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although psychologists and neurologists have been familiar with the case of H.M. for years, this small volume makes his story—and what it can teach us about the functioning of memory—accessible to a much wider audience. Hilts has done a good job of piecing together H.M.’s early life, in the absence of any living relatives and all but a few written records. He recreates the life of a very normal youth in the 1930s and 1940s; normal, that is, until H.M.’s first epileptic seizure. In 1954, after several other treatments for the epilepsy had failed, H.M. (at age 27) had a …

Mechanism Of Triazolo-Benzodiazepine And Benzodiazepine Action In Anxiety And Depression: Behavioral Studies With Concomitant In Vivo Ca1 Hippocampal Norepinephrine And Serotonin Release Detection In The Behaving Animal, Patricia A. Broderick, Omotola Hope, Pierrot Jeannot

Publications and Research

1. Real time, in vivo microvoltammetric studies were performed, using miniature carbon-based sensors, to concurrently detect norepinephrine (NE) release and serotonin (5-HT) release, in 2 separate electrochemical signals, within CA₁ region of hippocampus in the freely moving and behaving, male, Sprague Dawley laboratory rat.

2. Concurrently, four parameters of open-field Behavior I.E. Ambulations, Rearing, Fine Movements and Central Ambulatory behavior (a measure of anxiety reduction behavior), were assayed by infrared photobeam detection.

3. Time course studies showed that the mechanism of action of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD), adinazolam, (Deracyn®) is dramatically different from that of the classical benzodiazepine (BZD), diazepam …

Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder : Different Names For The Same Condition?, Daryl L. Hawkins

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature related to the proposition that oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are, in essence, the same disorder, with varying degrees of severity. The author of this paper believes that it would make more sense diagnostically to combine these two diagnoses into one category.

This paper will cover a variety of areas related to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. First, a section on the formulation of the diagnostic criteria is presented. Brief definitions and descriptions of the two disorders follow the diagnostic criteria section. In addition to …

Adolescent Depression: The Influence Of Self-Esteem, Self-Consciousness And Gender, Kevin W. Adams

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study explored gender differences in reports of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Self-esteem was examined for its relationship to reports of depressive symptoms and self-consciousness was examined to determine its influence on self-esteem and depression. One hundred four 10th grade students were involved in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Imaginary Audience Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory were used in the analysis. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Alpha was set at .05. A positive relationship was found between gender and the variables of depression, abiding self-consciousness, transient self-consciousness, and self-esteem. Females scored …

Characteristics And Treatment Of Conduct Disorders, Vicky Jo Kukral

Graduate Research Papers

Conduct Disorder is the most diagnosed condition in both outpatient and inpatient mental health facilities for children in the United States. Behavior problems such as aggression, destruction of property, theft and violation of basic rules are concerns for parents, teachers, peers and other adults. In an effort to help increase the reader's understanding of the Conduct Disorder population and their treatment, the author of this paper will describe and characteristics of this population. The author will also address specific mental health concerns as found in a review of the literature, and the status of mental health treatment.

Adolescent Depression : A School Perspective, Kayann Lilja

Graduate Research Papers

The path from adolescence to adulthood is ever-changing and often extremely challenging. There is growing consensus that today it is an even more difficult journey than ever before. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize current knowledge regarding adolescent depression and its relationship to normal adolescent development. In addition, the origin, nature and characteristics of adolescent depression will be discussed. The paper will conclude with suggested interventions for educators to address the issue of adolescent depression in a preventative as well as treatment manner.

What Is Learned About Nontarget Items In Simple Visual Search?, John H. Flowers, Karen L. Smith

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Human sensitivity to correlational structure between nontargets and likelihood of target presence in a visual letter-search task were studied in two experiments. In each of these experiments, the performance of subjects for whom the nontarget information was altered in the final trial block was compared with the performance of subjects for whom the nontarget information did not change. When stimulus strings were presented individually on a computer screen and subjects were required to make a yes–no decision about target presence (Experiment 1), the change in nontarget structure resulted in increased reaction times for target-absent trials. When subjects searched simultaneously for …

An Investigation Of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions For The Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa In Women, Adrienne E. Reed

Graduate Research Papers

The first and foremost aim of this investigation is to review the professional literature related to the successes of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN). The second purpose of the paper is to compare CBT treatments with other treatments which have also been shown to be successful. The third aim of this study is to determine whether CBT should be the treatment of choice for women with BN.

Psychology's Use Of Animals: Current Practices And Attitudes, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

In this chapter, I present a psychology primer for the uninitiated, with special emphasis on psychology's uses of animals. After sketching the scope of the field generally, I review available data on present numbers and species of animals used in psychological research, level of suffering induced and current trends. I also provide several concrete examples of psychological research involving animals. Finally, the chapter concludes with a presentation of attitudes of psychologists toward animals and these practices.

Effective Treatment Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : A Multimodal Approach, Dave A. Lipinski

Graduate Research Papers

The beginning of the 1990's brought with it increased attention to what is becoming the most talked about disorder of childhood and adolescence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This disorder is estimated to afflict between 3% and 9% of the entire United States school-aged population. The most common treatment consist of behavior modification, cognitive therapy, diet restrictions and food supplements, cognitive and social skill training, psychosocial interventions, interpersonal problem solving and prescription medicine such as Ritalin.

The literature on stimulant medication and psychosocial treatments for children with ADHD suggest that no single method of treatment alone yields significant long-term therapeutic …

The Problem Of Verbal Reports In Recreation Research: Review, Recommendations, And New Directions, Bill Borrie

Society and Conservation Faculty Publications

Recent work of cognitive and social psychologists has questioned the ability of subjects to accurately remember and report their experiences. This has particular significance for recreation research as the survey questions we ask of visitors change from more stable visit and group characteristics to reports of conditions, experiences and feelings. Strategies exist to encourage accurate recall, particlarly by minimizing the delay between event and report such as is provided by the Experience Sampling Method.

Perceiving And Feeling Personal Discrimination: Motivation Or Inhibition For Collective Action?, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson

Psychology Faculty Publications

Relative deprivation and group consciousness theories differ in their predictions of how personal discrimination and personal discontent will be related to taking collective action. According to relative deprivation theory, assessments of personal status should be unrelated to taking collective action.

In contrast, group consciousness theories suggest that while perceiving personal discrimination is necessary for collective action to occur, feelings of personal discontent may inhibit it. Female students completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of, and affective responses to personal discrimination, as well as their participation in collective actions. A hierarchical regression analysis found that personal discrimination and discontent interacted such that …

Partner, Teacher, And Guide: Examples Of Teacher Behavior In Reggio Emilia, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

To give a fuller picture and provide concrete examples of the abstract principles presented above, we offer four short observation records drawn from videotapes taken at the Diana School in 1988 and 1990. They illustrate different kinds of teacher behavior commonly seen in the Reggio Emilia preprimary schools.

The Teacher Gets Children Started
The Teacher Provides Instruction in Tool-Use and Technique
The Teacher Turns a Dispute into a Hypothesis to Test
The Teacher Encourages Children to Solve Their Own Disputes

Violence Against Women In Sierra Leone: Frequency And Correlates Of Intimate Partner Violence And Forced Sexual Intercourse, Ann L. Coker, Donna L. Richter

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Violence against women is a significant public health problem which impacts women, men, and children. Little is known about the frequency or correlates of violence against women in Africa. In this cross-sectional study, we found that 66.7% of 144 women surveyed in a study of AIDS knowledge, attitude, and behaviours, report being beaten by an intimate male partner and 50.7% report having ever been forced to have sexual intercourse; 76.6% of women report either forced sex or intimate partner violence. Circumcised women were most likely to report intimate partner violence and forced sexual intercourse. To improve the health of women …

Dual Diagnosis Treatment Models, Lauretta M. Cufr

Graduate Research Papers

The increase in the size of the identified Dual Diagnosis population and the increase in focus on cost effectiveness of treatment interventions and outcomes, has made clear the need for improvements in the knowledge base of treatment providers. Treatment models currently in use as partially developed approaches need to be studied in order to provide the DD population with the most effective treatment possible. (Minkoff, 1994).

This paper will examine literature pertaining to the three current treatment models: the serial, the parallel, and the integrated. It will also report findings regarding one innovative program currently under study for clients who …

A Comparison Of Medicaid Managed Mental Health Care In Ahca Areas 6 & 4, M. Susan Ridgely, Julienne A. Giard, Kristen Snyder, Pat Robinson

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Medicaid Managed Mental Health Care Arrangements In Ahca Area 6: Organizational, Financial And Clinical Structures, M. Susan Ridgely, Julienne A. Giard, Kristen Snyder

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

This report, the first full report on the organizational, financial and clinical structures of the managed mental health care interventions in AHCA Area 6, is presented in the following sections. In Section 2 , we describe the methods used to identify, obtain and analyze information on the nine managed care plans operating in Area 6. In Section 3, we provide a chronology of events related to Medicaid managed care and then describe the Medicaid service delivery system in AHCA Area 6, providing contextual data on the number of Medicaid recipients enrolled in managed care plans, the number of MCOs and …

Quantitative Component Year One Report: Medicaid Enrollee Characteristics, Service Utilization, Costs, And Access To Care In Ahca Areas 4 And 6, Paul Stiles, Kristen Snyder, Mary R. Murrin

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Self-Efficacy And Performance Of Younger And Older Adults In Verbal, Reasoning, And Spatial Domains, Judy L. Thompson

Master's Theses

Age-related decline in intellectual abilities is domain-specific; that is, whether older adults show decreased intellectual performance depends on the type of ability being assessed (Foster & Taylor, 1920; Horn & Cattell, 1967; Kaufman, Reynolds & McLean, 1989; Sattler, 1982). Specifically, verbal abilities tend to decrease with older age (Botwinick, 1977; Cornelius, 1984; Horn & Cattell, 1967; Lachman & Jelalian, 1984). This prevalent finding has been labeled the "classic aging pattern" (Botwinick, 1977). Beyond mere descriptions, however, researchers have begun addressing explanatory mechanisms that underlie age patterns of intellectual decline, maintenance, and growth. What factors might mediate age-related decline on certain …

Autism : A Look Into Cause And Treatment, Sarah Chase Ferguson

Graduate Research Papers

This paper reviews the literature on the etiology and treatment of autism in an attempt to answer three questions. First, what are the main theories on the cause of autism? To answer this the theories of the psychoanalytic, behavioral, and biological perspectives are examined. Second, what treatment methods are available for children with autism? Ideas on treatment are discussed from each of. the three perspectives. In addition, UCLA's Young Autism Project and Project TEACCH are covered. Third, what is the nature of treatment? The importance of specific treatment in the areas of language, social skills and daily living skills is …

Interventions For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Justin M. Larson

Graduate Research Papers

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continues to be widely studied within the literature and researchers continue to investigate interventions and environments which allow for success. Whalen and Renker (1991) argue that multiple intervention methods are needed for success of children and adolescents in social situations. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature, and review interventions used to facilitate appropriate behaviors in children, aged six to eleven, with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Adolescent Depression : A Review Of Theoretical Perspectives And Considerations For Assessment, Elizabeth Marie O'Neill

Graduate Research Papers

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders shared by adolescents and adults. Thus, adolescent depression is an important area of investigation for researchers, parents, clinicians, and teachers. The purposes of this literature review are to (1) provide a critical overview of the major depressive disorder criteria for children and adolescents in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), (2) provide an overview of well-articulated major theories that have attempted to explain the cause(s) of depression in adolescents, and (3) evaluate the psychometric adequacy of those self-report measures of adolescent …

Validation Of The Barkemeyer-Callon-Jones Malingering Detection Scale: The Ability Of A Scale Differentiate Simulating Malingers From Controls And Prior Litigants From Those With No Litigation Experience Within A Sample Of Men Who Have All Suffered Chronic Low Back Pain, David Curnow

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Chronic low back pain costs the community, and several authors have suggested that individuals often attempt to exaggerate chronic low back pain. Currently no reliable and valid scale for assessing malingering in chronic pain populations exists, and there is a large difference in opinion on the ability of experts using clinical judgment to detect malingering. The current study seeks to provide a validation for the BarkemeyerCallon-Jones Malingering Detection Scale (MDS) which has purported to be able to identify individuals attempting to malinger neurological conditions and pain. A simulation design was used, as in previous research, because it is difficult to …

Fitness To Stand Trial In Australia: The Investigation And Comparison Of Clinical Opinion And Legal Criteria, Miranda P. Hogg

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The extent to which Australian psychologists and psychiatrists are cognisant of the legal standard for Fitness to Stand Trial (FST) was investigated. 198 psychologists from The Australian Psychological Society (APS), and 125 psychiatrists from The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) responded to a survey. Psychiatrists identified a greater number of legal criteria than psychologists. This finding extended across clinicians who had experience in the evaluation of fitness to stand trial and those who did not. No difference was found between psychologists and psychiatrists for mentioning irrelevant or insufficient considerations. However, a within-group analysis revealed that the …

Awareness Of Deficits In Dementia Of The Alzheimer’S Type And Normal Aging, Jay D. Anderson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Past research has documented the presence of frontal lobe dysfunction in both dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) and normal aging. The purpose of the present study was to further investigate whether one particular type of frontal lobe dysfunction, unawareness of deficits or anosognosia, differs qualitatively or quantitatively when occurring in DAT versus the normal aging process. Anosognosia was investigated in three groups of subjects: individuals diagnosed with DAT (N = 25), older normal controls (N = 25), and middle-aged normal controls (N = 25). Unawareness of deficits was operationalized as the discrepancy between subjects' self-rating and that of another …

Eating-Disorder Patterns In The Minnesota Multiphasic Personaity Inventory, Karen Baer-Barkley

Dissertations

Problem. Early intervention is crucial for effective treatment of eating disorders. While there have recently been many assessment tools developed specifically for eating disorders, a screening tool is still needed. This study sought to identify, in an eating-disordered sample, the existence of a v-shaped pattern on scales 4-5-6 of the MMPI, a commonly used general measure of psychopathology.

Method. The sample consisted of 356 females who were being treated for eating disorders through the HOPE program between 1989 and 1996. Past research on the MMPI has produced equivocal results on identifying significant patterns on the clinical scales. Since prior research …

Asperger's Syndrome : A Review Of Literature, Tracy L. Gappa

Graduate Research Papers

This paper contains a review of literature on Asperger's Syndrome (AS). This disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction skills and communication skills (such as the absence of eye contact or facial expressions). Individuals with AS also insist on routines in behaviors, and pursue a relatively narrow range of interests and activities. Etiology is thought to be multifactoral. Studies have indicated that AS may be influenced by genetic factors as well as pre-, peri-, and postnatal trauma. The disorder is also more common among boys than girls.

In this paper, the general clinical features of AS are reviewed, with …

School-Based Primary Prevention Programs For Eating Disorders, Suzanne D. Holmes

Graduate Research Papers

The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive review of the literature and research related to anorexia nervosa, and to emphasize the importance of prevention programs in school settings and the role of school psychologists in the prevention and intervention process. Chapter two of this paper covers anorexia nervosa and the theories regarding its etiology, complications, co-morbidities, risk factors, and treatment. Because anorexia nervosa is a disorder which most frequently begins during adolescence, chapter three addresses the specific factors of adolescence that can lead to eating disorders.

Throughout the paper, there is an emphasis on the lack …