Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Addition Of Levalbuterol To A Pediatric Emergency Department Automated Medication Management System Does Not Increase Its Use., Gregory P. Conners, Daniel P. Hays, Thomas Richardson, Frank L. Zwemer

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Although adding a drug to an emergency department-based automated medication management system is known to increase how frequently it is ordered, little is known about this effect when the added drug does not offer substantial benefit over a substitute drug that was already available.

AIMS: We studied the effect of adding nebulized levalbuterol to a pediatric emergency department-based automated medication management system that already included albuterol.

METHODS: All completed orders for nebulized levalbuterol or nebulized albuterol from our academic pediatric emergency department were retrospectively identified using a computerized pharmacy database. We compared ordering of these drugs for the year …

Challenges Predicting Ligand-Receptor Interactions Of Promiscuous Proteins: The Nuclear Receptor Pxr., Sean Ekins, Sandhya Kortagere, Manisha Iyer, Erica J. Reschly, Markus A. Lill, Matthew R. Redinbo, Matthew D. Krasowski

Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Faculty Publications

Transcriptional regulation of some genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification and apoptosis is performed via the human pregnane X receptor (PXR) which in turn is activated by structurally diverse agonists including steroid hormones. Activation of PXR has the potential to initiate adverse effects, altering drug pharmacokinetics or perturbing physiological processes. Reliable computational prediction of PXR agonists would be valuable for pharmaceutical and toxicological research. There has been limited success with structure-based modeling approaches to predict human PXR activators. Slightly better success has been achieved with ligand-based modeling methods including quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, pharmacophore modeling and machine learning. In this …

Manganese Flux Across The Blood-Brain Barrier, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Manganese (Mn) is essential for brain growth and metabolism, but in excess can be a neurotoxicant. The chemical form (species) of Mn influences its kinetics and toxicity. Significant Mn species entering the brain are the Mn²⁺ ion and Mn citrate which, along with Mn transferrin, enter the brain by carrier-mediated processes. Although the divalent metal transporter (DMT-1) was suggested to be a candidate for brain Mn uptake, brain Mn influx was not different in Belgrade rats, which do not express functional DMT-1, compared to controls. Brain Mn influx was not sodium dependent or dependent on ATP hydrolysis, but was …

Application Of Different Bioanalytical Workflows For Proteomics Of Prostate Cancer, Li Chen

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

In the current dissertation, we focused on the development and application of multiple mass spectrometry-based bioanalytical platforms for phosphoproteomic characterization in cell culture and clinical specimens of prostate cancer; and on the application of optimized methods to analysis of differential protein expression to reveal molecular mechanism of drug action in animal model of prostate cancer.

Characterization of the phosphoproteome in prostate cancer

Our study in phosphoprotein signatures on a large scale in prostate cancer focused on the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line, and on human prostate cancer tissue.

For the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, we applied a combination …

Pharmaceutical Direct-To-Consumer Advertising And Print Media, Vanessa Khim

Graphic Communication

The purpose of this study was to determine which type of pharmaceutical direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising would be the best marketing strategy for pharmaceutical companies to use. The main argument was that one-to-one marketing in the forms of print media and the Internet was the best strategy over mass media marketing in the forms of television and radio.

The study researched various literary sources on the different marketing strategies which facilitated in examining the positive and negative aspects of each. One hundred surveys were distributed to medical personnel and pharmaceutical prescription consumers in both the Bay Area and San Luis Obispo …

Preferences And Willingness To Pay For Osteoarthritis Treatments Among The Medicare Population, Meghan Alexis Hufstader

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The design of this study is a non-random cross sectional survey to determine Medicare beneficiaries’ preferences and willingness to pay for osteoarthritis (OA) treatments. The population of interest in this study is the Medicare eligible (over age 65) population in Memphis, TN, and surrounding cities. Data were collected at Senior Centers and one internal medicine practice. The sample size was 181.

Choice-based conjoint analysis technique was utilized. The preferences and willingness to pay were determined using choice-based conjoint analysis, advanced design module with a dual-response none option. Choice-based conjoint analysis uses computer guided surveys to elicit patient preference for a …

Quantitative Analysis Of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamine In Human Urine Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers As A Potential Tool For Cancer Risk Assessment, Kumar Shah

Theses and Dissertations

Measuring urinary tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide conjugate may provide the best biomarker of tobacco smoke lung carcinogen metabolism. Existence of differences in the extent of NNAL metabolism rates may be potentially related to an individuals’ lung cancer susceptibility. Low concentrations of NNAL in smokers urine (<1 ng/mL) require sensitive and selective methods for analysis. Traditionally, this involves extensive, time-consuming sample preparation that limits throughput and adds to measurement variability. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been developed for the analysis of urinary NNAL by offline cartridge extraction combined with LC-MS/MS. This method when reproduced demonstrated problems with matrix effects. In the first part of this work, investigation of matrix effects and related problems with sensitivity for the published offline extraction method has been conducted. In order to address the need to improve throughput and other analytical figures of merit for the original method, the second part of this work deals with development of a high-throughput online microfluidic method using capillary-columns packed with MIP beads for the analysis of urinary NNAL. The method was validated as per the FDA guidance, and enabled low volume, rapid analysis of urinary NNAL by direct injection on a microfluidic column packed with NNAL specific MIP beads. The method was used for analysis of urinary NNAL and NNAL-Gluc in smokers. Chemometric methods were used with this data to develop a potential cancer-risk-assessment tool based on pattern recognition in the concentrations of these compounds in urine. In the last part, method comparison approaches for the online and the offline sample extraction techniques were investigated. A ‘fixed’ range acceptance criterion based on combined considerations of method precision and accuracy, and the FDA bioanalytical guidance limits on precision and accuracy was proposed. Data simulations studies to evaluate the probabilities of successful transfers using the proposed criteria were performed. Various experimental designs were evaluated and a design comprised of 3 runs with 3 replicates each with an acceptance range of ±20% was found appropriate. The off-line and the on-line sample extraction methods for NNAL analysis were found comparable using the proposed fixed range acceptance criteria.

Doxorubicin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticulate Delivery System To Overcome Drug Resistance In Osteosarcoma, Michiro Susa, Arun K. Iyer, Keinosuke Ryu, Francis J. Hornicek, Henry Mankin, Mansoor M. Amiji, Zhenfeng Duan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Drug resistance is a primary hindrance for the efficiency of chemotherapy against osteosarcoma. Although chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients dramatically after introduction of neo-adjuvant therapy in the early 1980's, the outcome has since reached plateau at approximately 70% for 5 year survival. The remaining 30% of the patients eventually develop resistance to multiple types of chemotherapy. In order to overcome both the dose-limiting side effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and the therapeutic failure incurred from multidrug resistant (MDR) tumor cells, we explored the possibility of loading doxorubicin onto biocompatible, lipid-modified dextran-based polymeric nanoparticles and evaluated the …

Pharmacy Newsletter : November 2009, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Pharmacy News
• FDA Alerts
• Drug Safety Updates
• Swine Flu Update
• European Migraine Guidelines Update

Smoking Cessation Agents And Suicide, Jill E. Lavigne

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

The risk is uncertain, so patients should make an informed decision.

Subconjunctivally Implantable Hydrogels With Degradable And Thermoresponsive Properties For Sustained Release Of Insulin To The Retina., Gauri P. Misra, Ravi S.J. Singh, Tomas S. Aleman, Samuel G. Jacobson, Thomas W. Gardner, Tao L. Lowe

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

The objective of this work is to develop subconjunctivally implantable, biodegradable hydrogels for sustained release of intact insulin to the retina to prevent and treat retinal neurovascular degeneration such as diabetic retinopathy. The hydrogels are synthesized by UV photopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) monomer and a dextran macromer containing multiple hydrolytically degradable oligolactate-(2-hydroxyetheyl methacrylate) units (Dex-lactateHEMA) in 25:75 (v:v) ethanol:water mixture solvent. Insulin is loaded into the hydrogels during the synthesis process with loading efficiency up to 98%. The hydrogels can release biologically active insulin in vitro for at least one week and the release kinetics can be modulated by varying …

Impact Of Statin Therapy On Outcomes In Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients, Abdulkhaliq Alsalman

Theses and Dissertations

There is conflicting data on the effects of statins on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. In this retrospective cohort study, patients were divided into those who received pravastatin (PRAV group) 40mg/d and those who did not (NP group). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Eighty-one patients met inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant decreased in the incidence of vasospasm in the PRAV group; however, this association did not retain significance after adjusting for WFNS, race, elevated WBC, and clipping (59% PRAV vs. 88% NP, p=0.08). There was no statistically significant difference in …

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial To Evaluate 4% Liposomal Lidocaine Cream On Pain And Anxiety During Venipuncture In Pediatric Patients Who Present To The Ed, Jenny Boucher, Valerie Rupp Rn, Bsn, Joanna L. Bokovoy Drph, Rn, Scott Hamilton, Kimberly Hamilton Ba, Scott M. Brenner Md, Kevin Weaver Do

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Assembly Of Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Gpc In Detergent-Soluble Membrane Microdomains, Sudhakar S. Agnihothram, Brooke Dancho, Kenneth W. Grant, Mark L. Grimes, Douglas S. Lyles, Jack H. Nunberg

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The family Arenaviridae includes a number of highly pathogenic viruses that are responsible for acute hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Genetic diversity among arenavirus species in their respective rodent hosts supports the continued emergence of new pathogens. In the absence of available vaccines or therapeutic agents, the hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses remain a serious public health and biodefense concern. Arenaviruses are enveloped virions that assemble and bud from the plasma membrane. In this study, we have characterized the microdomain organization of the virus envelope glycoprotein (GPC) on the cell surface by using immunogold electron microscopy. We find that Junin virus (JUNV) GPC …

Development And Implementation Of A Heparin‐Induced Thrombocytopenia Pathway In A Trauma Icu, Kathryn A. Connor, G. Christopher Wood, Joseph M. Swanson, Bradley A. Boucher

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Airway Smooth Muscle As An Immunomodulatory Cell., Gautam Damera, Omar Tliba, Reynold A. Panettieri, Jr.

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Although pivotal in regulating bronchomotor tone in asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) also modulates airway inflammation in asthma. ASM myocytes secrete or express a wide array of immunomodulatory mediators in response to extracellular stimuli, and in chronic severe asthma, increases in ASM mass may also render the airway irreversibly obstructed. Although the mechanisms by which ASM secretes cytokines and chemokines are shared with those regulating immune cells, there exist unique ASM signaling pathways that may provide novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the proliferative as well as synthetic properties of ASM.

Transcriptional Regulation Of Cytokine Function In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells., Deborah Clarke, Gautam Damera, Maria B. Sukkar, Omar Tliba

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

The immuno-modulatory properties of airway smooth muscle have become of increasing importance in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation and structural remodeling of the airway wall in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ASM cells respond to many cytokines, growth factors and lipid mediators to produce a wide array of immuno-modulatory molecules which may in turn orchestrate and perpetuate the disease process in asthma and COPD. Despite numerous studies of the cellular effects of cytokines on cultured ASM, few have identified intracellular signaling pathways by which cytokines modulate or induce these cellular responses. In this review we …

Research News: 2009, No. 2, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants, publications, technology transfer, special announcements

High-Level Chromate Resistance In Arthrobacter Sp. Strain Fb24 Requires Previously Uncharacterized Accessory Genes, K. L. Henne, C. H. Nakatsu, D. K. Thompson, A. E. Konopka

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Renin Angiotensin System Inhibition On Cardiovascular Sequelae In Elderly Hypertensive Patients With Insulin Resistance, Hala Zreikat

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Insulin resistance may play a pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Resistance to insulin has been associated with obesity, hypertension, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The constellation of these features among insulin resistant subjects has been called the metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases with age and is most common in the elderly. Different criteria have been proposed to define the metabolic syndrome (ATP, WHO, AACE, EGIR). Current management of metabolic syndrome focuses on the specific risk factors that the patient may have without targeting the underlying insulin resistance. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin …

Compositions Comprising Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Adsorbed To The Surface Of Anionic Nanoparticles, Russell J. Mumper, Jerold Woodward, Zhengrong Cui, Avindra Nath

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Non-denatured, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat that is free of bacterial RNA and endotoxin is employed in an anti-HIV vaccine. A process of producing the recombinant Tat protein includes steps for removing bacterial RNA from the recombinant Tat and for removing endotoxin from the recombinant Tat protein. A Tat-adsorbed nanoparticle formulation and method of making the same. A method of vaccinating against and/or treating HIV infection comprises administering to a subject in need of such vaccination or treatment an immune-response inducing effective amount of the recombinant Tat protein.

Effects Of Genetic Deficiency Of Cyclooxygenase-1 Or Cyclooxygenase-2 On Functional And Histological Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury In Mice, Matthew L. Kelso, Stephen W. Scheff, James R. Pauly, Charles D. Loftin

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of acute CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although prostaglandin lipid mediators of inflammation contribute to a variety of inflammatory responses, their importance in neuroinflammation is not clear. There are conflicting reports as to the efficacy of inhibiting the enzymes required for prostaglandin formation, cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and COX-2, for improving outcomes following TBI. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of the COX isoforms in contributing to pathological processes resulting from TBI by utilizing mice deficient in COX-1 or COX-2.

RESULTS: Following a mild controlled cortical impact injury, …

Identification Of Clinical, Laboratory And Genetic Covariates For Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy And Toxicity Of Sorafenib In Patients With Solid Tumors, Lokesh Jain

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this research work was to understand the clinical-pharmacology based treatment approaches for sorafenib. Treatment with sorafenib is associated with high inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetic exposures, efficacy and toxicity. We explored the demographic, laboratory, clinical and pharmacogenetic factors to elucidate the sources of variability. In addition, we examined the impact of pharmacogenetic variation in VEGFR2, an important mediator of the VEGF pathway, on risk of prostate cancer. To support these investigations, (mainly single-dose) pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic, efficacy and toxicity information were collected from patients with solid tumors, enrolled in five phase I / II clinical trials at National Cancer …

Nutrition Support Therapy In Acute Kidney Injury: Distinguishing Dogma From Good Practice, Jane M. Gervasio, Ann B. Cotton

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently observed complication in critically ill patients. Its presentation may range from the early risk of renal dysfunction to complete renal failure. Morbidity and mortality in the AKI patient increase with the decline of renal function. Appropriate nutrition therapy is essential in the medical management of the AKI patient. Assessment of nutritional requirements should take into account the patient’s underlying complication, comorbid medical conditions, and severity of the renal dysfunction. Various stages of AKI determine the direction of nutrition therapy. Additionally, understanding the macro- and micronutrient modifications and electrolyte and vitamin alterations that should …

Muc1 Is A Downstream Target Of Stat3 And Regulates Lung Cancer Cell Survival And Invasion, Jingchun Gao, Matthew J. Mcconnell, Bin Yu, Jiannong Li, Justin M. Balko, Esther P. Black, Joseph O. Johnson, Mark C. Lloyd, Soner Altiok, Eric B. Haura

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in human cancer including lung cancer and has been implicated in transformation, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. One putative downstream gene regulated by Stat3 is MUC1 which also has important roles in tumorigenesis. We determined if Stat3 regulates MUC1 in lung cancer cell lines and what function MUC1 plays in lung cancer cell biology. We examined MUC1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and found high levels of MUC1 protein expression associated with higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3. STAT3 knockdown downregulated MUC1 expression whereas constitutive STAT3 expression …

Effect Of The Dietary Supplement Meltdown On Catecholamine Secretion, Markers Of Lipolysis, And Metabolic Rate In Men And Women: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross­Over Study, Richard Bloomer, Robert Canale, Megan Blankenship, Kelley Hammond, Kelsey Fisher-Wellman, Brian Schilling

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Age-Related Differences In In-Vitro Sensitivity To Inhibition Of Human Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase And Plasma Butyrylcholinesterase By The Cholinesterase Inhibitors Physostigmine (Phys), Pyridostigmine (Pyr), Donepezil (Don) And Galantamine (Gal), David Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized clinically by a progressive loss of memory, cognitive function, ability to care for oneself and psychiatric symptoms. First-line agents for the treatment of AD are ChE inhibitors (DON, GAL), whose modest clinical efficacy and the high incidence of dose-limiting toxicities limit their clinical utility. In addition to AD, ChE inhibitors (PYR) are used for other medical conditions, such as myasthenia gravis (MG). Furthermore, ChE inhibitors (PYR) are used by military personnel prophylactically if impending exposure to chemical warfare agents, e.g., soman, is suspected. The purpose of this research project was …

To Evaluate The Level Of Agreement Between Two Self-Reported Medication Adherence Scales And Prescription Refill Records In Older Adults, Priyanka Kakad

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To evaluate the level of agreement between two self-reported medication adherence scales and prescription refill records in older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Imperial Plaza; a retirement community located in Richmond, Virginia. Participants: 32 independent-living older adults, taking anti-hypertensive medications and filling their prescriptions at on-site Plaza Professional Pharmacy were recruited in the study. Methods: Participants’ 6 months refill records were obtained and Medication Possession Ration (MPR) was calculated. Participants were interviewed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) & Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ). Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the level of agreement. Results: Poor level of agreement was …

Why Patients Need Protection From The Sun, M. O. Faruk Khan, W. Steve Pray

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Sunlight has been thought to be beneficial in recent decades, a time in which widespread tanning has become the norm. However, some patients’ quest for the perfect tan may lead them to permanent disfigurement and early death due to the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

2009 Apothecary, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Apothecary

The 2009 issue of the Apothecary was made possible by the generous financial contributions of the Southwestern College of Pharmacy alumni, as well as many companies and stores. We greatly appreciate your continued support.