Maternal, Child Health and Neonatal Nursing Commons^™

Estimating The Number Of Hospital Beds For The Care Of Sick And Small Newborns: An Evidence-Based Systematic Approach, Bireshwar Sinha, Mohan Kumar, Deena Thomas, Natalie Strobel, Gagan Gupta, Karen Edmond, M. Jeeva Sankar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Current recommendations for neonatal bed requirements are largely assumption-based rather than data-driven. We aimed to estimate the number of beds per 1000 live births needed for the care of small and sick newborns. Methods We first extracted data from studies published between 2018 and May 2023. Then, due to considerable heterogeneity in the data, we performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to estimate the number of neonatal admissions and the length of stay. We divided the total patient days (admission rate multiplied by the length of stay) by 365 to estimate the annual number of beds per …

Determinants Of Short Interpregnancy Intervals In High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, J. Dunne, D. Foo, J. Jancey, G. Pereira, B. Kefale, D. G. Belay, G. Dhamrait, A. T. Gebremedhin, K. B. Mruts, S. D. Nyadanu, A. Roy, G. A. Tessema

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) of <6–18 months are associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes. This study aimed to identify the individual, relationship, community, and societal factors that influence short IPIs in high-income countries. A comprehensive search was undertaken in CINAHL Plus, Ovid/EMBASE, Ovid/MEDLINE, Ovid/PsycINFO, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published in English from 1st January 1990 to 26th October 2023. Studies were included if they reported an effect estimate of at least one determinant of pregnancy spacing in a high-income country. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool. Multi-level factors at the individual, relationship, community, and societal level were systematically identified through the socio-ecological model. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020176311). Of 2005 unique articles, 220 were identified for full-text review, and 55 met the inclusion criteria representing a total of 27,103,055 women from 13 high-income countries. All the included studies were deemed to be of moderate to high quality. Most of the studies reported determinants of short IPI at the individual level, with non-use of contraception the most common reported factor. Peer influence was a factor at the relationship level, and access to health care and reproductive services were impactful at the community and societal levels, respectively. Future research and efforts should support the development and implementation of policies and practices that support optimum pregnancy spacing from a comprehensive socio-ecological position.

Traditional And Non-Traditional Behavioral Tests Demonstrate The Attenuation Of Cognitive Deficits By Therapeutic Hypothermia In A Rat Model Of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Angela Saadat, Cortney Kaszowski, Haree Pallera, Frank Lattanzio, Richard A. Britten, Asna Sulaiman, Stephanie Newman, Alireza Hosseini, Tushar Shah

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is neurological disease caused by the deprivation of oxygen and blood flow to the brain during the developmentally-critical perinatal period. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard of care treatment for HIE, though cognitive deficits can persistent throughout life despite treatment. The nature of these deficits, and the impacts of TH and sex are not well understood, and this presents a key barrier in the development of novel therapeutics.

Methods: The goal of this study was to enhance the characterization and measurement of cognitive outcomes with tasks that measure spontaneous behaviors in a rodent models of …

Quality Over Quantity: Doula Perspectives On Equity, Access, And Quality Of Care In Black Maternal Health Outcomes, Terry-Ann E. Lynch

West Chester University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Final Projects

Black maternal mortality in the United States is a public health crisis. There are a plethora of reasons as to why maternal and fetal deaths disproportionately impact Black women. From a public health perspective, health disparities are an area of concern in marginalized communities, with Black maternal mortality being a risk factor. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2021, the maternal mortality rate for non-Hispanic Black (subsequently, Black) women was 69.9 deaths per 100,000 live births, 2.6 times the rate for non-Hispanic White (subsequently, White) women (26.6)” Maternal Mortality Rates in the United States, 2021” …

“But The Trauma Did Not Fade Away” Childhood Sexual Abuse, Adolescent Pregnancy, And Rurality, Cynthia H. Mcniss

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent pregnancy are critical public health issues that intersect in complex ways, particularly in rural areas. Adolescents who have experienced CSA are at a significantly higher risk of becoming pregnant before the age of 19 compared to their peers without such a history (Madigan et al., 2014). Rurality is also associated with elevated rates of adolescent pregnancy due to various socio-economic and healthcare access challenges ("Rural Health Information Hub," 2024). This study employed a grounded theory approach to develop a comprehensive understanding of the social and psychosocial processes influencing the choices, actions, and decisions of …

A Program To Support Kangaroo Care Of Preterm Infants In The Nicu For The Caregivers, Katherine Blake Carby Cooksey, Mary Jan Greer, Debbie Johnson

Fall 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

This presentation is about an educational program developed to help educate the caregivers about kangaroo care while their baby is in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This program is to emphasis in the occupations of social interaction and family involvement with kangaroo care. Caregivers/parents are able to learn about the what kangaroo care is, the different type methods of kangaroo care, the benefits of kangaroo care, the importance of kangaroo care while being in the NICU. This program development for the caregivers is able to help with their journaling experience while in the NICU and adjusting kangaroo care into …

Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences And Infant Visual-Limbic White Matter Development, Catherine H. Demers, Benjamin L. Hankin, Mercedes Hoeflich Haase, Erin Todd, M. Camille Hoffman, C. Neill Epperson, Martin A. Styner, Elysia Poggi Davis

Psychology: Faculty Scholarship

Background

Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are robust predictors of mental health for both the exposed individual and the next generation; however, the pathway through which such intergenerational risk is conferred remains unknown. The current study evaluated the association between maternal ACEs and infant brain development, including an a priori focus on circuits implicated in emotional and sensory processing.

Methods

The sample included 101 mother-infant dyads from a longitudinal study. Maternal ACEs were assessed with the Adverse Childhood Questionnaire dichotomized into low (0 or 1) and high (≥2) groups. White matter microstructure, as indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA), was assessed …

Journey To Baby-Friendly: Standardizing Patient Breastfeeding Education In The Postpartum Microsystem, Emily Korwin

Master's Projects and Capstones

Problem Low breastfeeding rates remain a global challenge and a cause of adverse infant health outcomes despite the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. In response, UNICEF and the WHO developed the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding for infant growth and development. Context Hospital A is a mid-size hospital in Northern California. It has 24 labor, 13 antepartum, and 33 postpartum beds and serves a diverse population of patients. Intervention After a literature review, microsystem assessment, stakeholder survey, and root cause analysis, a standardized infant feeding nurse patient education checklist was developed and aligned with Baby-Friendly teaching …

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Becoming Baby-Friendly Designated, Krystal Angelique Mora

Master's Projects and Capstones

Section I: Abstract

Problem Despite efforts to increase breastfeeding rates, the influence of formula companies has contributed to the decrease in rates, affecting the health outcomes of infants. In response, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) introduced standardized education for nursing staff to support infant growth and development. Context Hospital A Birth Center is a 33-bed culturally diverse unit that provides care to mothers in Northern California, delivering approximately 7,400 babies each year and helping patients transition into motherhood. Aim The quality improvement project aims to enhance the retention of BFHI-aligned education provided during hospitalization by 26.2%, raising retention rates among …

Journey To Baby-Friendly Designation: Standardizing Infant Feeding Education, Jasmine Geronimo Ibay

Master's Projects and Capstones

Problem The influence of formula companies in hospitals has caused a decrease in national breastfeeding rates, increasing risks of adverse health outcomes among infants. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) launched the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in 1991 to support breastfeeding practices for infant development and eliminate commercial interests of formula companies from hospitals. Context The quality improvement (QI) project was conducted at Hospital A’s Birth Center, serving a diverse population of patients in the greater East Bay of Northern California. The microsystem has 24 labor beds, 13 antepartum beds, and 33 …

Optimizing Peripartum Bedside Reports Through Patient-Centered Communication, Harpreet Kaur

Master's Projects and Capstones

Abstract

Background Effective patient-centered communication (PCC) during bedside shift reports (BSR) is crucial in peripartum care, where patients face physical recovery and emotional adjustment. However, communication gaps during transitions from labor and delivery (L&D) to postpartum (PP) units can lead to patient dissatisfaction and misinterpretation of care instructions. Hospital A, an urban tertiary care medical center in San Francisco, operates a peripartum mesosystem across two floors with 35 dedicated beds. Aim The project aims to increase patient satisfaction by implementing patient-centered language in bedside reports for peripartum units from 70% to 80% for a three-week period. Methods Stakeholder engagement, a …

Patient-Centered Language During Peripartum Bedside Reports, Krystal H. Nguyen

Master's Projects and Capstones

Problem Using complex medical language that excludes the patient can result in lower patient satisfaction, increased miscommunication, and heightened anxiety for patients. Hospital A’s peripartum mesosystem currently does not have a training on the use of patient-centered language during labor and delivery (L&D) patient transfers to postpartum (PP). Context Hospital A is an urban tertiary care medical center located in the Bay Area, with its peripartum mesosystem consisting of 35 L&D and postpartum beds distributed across two floors. Intervention Through analysis of stakeholder engagement, an ongoing literature review and a mesosystem needs assessment, potential barriers to implement patient-centered language in …

Developing A Trauma-Informed Family-Centered Care Toolkit For Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses, Sonja A. Alli-Casella

DNP Qualifying Manuscripts

Background: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be a stressful, traumatizing, or re-traumatizing experience for parents of critically ill newborns and infants.

Problem: NICU nurses and other healthcare providers may not realize their impact on parental stress responses as neonatal care providers may not have adequate training to support adults experiencing acute emotional distress.

Methods: Strong evidence supports using family-centered care (FCC) in the NICU to promote bonding and parental involvement in caring for their infants. This manuscript aims to review current research and literature on trauma-informed care training and its impact on nurse confidence in managing dysregulated adults, …

Enhancing Ob Healthcare: Impact Of Black Nurse Representation, Devi Wolfe-Reese

Honors Capstones

Increasing Black nurse representation in obstetrics (OB) care is crucial for improving maternal and infant health outcomes, reducing health disparities, and building trust between patients and providers. Research shows that diverse healthcare teams lead to better patient outcomes, including lower mortality rates and higher patient satisfaction. Black nurses bring critical cultural competence to OB care, strengthening patient-provider relationships and ensuring that care is tailored to the unique needs of Black families. A more diverse nursing workforce promotes better collaboration, enhances inclusivity, and contributes to a more equitable healthcare system overall.

To achieve these goals, healthcare institutions must prioritize diversity by …

Educational Program On Depression And Anxiety For Low Socioeconomic Postpartum Latina Mothers, Lizbeth Valdez Duran

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety are common mental health conditions that women experience after childbirth. PPD involves intense feelings of extreme sadness, and diminished interests in activities that once brought them happiness. Postpartum anxiety involves constant worry and fear, often centered on the well-being of the baby. Symptoms may include restlessness or irritability, panic attacks, and trouble concentrating or sleeping. Barriers to treating depression and anxiety among Latinas include a lack of awareness or understanding of mental health issues. (Lopez et al., 2018).

Health Literacy refers to the individual's ability to understand and process health-related information. By assessing a …

Domestic Violence And Mental Health In Pregnant Women, Arabella M. Co

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Background: Domestic violence can include verbal, emotional, and physical abuse, which can lead to long-term mental health disorders such as stress, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Purpose: This research includes a literature review, as well as a proposed research design to examine the significance of intimate partner violence in relation to mental health by implementing screening methods and interventions. Method: Participants will be recruited from prenatal clinics around the Bay Area. A quantitative, randomized, controlled-trial cohort study will investigate the effectiveness of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems (PRAMS). A screening tool used in determining intimate partner violence within the …

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Early Life Adversity And Their Effects On Chronic Health: A Literature Review, Ella Weatherford

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

With more than 439,000 annual U.S. deaths associated with childhood adversity, it is important to understand and prevent exposure to Adverse Childhood Events and Early Life Adversity. The purpose of this literature review is to identify and examine the pathophysiology between adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s) and their negative effects on health across the lifespan. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles that were published in notable journals were analyzed to include in this review. The results of these articles show that Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Life Adversity can lead to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions across the lifespan. Using Barker Hypothesis and …

Caesarean Section And Associated Factors In Nigeria: Assessing Inequalities Between Rural And Urban Areas—Insights From The Nigeria Demographic And Health Survey 2018, Emmanuel O. Adewuyi, Wole Akosile, Victory Olutuase, Aaron Akpu Philip, Rhoda Olaleru, Mary I. Adewuyi, Asa Auta, Vishnu Khanal

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: When medically indicated, caesarean section (CS) can be a life-saving intervention for mothers and their newborns. This study assesses the prevalence of CS and its associated factors, focussing on inequalities between rural and urban areas in Nigeria. Methods: We disaggregated the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 and performed analyses separately for Nigeria’s overall, rural, and urban residences. We summarised data using frequency tabulations and identified factors associated with CS through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: CS prevalence was 2.7% in Nigeria (overall), 5.2% in urban and 1.2% in rural areas. The North-West region had the lowest prevalence of …

Associations Between Maternal Preconception And Pregnancy Adiposity And Neuropsychiatric And Behavioral Outcomes In The Offspring: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Bereket Duko, Tesfaye S. Mengistu, David Stacey, Lisa J. Moran, Gizachew Tessema, Gavin Pereira, Asres Bedaso, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Rosa Alati, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Beben Benyamin, S. Hong Lee, Elina Hyppönen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Maternal adiposity (overweight or obesity) has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, although the potential risks of long-term neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes in the offspring remain unclear. Using the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies on maternal adiposity and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes. Inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool effect estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) from adjusted odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR). Estimates were computed separately for preconception and pregnancy maternal overweight and obesity, with outcomes stratified by the type of neuropsychiatric outcome. In our …

Impact Of Healthy Pregnancy And Lifestyle In Mothers On Developmental Delay In Their Offspring: A Strength-Based Analysis Of A Longitudinal Study Among Indigenous Children In Australia, Md Irteja Islam, Thomas Stubbs, Tuguy Esgin, Alexandra Martiniuk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Extensive literature has investigated the prenatal risk factors of developmental delay in children, with evidence highlighting the impact of prenatal health, mental health, and behavioural factors. While a deficit discourse has underscored Indigenous health research and policies, strengths-based approaches provide an opportunity to reframe this discourse, to illustrate and celebrate the strength and resilience of Australian Indigenous families. As such, this study aimed to identify the protective impact of healthy pregnancy and lifestyle in mothers on developmental delay in Indigenous Australian children; and whether it varies by child birthweight adjusted for gestational age. Further, we also tested whether child …

Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy Presentation, Giovanna Tomassoni, Meredith Mackenzie

Master's Projects

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a serious form of child abuse in which the perpetrator is typically the victim’s maternal caregiver. Assessing for MSBP can be very challenging for medical providers due to symptom mimicry and a dearth of information about the disorder. This Integrative Review seeks to shine a light on common symptomatology of MSBP and to make sure that providers leave it on the differential diagnosis until alternative diagnoses can effectively exclude it. A total of 240 records from online databases were reviewing for content, currency, and rigor. This search was narrowed to 10 records for in-depth …

Maternal Substance Use And Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu) Admission Among Medicaid Beneficiaries: A State-Wide Audit, Vidhani Goel, Ana L. Reyes, Bertille Assoumou, Dodds P. Simangan, Farooq Abdulla, Megumi Akiyama, Deborah A. Kuhls, Kavita Batra

Undergraduate Research Symposium Podium Presentations

Introduction: Mounting evidence suggested a strong association between maternal substance abuse and poor neonatal outcomes. This study aims to investigate an association between maternal substance abuse and NICU admissions and transitions in the LOC among newborns who were Medicaid beneficiaries.

Methods: A hybrid linkage approach was utilized to link two datasets (Birth Registry and Nevada Medicaid Claims) spanning 2015-2021 with nearly 85% linkage efficiency. The infant records were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods with significance level set at 5%.

Results: A total of 84,181 infant records were identified, of which 70,817 (84.1%) admitted to a single LOC during …

Breastfeeding Education Knowledge, Danielle Sees

St. Joseph Hospital, Orange, CA. Evidence Based Practice Conference

No abstract provided.

An Exploratory Qualitative Study Of Perinatal Experiences In An Acute Setting During Early Phases Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sharon Hoosein, Pamela Winchester, Stephanie Babinski, Naomi Smith, Payalben Bhavsar, Susan Law

Patient Experience Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic was highly disruptive for people delivering babies in-hospital and for obstetrical healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with or without COVID-19 giving birth in a community-based hospital to provide patient insight to obstetrical care providers regarding the services/policies used during the pandemic. Nine interviews were conducted with participants within six months of giving birth in-hospital – four who tested positive for COVID-19 and five who tested negative. Seven themes were identified in the analysis: conflicting emotions; experiences of COVID-related protocols; altered experiences of pregnancy and birth; other aspects of …

Benefits To Swaddle Bathing, Brenna Dotson, Kori Redden, Cassidy Payne

Scholars Week

Swaddle bathing is a technique that entails bathing an infant while they are comforted in a swaddle. This technique is rarely seen in everyday hospital practice, even though there is ample evidence of its benefits and advantages. Our project aimed to combine research proving the effectiveness of swaddle bathing through scoring methods that consider pain, vital signs, temperature, crying duration, and more. The research is combined to support the impact that swaddle bathing can have on not only infants but parents as well. Parents implementing the swaddle bath enjoy improved confidence and attachment, along with decreased stress. The evidence was …

Benefits Of Nitrous Oxide For Pain Management During Labor, Hannah Young, Madison Smith

Scholars Week

Nitrous oxide is widely used in the United States, but is still limited in our area. Nitrous oxide used during labor is a way for mothers to avoid adverse effects that other forms of pain management can cause. Nitrous oxide is used to increase pain tolerance for laboring mothers, and has also been proven to reduce anxiety. Nitrous oxide has limited adverse effects on the mother and no know adverse effects to the fetus. If a side effect is caused by nitrous oxide, the effects will wear off almost immediately after discontinuation of use. It also is more cost effective …

Intermittent Auscultation Vs Electronic Fetal Monitoring In Laboring Patients, Nichole Plummer, Jennifer Kellerman

Nurse Residency

In healthy laboring women, how does the use of Intermittent auscultation, compared to continuous monitoring, affect fetal and maternal outcomes?

Socio-Economic Disparities In Prenatal Prognosis And Intervention Accessibility, Simona Raluca Iacoban, Madalina Piron Dumitrascu, Camil Laurentiu Bohiltea, Ioan Dumitru Suciu, Silviu Cristian Voinea, Nicolae Suciu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on prenatal care accessibility and outcomes and to evaluate the effectiveness of specialized integrative prenatal care in mitigating these disparities. Materials and Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2020 and 2023 in Bucharest, Romania, involving 100 pregnant women. Participants were equally divided into two groups that received standard and specialized prenatal care. Data were collected through structured interviews, medical record reviews, and standardized questionnaires at multiple time points during pregnancy and postpartum. Results. Women receiving integrative care had longer gestation periods (37.8 vs. 37.6 weeks), higher average …

Social Determinants Of Health Curriculum For The Pediatric Clerkship, Caroline Roth, Amy Prudhomme, Kayla Griese, Robbie Beyl, Jessica Patrick-Esteve

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Education on social determinants of health (SDH) aligns with national standards for medical education. However, there are minimal existing resources targeted to medical students specific to the care of the pediatric population. We designed a case-based curriculum on SDH for third-year medical students on their pediatric clerkship to address this deficit. Methods: Third-year medical students on their pediatric clerkship received a case-based flipped classroom educational series on SDH in four 10-minute segments. Students completed voluntary and anonymous surveys delivered via an electronic survey tool before and after completion of the curriculum. Surveys were a self-assessment of knowledge and skills …

Vaccine Decision-Making Among Pregnant Women: A Protocol For A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Method Study In Brazil, Ghana, Kenya And Pakistan, Jessica Schue, Prachi Singh, Berhaun Fesshaye, Emily Miller, Shanelle Quinn, Ruth Karron, Renato Souza, Maria Laura Costa, Ferdinand Okwaro, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Maternal immunization is a critical strategy to prevent both maternal and infant morbidity and mortality from several infectious diseases. When the first COVID-19 vaccines became available during the pandemic, there was mixed messaging and confusion amongst the broader public and among those associated with health care systems about the recommendations for COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy in many countries. A multi-country, mixed-methods study is being undertaken to describe how vaccine decision-making occurs amongst pregnant and postpartum women, with a focus on COVID-19 vaccines. The study is being conducted in Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, and Pakistan. In each country, participants are being recruited …