Organisms Commons^™

Hospital-Based Surveillance Of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease And Pneumonia In South Bangalore, India., R Nisarga, R Premalatha, Shivananda, Kl Ravikumar, U Shivappa, A Gopi, Sb Chikkadasarahalli, R Batuwanthudawe, Paul E. Kilgore, Sa Kim, I Balter, S Jouve, J Ye, M Moscariello

Paul E. Kilgore

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia, distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility in children aged 28 days to <60 months. DESIGN: Hospital-based surveillance. SETTING: South Bangalore, India. PARTICIPANTS: 9950 children aged 28 days to <60 months with clinical suspicion of invasive pneumococcal disease or pneumonia. RESULTS: The estimated at-risk population included 224,966 children <5 years of age. Forty cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were identified. Estimated invasive pneumococcal disease incidence was 17.8/100,000 with incidence being highest among children aged 6 months to <12 months (49.9/100,000). Clinical pneumonia syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis (12.5/100,000). Pneumococcal serotypes included: 6A (n=6, 16.7%); 14 (n=5, 13.9%); 5 (n=4, 11.1%); 6B (n=4, 11.1%); 1, 18C, and 19A (n=3 each, 8.3%); 9V (n=2, 5.6%); and 3, 4, 10C, 18A, 18F, and 19F (n=1 each, 2.8%). Serotypes 6A, 14, 6B, 1, 18C, 19A, 9V, 4, 10C, and 18A showed antibiotic resistance. Clinical pneumonia incidence was 2109/100,000, with incidence being highest among children aged 28 days to <6 months (5033/100,000). Chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia incidence was 1114/100,000, with incidence being highest among children aged 28 days to <6 months (2413/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia were found to be common causes of morbidity in young children living in South Bangalore, India.

Clinical Evaluation Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay For Rapid Detection Of Neisseria Meningitidis In Cerebrospinal Fluid, Paul E. Kilgore

Paul E. Kilgore

BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading causative agent of bacterial meningitis in humans. Traditionally, meningococcal meningitis has been diagnosed by bacterial culture. However, isolation of bacteria from patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is time consuming and sometimes yields negative results. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic methods of detecting Nm have been considered the gold standard because of their superior sensitivity and specificity compared with culture. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and evaluated its ability to detect Nm in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a meningococcal LAMP assay (Nm LAMP) that targets …

Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

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Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

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Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

111

Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

111

Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

111

Banshidhar Sahu, Banshi Dhar Sahu Mr

banshi dhar sahu mr

111

Bugs In The News: Arbovirus And Hantavirus, Richard N. Bradley

Richard N Bradley

The objectives of this presentation are:

(1) Recognize zoonotic infections of public health importance that are currently in the news

(2) Understand the clinical presentations of arbovirus and hantavirus

(3) Describe actions a physician should take when suspecting one of these infections

Sars, Richard N. Bradley

Richard N Bradley

Description: Viral infection of the human respiratory tract.

Causes: Infection by SARS-associated coronavirus.

Risk Factors: Direct, close contact with someone who is infected.

Symptoms: Fever over 38° C, headache, body aches, dry cough, an overall feeling of discomfort, and pneumonia.

Diagnosis: Laboratory tests of blood, nasal secretions or faeces.

Treatments: Experimental use of antiviral treatments. No approved treatments are available yet.

Pathogenesis: Humans lack immunity to SARS-CoV and severe symptoms develop quickly.

Prevention: Good hygiene practices such as frequent hand washing and covering one’s mouth with a tissue when sneezing.

Epidemiology: Slightly over 8,000 cases occurred worldwide between November 2002 …

Sera Of Iga Nephropathy Patients Contain A Heterogeneous Population Of Relatively Cationic Alpha-Heavy Chains, Onn Haji Hashim

Onn Haji Hashim

Sera of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients and normal subjects were analysed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Densitometric analysis of the 2-D gels of IgAN patients and normal subjects revealed that their protein maps were comparable. There was no shift of pI values in the major alpha-heavy chain spots. However, the volume of the alpha-heavy chain bands were differently distributed. Distribution was significantly lower at the anionic region in IgAN patients (mean anionic:cationic ratio of 1.184 +/- 0.311) as compared to normal healthy controls (mean anionic:cationic ratio of 2.139 +/- 0.538). Our data are in support of the previously reported findings …

Galactose-Binding Lectin From The Seeds Of Champedak (Artocarpus Integer): Sequences Of Its Subunits And Interactions With Human Serum O-Glycosylated Glycoproteins, Onn Haji Hashim

Onn Haji Hashim

Our group has previously reported the isolation, partial characterisation, and application of a Galbeta1-3GalNAc- and IgA1-reactive lectin from the seeds of champedak (Artocarpus integer). In the present study, we have subjected the purified lectin to reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced its subunits. Determination of the N-terminal sequence of the first 47 residues of the large subunit demonstrated at least 95% homology to the N-terminal sequence of the alpha chains of a few other galactose-binding Artocarpus lectins, The two smaller subunits of the lectin, each comprised of 21 amino acid residues, demonstrated minor sequence variability. Their sequences were generally …

Isolation Of A Mannose-Binding And Ige- And Igm-Reactive Lectin From The Seeds Of Artocarpus Integer, Onn Haji Hashim

Onn Haji Hashim

A mannose-binding lectin, termed champedak lectin-M, was isolated from an extract of the crude seeds of champedak (Artocarpus integer). On gel filtration chromatography, the lectin eluted in a single peak at elution volumes corresponding to 64 kDa, SDS-PAGE showed the mannose-binding lectin to be composed of 16.8 kDa polypeptides with some of the polypeptides being disulphide-linked to give dimers. When tested with all isotypes of immunoglobulins, champedak lectin-M demonstrated a selective strong interaction with human IgE and IgM, and a weak interaction with IgA2, The binding interactions of lectin-M were metal ion independent. The lectin was also shown to interact …