Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Surface-Eroding Drug Delivery Films For Sequential And/Or Intermittent Release Of Psychoactive Drugs, Jason Price

Honors Theses

ABSTRACT JASON BLAKE PRICE: Surface-Eroding Drug Delivery Films for Sequential and/or

Intermittent Release of Psychoactive Drugs For patients with psychiatric diseases, adherence to medication schedules, medication

errors, and abuse are common issues. Promising new forms of therapy for these patients, such as micro-dosed lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), where patients receive 10-20% of a full dose every third day, present further drug delivery challenges. Sequential or intermittent release of drugs from an implanted device could ensure long-term drug compliance, automate drug dosing during the life of the implant, and eliminate potential for abuse and medication errors. To this end, we generated …

Alexithymia And Physical Outcomes In Psychosomatic Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study, Liam Alexander Mackenzie Myles, Emanuele Maria Merlo

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Backgrounds. Alexithymia is a relevant phenomenon, occurring transversally to healthy subjects and individuals affected by several conditions. Its role is considerable, according to current state of the art several conditions emerged as influenced, maintained and worsened by alexithymic structures and figures. The present study was aimed at highlighting the existing relations, the differences and the directions assumed by alexithymic factors and health status in patients affected by psychosomatic conditions. Methods. The sample consisted of 150 participants, 42 males (28.0%) and 108 females (72.0%), aged 26 to 78 years old with a mean of 42.24 years old (SD = 12.39). Subjects …

Mental Health Issues In First Responders: Their Causes And How To Help Treat Them, Anna M. Hoffnagle

English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World

In recent years mental health issues and how to deal with them has become a widely discussed topic in society. Causes and treatments tend to be major factors in the discussion, but they also tend to be far too general. The broadness of the targeted audience for these discussions often creates more issues than it solves due to treatments not being effective for every population. This paper highlights the causes of mental health issues in first responders while also discussing treatment methods designed specifically for this population that have had promising outcomes. Causes and treatments discussed are given solidity through …

Mental Health Affects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mia Kepler

English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World

Over the past year worldwide everyone has experienced the Covid-19 pandemic in one way or another. As time evolves during the pandemic mental health is getting worse every day. People are experiencing feelings of loneliness and uneasiness. Mental health professionals are trying to find solutions to this major issue in today's society. Change is needed to prevent people's mental health from worsening during these unprecedented times and to help the people who are already suffering.

Reducing Patient Risk For Suicidal Behaviors With A Safety Bundle Of Best Practices With Non-Psychiatric Patients, Olayemi Akindele

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Suicide is a public health condition that affects people globally. The increased suicidal behaviors of patients in a medical-surgical unit demanded an effective screening protocol to identify high-risk patients.

PICOT: In patients 18 years and older on a medical-surgical unit, does the implementation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) tool and application of a Safety Bundle of Best Practices (SBBP) increase early identification of suicide risk with decreased patient self-harm behaviors, compared to the current standard practice of no assessment tool or safety bundle of best practices within 12 weeks?

Evidence: Ten studies served as evidence …

1st Place Contest Entry: Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures Disorder: Treatment After The Diagnostic Odyssey, Heather Andrini, Ashley Okhovat, Sydni Au Hoy

Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize

This is Heather Andrini, Ashley Okhovat, and Sydni Au Hoy's submission for the 2021 Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize, which won first place. It contains thier essay on using library resources, a summary of their research project on psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) disorder, and their works cited list.

Heather, Ashley, and Sydni are juniors at Chapman University, majoring in Biological Sciences. Their faculty mentor is Dr. Gregory Goldsmith.

Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics And Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: Examining The Role Of Depression, Allison Sullivan, Mph

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: African American older adults have a greater risk of cognitive impairment compared to White older adults. While some research has established that neighborhoods are an important determinant of health, relatively little research has examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning among older adults. Moreover, little is known about how depression is implicated in the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning, and if racial differences exist. Thus, this thesis aims to determine the mediating and moderating role of depression in the association between perceived neighborhood characteristics and cognitive functioning in older African American and White …

The Association Between Participation In Extracurricular Activities And Adolescent Mental Health, Michael Gottfried

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

A growing number of adolescents are affected by depression, anxiety, and suicide each year, with females experiencing higher rates than males. Meanwhile, the demand for students’ time is increasing, and many participate in more extracurricular activities. This study will help answer the questions, “to what extent does participation in school-sponsored extracurricular activities impact an adolescent’s mental health?”, “to what extent does this impact vary by the type of activity?”, and “to what extent do these outcomes vary by gender?” While other studies have considered each of these variables, none look closely at all three (participation, gender, and type of activity) …

The Effect Of Melatonin On Quality Of Sleep In Patients With Sleep Disturbance Admitted To Post Coronary Care Units: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mohammad Zaman Kamkar, Mehran Mahyar, Seyedmahrokh A Maddah, Homeira Khoddam, Mahnaz Modanloo

BioMedicine

Background and Objectives: Patients with cardiovascular disease who required to be admitted in coronary care units (CCU) would have sleep deprivation. During the admission, some factors such as continuous ambient light exposure can suppress melatonin release, in consequence sleep deprivation will be occurred and hinder the progress of patients' treatment. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the sleep quality of patients admitted to post-CCU.

Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 110 patients admitted to post-CCU at SayyadeShirazi Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. Patients with a poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh …

Assessment Of Major Depressive Disorders Through Neuroimaging Studies And Their Treatment Methods, Jevetha Vijayadasan, Diksha Raghunathan, Sivakumar Rajagopal, Rahul Soangra

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Many mental disorders are caused due to improper regulation of the brain and depression is one such. It affects both children and adults and is very common among teenagers. There are many challenges clinicians face regarding the management of this disease. These challenges have prompted the development of various neuroimaging techniques that effectively diagnose the condition. The main techniques are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) which have gained momentum over the years. Advanced MRI techniques help study certain regions of the brain such as hippocampus and amygdala. Effective treatments for depression include antidepressant medications and brain …

Patterns Of Cilia Gene Dysregulations In Major Psychiatric Disorders, Wedad Alhassen, Siwei Chen, Marquis Vawter, Brianna Kay Robbins, Henry Nguyen, Thant Nyi Myint, Yumiko Saito, Anton Schulmann, Surya M. Nauli, Olivier Civelli, Pierre Baldi, Amal Alachkar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Primary cilia function as cells' antennas to detect and transduce external stimuli and play crucial roles in cell signaling and communication. The vast majority of cilia genes that are causally linked with ciliopathies are also associated with neurological deficits, such as cognitive impairments. Yet, the roles of cilia dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders have not been studied. Our aim is to identify patterns of cilia gene dysregulation in the four major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). For this purpose, we acquired differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the …

Assessment Of Stakeholder Engagement In A Down Syndrome Research Study, Jeanhee Chung, Ashwini Sarathy, Yichuan Grace Hsieh, Greg Estey, Amy Torres, Vasiliki Patsiogiannis, Karen Donelan, Brian G. Skotko

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

There is growing recognition of the importance of engaging patients early in the design of research studies. For studies involving patients with intellectual and cognitive disabilities, researchers may consider engaging with family caregivers, health professionals, community advocates, and/or subject matter experts to provide a more multifaceted, surrogate perspective. Evaluating the engagement of these stakeholder groups in research is nascent, and tools are limited. Research studies involving these individuals provide the opportunity to test new methods of measurement of stakeholder engagement in research. We conducted a 3-year research study implementing and evaluating Down Syndrome Clinic to You, an online platform for …

Nurse Practitioners’ Knowledge And Perceptions Regarding Substance Use, Audrey Bailey, Paden Dawkins, Amber Hankins, Erin Mckinney

MSN Research Projects

Substance use disorder (SUD) is an illness impacting many people today and continues to not be truly understood, even by providers. To gain a greater understanding of this issue in relation to nurse practitioners, the researchers surveyed nurse practitioners in the Southeastern United States. The goal of the study was to identify knowledge and perceptions of nurse practitioners regarding substance use and misuse. Watson’s Theory of Caring was used to guide the study. The research questions that guided this study were 1. Do nurse practitioners have a bias toward patients with substance use disorder, and 2. Do nurse practitioners believe …

Nutrition Risk And Validation Of An Hiv Disease-Specific Nutrition Screening Tool In Ghana, Lauri Wright, Maxwell Bisala Konlan, Laurene Boateng, James B. Epps

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status and the most commonly reported nutrition-related factors contributing to nutritional risk in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Ghana and the specificity and sensitivity of the Rapid Nutrition Screening for HIV disease tool (RNS-H) in this population.

Design: A cross-sectional design was utilised. Patients were screened for nutritional status during a one-week period by clinic nurses using the RNS-H. Results were compared with a comprehensive nutritional assessment by a dietitian.

Setting: The research was conducted in a public health clinic at the University of Ghana Hospital, Legon.

Subjects: …

The Association Of Menthol Cigarette Use With Any Mental Illness (Ami) And Serious Mental Illness (Smi) Among Us Smoekrs, Augustus White

Graduate Research Posters

ABSTRACT

Background: Mental illness affects 1-in-5 adults in the United States (US). Previously, those with mental illness have been shown to be 70% more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population. However, little is known regarding whether the use of menthol cigarettes (one of only two available “characterizing flavors” of cigarettes) might impact the association between tobacco use and mental illness. Such information is critical in light of the disproportionately high rate of use of menthol cigarettes observed among African American smokers, as well as to inform recent legislative proposals that seek to ban the sale of menthol cigarettes. …

The Roles Of Gsk3 And Reelin In The Modulation Of Behavioral Phenotypes Related To Bipolar Disorder: Implications For The Etiology And Treatment Of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Angel Sherpa

Pitzer Senior Theses

Deficiency of Reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein, and overactivity of GSK3, a kinase downstream of Reelin, in the brain have been associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Overexpression of Reelin inhibits GSK3 activity by phosphorylation. However, it is unclear if the inhibition of GSK3 in the forebrain is a crucial element of Reelin signaling modulating bipolar-like behaviors. To fill this gap in our understanding, my first experiment proposes to examine if Reelin-deficient mice with reduced activity of GSK3 exhibit BD-like behaviors. If inhibition of GSK3 is indeed a crucial element of Reelin signaling modulating BD-like behaviors, then Reelin-deficient mice with decreased activity …

Comparing The Trends Of Postpartum Depression Screening Scores During And Before The Covid-19 Pandemic, Elif S. Duran, Dung Dang, Tony Ogburn

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Introduction:

Postpartum depression includes major and minor depressive disorders affecting women in the time period after childbirth. The studies reviewed in our literature found that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of postpartum depression for women. Our study location, the Rio Grande Valley is one of the hardest-hit locations by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Our patient population is also one with the higher risk factors for postpartum depression. As such, we are expecting the psychological impact of the pandemic to be even more magnified, and thus, actions need to be taken to support the vulnerable population …

Risk Factors For Suicide In Bangladesh: Case-Control Psychological Autopsy Study, S M Yasir Arafat, M A. Mohit, Mohammad S I. Mullick, Russell Kabir, Murad M. Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Background: Suicide is an important, understudied public health problem in Bangladesh, where risk factors for suicide have not been investigated by case-control psychological autopsy study.
Aims: To identify the major risk factors for suicide in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: We designed a matched case-control psychological autopsy study. We conducted a semi-structured interview with the next-of-kin of 100 individuals who died by suicide and 100 living controls, matched for age, gender and area of residence. The study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020.
Results: The odds ratios for the risk factors were 15.33 (95% CI, 4.76-49.30) for the presence of …

Viability Of Physiologically Timed Relaxation Interventions In Children With Asd, Nicholas Mendez

CMC Senior Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an increasingly common developmental disorder that changes how people experience the world and affects individuals’ social interactions and often leads to many adverse behaviors. Current literature dictates that a primary contributor to these adverse behaviors is that those with ASD have difficulty determining their own emotional states and determining the physiological signals that their body sends them. A study by Dr. Sarabadani et al. determined that it was possible to monitor the physiology of an individual with ASD and correlate certain signals to emotions, such as stress. These findings indicate the feasibility of establishing a …

Stressful Life Events And Postpartum Depression, Madison E. Laurent

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Covid-19 Experience Of Young Adult Latinos In Rural California: Insights Into Mental Health & The Immigrant Health Paradox, Vivianna Plancarte

Pomona Senior Theses

This study expands the COVID-19 and Latino Immigrants in Rural California (CLIMA) Study at UC Merced by exploring how the mental health of young adult Latinos in rural CA has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing the experiences of US-born Latinos to those of Latino immigrants to investigate an Immigrant Health Paradox. A convergent mixed methods design was first employed whereby qualitative and quantitative data was collected concurrently, and then merged. Then, the data collected from young adult Latinos was compared to that from Latino immigrants collected by CLIMA Study to explore the Immigrant Health Paradox in the …

Using A Psychopharmacology Education Program To Increase Primary Care Provider Comfort With Treating Basic Psychiatric Disorders, Latesha Reed

DNP Scholarly Projects

BACKGROUND: Almost 1 in 5 people have been diagnosed with a mental health illness but the supply of psychiatric providers does not meet patient’s needs. Multiple reasons contribute to this shortage and nurse practitioners are part of the solution. Even with nurse practitioners specializing in psychiatric mental health there is still a shortage. Primary care is where most patients first present their mental health issues.

METHODS: Literature review informed the development of the educational intervention presented to the primary care providers using a digital, asynchronous learning format. A gap analysis of organizational needs and weaknesses was used to determine the …

Ability Status, Self-Advocacy, And Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Neurodiversity-Informed Training For Professionals And Caregivers, Allison N. Simpson

Psychology Doctoral Specialization Projects

Ability status in U.S. society is a critical social and cultural identity. “Disability” is often viewed through the lens of pathology as an illness. This kind of view affects not only the personal identity of individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities, but also their treatment by others in the community, employers, caregivers, and others in their system of interaction. Even individuals who are strong self-advocates can be silenced by this kind of lens. A more empowering way to view individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities is through the lens of neurodiversity in order to see their abilities, needs, wishes, and lives. The current project …

The Efficacy Of Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared To The Efficacy Of Traditional Psychotherapy In Treating Anxiety-Related Symptoms In 18–40-Year-Old Adults Diagnosed With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd), Blake Beasley

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: MDMA, or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is a psychoactive chemical which stimulates the release of serotonin, oxytocin, prolactin, and cortisol. Up until it became a Schedule I drug in 1985, making the chemical completely illegal in the US, MDMA was used as an “adjunct to the therapeutic process” in therapeutic settings, though no known controlled therapeutic studies were performed up until that point. More recently, research has been conducted studying the effects of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy on helping to eliminate the fear responses common in patients afflicted with PTSD. Some researchers have further hypothesized that MDMA has a stronger, longer lasting effect …

Naloxone/Buprenorphine, Methadone, Naltrexone And Their Role In Medication Assisted Treatment, Robert Barrett

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an increasingly common diagnosis that has drastically increased in the last 5 years. Though multiple treatment modalities exist for treating OUD (naltrexone, buprenorphine, methadone), few studies have compared treatment outcomes in adults on long term therapy. This is an important topic to understand as providers as we will undoubtedly come into contact with patients either actively abusing opioid antagonists or in recovery from opioid abuse. Since the introduction of Oxycontin and subsequent over prescription of opioid analgesics, opioid overdoses have increased by over twelve-fold. Once providers began to realize a widespread pattern of abuse, …

The Effects Of Psychological Intervention On Pregnant Women With Elevated Cortisol Levels And Adverse Birth Events, Megan Mellon

Capstone Showcase

Elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy are thought to influence cortisol levels. Dysregulations in cortisol, as a byproduct of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, have been associated with preterm birth and adverse birth outcomes. Studies have demonstrated poorer long-term effects of antenatal stress on child neurodevelopment, temperament, and cognition. Psychological interventions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and gratitude have shown to have a positive effect on psychological wellbeing across various populations. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze a collection of randomized-controlled trials to conclude if psychological interventions during pregnancy for women with elevated levels of …

A Systematic Review Of Culturally Sensitive Interventions For Ethnic Minority Elders With Mental Illness, Sarah Littlefield, Rosalinda Villareal

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Honors Research Proposal

Goals and Objectives

Our systematic review asks the question: In ethnic minority elders with mental illness, how does culturally sensitive care, compared to current practices, affect patient outcomes? Our project goal is identifying evidence based practice with the goal of improving patient outcomes for ethnic minority elders with mental illnesses.

Methodology:

We will compile evidence from 20 current peer-reviewed studies. These studies will be selected from the CINAHL Plus med database, and key search terms will include: culturally sensitive care, culture, ethnic, mental health, intervention. All selected articles will be current within the last five years.

Outcomes: …

A Cross Sectional Study On Resilience And Coping Strategies Among Medical Officers During The Covid-19 Pandemic And It's Association With Depression And Anxiety, Rahul Yong Wern Kean

Student Works (2020-2029)

Introduction: The mental well-being of medical officers during the Covid-19 pandemic is becoming an increasing concern. The on-going pandemic has drastically increased work demands for doctors and this resulted in high levels of stress, depression and burnout among medical officers. Objectives: This study aims to determine the patterns of resilience and coping strategies of front-line medical officers during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as their association with depression and anxiety. Study design: This is a single center, cross sectional study on Covid-19 front-line medical officers posted in medical wards in Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Seremban. The instruments used were a sociodemographic …

Precarious Enjoyment: Suicide Contra Schizophrenia, Mohammed Rawwas

Honors Program Theses

Mainstream psychology denies the unconscious, and is therefore unequipped to properly address the problematic of mental health, instead providing the coordinates for the symptom-formation of mental unwellness as a reaction to the inherent split of the subject, through the installation of the myth of the self-identical I. This same myth is perpetuated through capitalist individualism and the imperative to enjoy, and in the University through the discourse of science. The aim of psychoanalysis is to traverse the fantasy of this symptom-formation, and return the split to the subject. Finally, suicide is posited as the inevitable result of a self-identical notion …

A Hopeless Illness Representation Style: Examining Chronic Illness And Depression With Coping As A Mediator, Dana Arnold

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The self-regulation theory of illness representations (Leventhal et al., 2003) and the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson et al., 1989) were used to observe how hopeless illness representations, depression, and coping styles interact. 238 participants with a chronic illness lasting three months or more were observed through the VOICE (Verification of Illness and Coping Experience) survey. Mediation was used to analyze the relationship between hopeless illness representations and depression, with passive coping as the mediator. All regressions in the mediation analysis were significant, and partial mediation was found. Patients with hopeless illness representations were more likely to use passive coping …