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Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

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Articles 391 - 420 of 603

Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven Jun 2001

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A recent commentary by Meyer (2000) in the Journal of Personality Assessment alleged that Rorschach critic Wood and his colleagues had intentionally published information that they knew to be in error. To substantiate this contention, Meyer’s commentary published information that was part of the peer review process at another journal. In this rejoinder, we present factual information that shows we have consistently acted in good faith. This rejoinder suggests that the scientific debate regarding the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach is unlikely to be advanced by speculating about the intentions of Rorschach critics, or by publishing information from the peer …

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Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven Jun 2001

Advancing Scientific Discourse In The Controversy Surrounding The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach: A Rejoinder To Meyer (2000), James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski, William J. Stejskal, Sena Garven

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A recent commentary by Meyer (2000) in the Journal of Personality Assessment alleged that Rorschach critic Wood and his colleagues had intentionally published information that they knew to be in error. To substantiate this contention, Meyer’s commentary published information that was part of the peer review process at another journal. In this rejoinder, we present factual information that shows we have consistently acted in good faith. This rejoinder suggests that the scientific debate regarding the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach is unlikely to be advanced by speculating about the intentions of Rorschach critics, or by publishing information from the peer …

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Child Sexual Abuse In Asian American Families: An Examination Of Cultural Factors That Influence Prevalence, Identification, And Treatment, Kristine T. Futa, Eugenia Hsu, David J. Hansen Jun 2001

Child Sexual Abuse In Asian American Families: An Examination Of Cultural Factors That Influence Prevalence, Identification, And Treatment, Kristine T. Futa, Eugenia Hsu, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child sexual abuse affects thousands of families each year. Issues pertaining to the prevalence, identification, and treatment of sexual abuse have been relatively well explored in the literature as they pertain to the dominant European American culture. These issues, however, are still relatively unexplored in terms of how sexual abuse affects Asian American families and the Asian American community. We review the relevant literature in Asian American families. These matters are explored in the context of Asian American values such as collectivity, conformity, inconspicuousness, middle position virtue, shame, self-control, and fatalism. Attitudes toward family, sexuality, and the mental health system …

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The Effects Of Limiting Punitive Damage Awards, Edith Greene, David Coon, Brian H. Bornstein Jun 2001

The Effects Of Limiting Punitive Damage Awards, Edith Greene, David Coon, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In response to concerns that jury awards in tort cases are excessive and unpredictable, nearly every state legislature has enacted some version of tort reform that is intended to curb extravagant damage awards. One of the most important and controversial reforms involves capping (or limiting) the maximum punitive damage award. We conducted a jury analogue study to assess the impact of this reform. In particular, we examined the possibility that capping punitive awards would cause jurors to inflate their compensatory awards to satisfy their desires to punish the defendant, particularly in situations where the defendant’s conduct was highly reprehensible. Relative …

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Getting What They Came For: How Power Influences The Dynamics And Outcomes Of Interpersonal Interaction., Mark Snyder, Marc T. Kiviniemi May 2001

Getting What They Came For: How Power Influences The Dynamics And Outcomes Of Interpersonal Interaction., Mark Snyder, Marc T. Kiviniemi

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Many social interactions are indelibly tinged by issues of power and of power differences. Consider some common social interactions: First, imagine a job candidate going in for an interview with a potential employer. Next, consider a teacher meeting new students on the first day of class. Then, imagine two people meeting for a first date. Finally, imagine two college roommates meeting for the first time at the beginning of the semester. Each of these scenarios contains at least two common features, which together set the stage for the arguments that are offered in this chapter. First, each scenario involves a …

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Multidisciplinarity And Cognitive Science, Barbara Von Eckardt May 2001

Multidisciplinarity And Cognitive Science, Barbara Von Eckardt

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The aim of Schunn, Crowley and Okada’s (1998) study is to address the question of whether the current state of cognitive science, as represented by Cognitive Science and the Cognitive Science Society, “reflects the multidisciplinary ideals of its foundation.” To properly interpret and respond to their results, we need to ask a prior question: What is cognitive science’s multidisciplinary ideal? There are at least two conceptions—a “localist” conception, which seems to be implicit in Schunn, Crowley and Okada’s discussion, and a “holist” conception. I argue that while both have been endorsed by some cognitive scientists, there are reasons for preferring …

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Interpersonal Functioning Among Women Reporting A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Empirical Findings And Methodological Issues, David Dilillo May 2001

Interpersonal Functioning Among Women Reporting A History Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Empirical Findings And Methodological Issues, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A subset of research exploring the long-term impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) has examined the adult interpersonal functioning of female survivors. The present review discusses empirical findings and critical methodological issues related to this important but often overlooked aspect of adult adjustment. Though characterized by several methodological limitations, this literature, as a whole, suggests that early sexual abuse represents a risk factor for a range of interpersonal dysfunction among female survivors, including problems with intimate partner relations, disturbed sexual functioning, and difficulties in the parental role. Suggested methodological improvements for future research include new approaches to the measurement of …

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Rationality In Medical Decision Making: A Review Of The Literature On Doctors’ Decision-Making Biases, Brian H. Bornstein, A. Christine Emler Apr 2001

Rationality In Medical Decision Making: A Review Of The Literature On Doctors’ Decision-Making Biases, Brian H. Bornstein, A. Christine Emler

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to describe ways in which doctors make suboptimal diagnostic and treatment decisions, and to discuss possible means of alleviating those biases, using a review of past studies from the psychological and medical decision-making literatures. A number of biases can affect the ways in which doctors gather and use evidence in making diagnoses. Biases also exist in how doctors make treatment decisions once a defi nitive diagnosis has been made. These biases are not peculiar to the medical domain but, rather, are manifestations of suboptimal reasoning to which people are susceptible in general. None the …

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Between- Or Within-Culture Variation? Culture Group As A Moderator Of The Relations Between Individual Differences And Resource Allocation Preferences, Gustavo Carlo, Scott C. Roesch, George P. Knight, Silvia H. Koller Apr 2001

Between- Or Within-Culture Variation? Culture Group As A Moderator Of The Relations Between Individual Differences And Resource Allocation Preferences, Gustavo Carlo, Scott C. Roesch, George P. Knight, Silvia H. Koller

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Recent theoretical discussion of the influence of between- and within-culture factors on social behaviors suggests that both approaches may be useful. The present study was designed to investigate the joint influence of sociocultural (between-group) and individual (within-group) factors on resource allocation preferences. Brazilian (n = 166) and European-American (n = 99) children with ages ranging from 37 to 140 months were administered a resource allocation task, which consisted of distributing rewards to themselves or to an acquaintance. As expected, individualistic resource allocation preferences decreased with age, whereas competitive and cooperative resource allocation preferences increased with age. Culture group, the task-specific …

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Individual Differences In Rat Locomotor Activity Are Diminished By Nicotine Through Stimulation Of Central Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Rick A. Bevins, Joyce Besheer Mar 2001

Individual Differences In Rat Locomotor Activity Are Diminished By Nicotine Through Stimulation Of Central Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Rick A. Bevins, Joyce Besheer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

An increasing body of research has focused on isolating factors that predict or alter individual differences in the behavioral and neural processes mediating the effects of abused drugs. Within this framework, the current report assessed individual differences and the locomotor effect of nicotine. Rats were screened for activity induced by a novel environment. Rats, which were more active to initial environment exposure, remained more active even after seven additional 30-min exposures to the same environment. Treatment with nicotine-di-D tartrate (1 mg/kg, sc) disrupted this effect. This nicotine disruption of individual differences occurred whether nicotine suppressed locomotor activity (initial administration) or …

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An Exploration Of Factors Related To Deviant Sexual Arousal Among Juvenile Sex Offenders, William D. Murphy, Mary R. Haynes, David Dilillo, Elaine Steere Mar 2001

An Exploration Of Factors Related To Deviant Sexual Arousal Among Juvenile Sex Offenders, William D. Murphy, Mary R. Haynes, David Dilillo, Elaine Steere

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

To date, there has been limited literature on the measurement of sexual arousal in adolescent sex offenders. The data that exist have been somewhat mixed in terms of factors related to deviant sexual arousal in this group. The present study, with 71 adolescent sex offenders, investigates the relationship between offender and offense characteristics, including gender of victim, history of sexual abuse, history of physical abuse, race, and interactions between these factors in the prediction of physiologically measured sexual arousal to deviant and nondeviant stimulus categories. A number of variables significantly predicted sexual arousal. The most consistent predictors were gender of …

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Environmental Familiarization In Rats: Differential Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine, Rick A. Bevins, Jana Koznarova, Tracy J. Armiger Mar 2001

Environmental Familiarization In Rats: Differential Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine, Rick A. Bevins, Jana Koznarova, Tracy J. Armiger

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

If an environment is familiar, rats will interact more with a novel object than if the environment is unfamiliar. In two experiments we used this behavioral tendency to assess the effects of nicotine on environmental familiarization (i.e., an elevated platform). As expected, rats given 2 min of exposure to the platform on 2 consecutive days (familiarization phase) interacted more with a novel object in a subsequent test than rats that had not experienced the platform until the test day. During the familiarization phase acute pretreatment with nicotine (0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg, subcutaneous) 10 min before platform exposure interfered with familiarization …

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A Closer Look At The Nature Of Intimate Partner Violence Reported By Women With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse, David Dilillo, Dawn Giuffre, George C. Tremblay, Lizette Peterson Feb 2001

A Closer Look At The Nature Of Intimate Partner Violence Reported By Women With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse, David Dilillo, Dawn Giuffre, George C. Tremblay, Lizette Peterson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study provides an examination of violence occurring in the couple relationships of female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Participants were 240 low-income women, 113 of whom (47%) reported some history of CSA. Compared with non–sexually abused women, those who had experienced CSA reported that their couple relationships were more likely to have involved several severe forms of violence, including hitting, kicking, and beating. Comparisons of the directional patterns of partner violence revealed that a greater proportion of CSA survivors’ relationships had involved at least one incident of both man-to-woman and woman-to-man aggression. An unexpected finding was that a …

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Parental Compliance: Its Role In Terimination Of Parental Rights Cases, Eve M. Brank, Angela L. Williams, Victoria Weisz, Robert E. Ray Jan 2001

Parental Compliance: Its Role In Terimination Of Parental Rights Cases, Eve M. Brank, Angela L. Williams, Victoria Weisz, Robert E. Ray

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This Article examines the current state of termination of parental rights law, along with the results of an appellate case review, an exploratory project, and an empirical investigation of decision-making related to these cases. Section I begins with an overview of termination of parental rights law. The focus of this section will be recent statutory changes in the area, highlighting some key differences between the former and the current law. In Section II, the focus shifts to a review of the foundations for the empirical study that will be described later in the Article. Section III more specifically addresses the …

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Vireo Song Repertoires And Migratory Distance: Three Sexual Selection Hypotheses Fail To Explain The Correlation, D. James Mountjoy, Daniel Leger Jan 2001

Vireo Song Repertoires And Migratory Distance: Three Sexual Selection Hypotheses Fail To Explain The Correlation, D. James Mountjoy, Daniel Leger

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous studies have found a relationship between migration and the degree of elaboration of sexually selected traits, but investigators have differed in the mechanisms they proposed to account for this association. We examined the relationship between song repertoire size and distance migrated among birds in the genus Vireo. There is a strong positive relationship between migratory distance and repertoire size in this genus, but our data do not support the specific predictions of any of the three proposed mechanisms (the “rapid pairing,” “good migrations,” and “territory lottery” hypotheses). Migration distance is presumably correlated with other life-history characteristics that influence the …

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Hierarchical Classification And The Integration Of Self-Structure In Late Adolescence, Eric B. Elbogen, Gustavo Carlo, William D. Spaulding Jan 2001

Hierarchical Classification And The Integration Of Self-Structure In Late Adolescence, Eric B. Elbogen, Gustavo Carlo, William D. Spaulding

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A number of empirical studies have demonstrated that one’s self-concept is multidimensional in nature, varies according to social context, and shows increased differentiation throughout adolescence. There has been relatively less work, however, examining the integration of multi-dimensional social selves. Rosenberg and Gara’s (1985) model of the multidimensional self (a model that utilizes a statistical procedure called “hierarchical classification” or HICLAS) was employed to investigate the integration of social selves during late adolescence. First- and fourth-year college students (n = 128) completed a computer program designed to collect data required to construct HICLAS “self-structures.” The findings indicated that the social selves …

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Introduction: Fear And Loathing Of Evolutionary Psychology In The Social Sciences, Daniel Leger, Alan Kamil, Jeffrey A. French Jan 2001

Introduction: Fear And Loathing Of Evolutionary Psychology In The Social Sciences, Daniel Leger, Alan Kamil, Jeffrey A. French

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

When one looks at the intellectual landscape of the modern university, at the scholarly and scientific interests of its faculty, the panorama is seamless. There are no discontinuities. The interests of physicists transmogrify into those of chemists, those of chemists into those of biologists, and so on. The lines, the divisions, between departments have been created out of administrative, not intellectual, necessity.
For example, consider the divide between chemistry and biology. There is a set of chemical processes that are characteristic of living systems. Is the study of these processes chemistry or biology? This is a meaningless question. To be …

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Sonification Of Daily Weather Records: Issues Of Perception, Attention And Memory In Design Choices, John H. Flowers, Laura E. Whitwer, Douglas C. Grafel, Cheryl A. Kotan Jan 2001

Sonification Of Daily Weather Records: Issues Of Perception, Attention And Memory In Design Choices, John H. Flowers, Laura E. Whitwer, Douglas C. Grafel, Cheryl A. Kotan

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Daily climate records that include temperature and precipitation observations, along with other optional “event” records (such as a severe storm occurrence or the highlighting of record high or low temperatures) are a form of multivariate time series data that is well suited to sonification. Our project describes and demonstrates sonification of historical monthly weather records from Lincoln, Nebraska that allow perceptual comparisons between corresponding monthly records from different years for illustration of climatic trends and fluctuations. Choices of data-sound mapping schemes and temporal properties of the display will be related to basic principles of auditory perception, attention and cognition

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Linking Childhood Sexual Abuse And Abusive Parenting: The Mediating Role Of Maternal Anger, David Dilillo, George C. Tremblay, Lizette Peterson Dec 2000

Linking Childhood Sexual Abuse And Abusive Parenting: The Mediating Role Of Maternal Anger, David Dilillo, George C. Tremblay, Lizette Peterson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: This study had two primary objectives: First, to examine the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later parenting characteristics, particularly physical abuse potential, and second, to explore maternal anger as a mediator of the relationship between CSA and adult physical abuse potential.

Method: Utilized a community sample of low SES participants that included 138 mothers classified as having experienced CSA, and a comparison group of 152 non-sexually abused mothers. Parenting variables examined included the mothers' physical abuse potential, nurturance toward their children, unrealistic developmental expectations of children, as well as frequencies of spanking and general punishment. Data was …

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Gender Differences In Brazilian Street Youth’S Family Circumstances And Experiences On The Street, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller, Caroline T. Reppold, Mateus B. Kuschick, Fernanda M. B. Krum, Denise R. Bandeira, Carson Simões Nov 2000

Gender Differences In Brazilian Street Youth’S Family Circumstances And Experiences On The Street, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller, Caroline T. Reppold, Mateus B. Kuschick, Fernanda M. B. Krum, Denise R. Bandeira, Carson Simões

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: It has been proposed that homeless street girls are more likely to be from dysfunctional families and exhibit psychological distress than homeless street boys, reflecting cultural factors that result in differential norms for male and female behavior. The current analysis examined whether male and female street youth in a mid-sized Brazilian city differed in their family circumstances and day-to-day functioning on the street.

Methods: The opportunity sample consisted of 33 male (mean age 14.3, range 10-17 years) and 33 female (mean age 14.6, range 11-18 years) street youth who participated in a sentence completion task and structured interview examining …

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Nicotine Enhances Acquisition Of A T-Maze Visual Discrimination: Assessment Of Individual Differences, J. Besheer, Rick A. Bevins Nov 2000

Nicotine Enhances Acquisition Of A T-Maze Visual Discrimination: Assessment Of Individual Differences, J. Besheer, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In the present report, rats' performance was assessed in five tasks designed to measure behavioral response to different novel stimuli under different experimental situations. Daily nicotine treatment (0, 0.3 or l.0 mg/kg) began after the conclusion of the behavioral tasks and continued throughout the experiment. Training of a T-maze visual discrimination task commenced after 11 days of nicotine pretreatment. As a group, rats treated with the higher dose of nicotine (l.0 mg/kg) made fewer errors to acquire the initial T-maze discrimination than saline-treated controls. Activity induced by an inescapable novel environment (i.e. first behavioral screen) was positively correlated with the …

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Social Anxiety Scale For Adolescents: Normative Data And Further Evidence Of Construct Validity, Heidi M. Inderbitzen-Nolan, Kenneth S. Walters Aug 2000

Social Anxiety Scale For Adolescents: Normative Data And Further Evidence Of Construct Validity, Heidi M. Inderbitzen-Nolan, Kenneth S. Walters

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Replicates and extends prior work with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS– A) by providing psychometric data, further evidence of construct validity, and largesample based normative data. Participants were 2,937 students (1,431 boys and 1,506 girls) in Grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Students completed the SAS–A, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Results replicated a three-factor structure for the SAS–A, with good internal consistencies for its subscales. Normative data were subdivided by sex and grade group. Construct validity included replication of prior relations with general anxiety (RCMAS) and depressive symptomatology …

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One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning With Immediate Shock: The Roles Of Transport And Contextual Cues, Rick A. Bevins, Anthony S. Rauhut, Janice E. Mcphee, John J. B. Ayres Jun 2000

One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning With Immediate Shock: The Roles Of Transport And Contextual Cues, Rick A. Bevins, Anthony S. Rauhut, Janice E. Mcphee, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In three experiments, using a total of 120 albino rats, we assessed whether transportation cues might evoke some of the freezing (i.e., defensive immobility) that we see in a context on a day following a footshock given immediately after placement in that context. The results suggested that immediate shock could directly condition strong fear to both simulated and actual transport cues. Although conditioning to transport cues explains some of the freezing that is seen on the test day, it does not explain all of it. We also found evidence that some of the freezing is due to conditioning to permanent …

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Anticipating Adulthood: Expected Timing Of Work And Family Transitions Among Rural Youth, Lisa J. Crockett, C. Raymond Bingham Jun 2000

Anticipating Adulthood: Expected Timing Of Work And Family Transitions Among Rural Youth, Lisa J. Crockett, C. Raymond Bingham

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined family and individual processes influencing the future expectancies of adolescents (N = 345) from an economically stressed rural community. The anticipated timing and sequencing of key role transitions (school completion, job entry, marriage, and parenthood) were examined for each gender. In addition, factors contributing to individual differences in expected timing were examined, and gender differences in predictors were tested. Results indicated that rural adolescents' expectancies about adult role transitions diverged somewhat from societal norms with respect to timing. Family background and relationships, adolescents' attitudes and behaviors, and educational aspirations all contributed to individual differences in expected …

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Parental Monitoring And Adolescent Adjustment: An Ecological Perspective, Kristen C. Jacobson, Lisa J. Crockett Jun 2000

Parental Monitoring And Adolescent Adjustment: An Ecological Perspective, Kristen C. Jacobson, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study uses an ecological framework to examine the associations between parental monitoring and a variety of indicators of adolescent adjustment. Specifically, investigators examined whether higher levels of parental monitoring were associated with higher adolescent grade point average, lower levels of adolescent depression, and lower levels of adolescent sexual activity and minor delinquency, and whether these relations were moderated by gender, grade level, or mothers’ work status. Participants were 424 7th to 12th graders from a single rural school district in central Pennsylvania. Bivariate correlations indicated that parental monitoring had strong associations with all indicators of adjustment for both boys …

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"Preface" To Negotiating Adolescence In Times Of Social Change, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen Jun 2000

"Preface" To Negotiating Adolescence In Times Of Social Change, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In February 1996, a diverse group of social scientists (psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists) from Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened at the Pennsylvania State University to discuss the ways in which social change may affect adolescent development, the likely consequences for adolescent functioning and well-being, and the kinds of social interventions needed to support healthy development in a changing society. Entitled "Negotiating Adolescence in Times of Social Change," the conference was organized to consider the abrupt and more gradual social changes affecting Western industrialized countries. Drawing on the ecological and life course perspectives, we were especially interested …

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Rural Youth: Ecological And Life Course Perspectives, Lisa J. Crockett, Michael J. Shanahan, Julia Jackson-Newsom Jun 2000

Rural Youth: Ecological And Life Course Perspectives, Lisa J. Crockett, Michael J. Shanahan, Julia Jackson-Newsom

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Drawing on the themes of social change, ecological risk, and their implications for the life course, this chapter is intended as a point of departure for future research on rural adolescents. We begin by considering the basic but difficult issue of defining the ecology of rural youth, noting possible sources of risk and resilience. We then examine research on psychosocial adjustment among rural youth, identifying how they are advantaged and disadvantaged relative to other youth. Third, we turn to a central challenge facing contemporary rural youth: the need to reconcile attachments to family and place with a desire for educational …

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Social Change And Adolescent Development: Issues And Challenges, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen Jun 2000

Social Change And Adolescent Development: Issues And Challenges, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Determining the consequences of such societal-level changes for adolescent development presents formidable challenges. Social change on one or more dimensions must be documented, the complex processes through which social change may affect adolescents must be identified, and the hypothesized causal processes must be linked empirically to adolescent outcomes. In this chapter, we discuss these challenges and the conceptual issues they raise. We begin with one example of social change and use it as a springboard for discussing four questions:
1. What kinds of contextual changes are produced by social change?
2. How (through what mediating processes) do these changes affect …

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Choosing A Doctor: An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Patients’ Choice Of A Primary Care Doctor, Brian H. Bornstein, David Marcus, William Cassidy Apr 2000

Choosing A Doctor: An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Patients’ Choice Of A Primary Care Doctor, Brian H. Bornstein, David Marcus, William Cassidy

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We assessed the relative importance healthcare consumers attach to various factors in choosing a primary care doctor (PCD) in a cross-sectional, in-person survey. Three survey locations were used: doctors’ offices, a public shopping area, and meetings of a women’s organization. A total of 636 community residents, varying across major demographic categories, participated. Participants completed a 23-item survey, designed to assess which factors consumers perceive as most relevant in choosing a PCD. Participants perceived professionally relevant factors (e.g. whether the doctor is board certified, office appearance) and management practices (e.g. time to get an appointment, evening and weekend hours) as more …

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The Suggestibility Of Older Witnesses, Brian H. Bornstein, Christy J. Witt, Katie E. Cherry, Edith Greene Feb 2000

The Suggestibility Of Older Witnesses, Brian H. Bornstein, Christy J. Witt, Katie E. Cherry, Edith Greene

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study compares younger and older adult witnesses’ susceptibility to misinformation. Previous research on the misinformation effect has not measured the relationship between the effect and individuals’ perceptions of their own memory abilities. Such perceptions, and general knowledge of one’s own memory processes, are referred to as “metamemory.” In order to examine the relationship between metamemory and the misinformation effect in the present study, participants also completed a questionnaire that assessed their perception of their memory functioning. Although older persons tend to perceive their memories as being faulty, the correlation between self-assessment of memory abilities and actual memory performance …

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