Nursing Commons^™

The Impact Of Complementary Therapies On Postpartum Pain Relief Among Mothers Of Multiples, Jewel Thomas

Nursing | Senior Theses

The process of recovery after birth can be an arduous process for many women. Many patients experience discomfort that affects their quality of life. Especially for mothers who give birth to twins or triplets, there is additional need for support in this crucial time as they are more likely to develop postpartum complications. Current management for postpartum pain include pain control medications and heat/cold therapy. The purpose of this proposal is to examine if complementary therapies such as aromatherapy and music therapy decreases the postpartum pain levels in mothers of multiples. This paper proposes an experimental trial, in which a …

Impact Of Whole Foods Diet On Cognitive Functions In Children From Low-Income Families With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Jasmine Le

Nursing | Senior Theses

Purpose

Current studies have examined dietary interventions for ADHD, emphasizing the value of good nutrition, the lack of nutritional foods in schools, and the difficulties low-income families have finding healthy options. Nutritious food has been shown to enhance cognitive abilities, yet many low-income households still lack access to it. This quantitative research will provide vital information for nurses and healthcare professionals on how they can assist these populations.

Methods

A quantitative randomized controlled design study will be conducted, with students separated into an experimental and control group. The objective will be to evaluate the effects of nursing nutrition education and …

Reducing Levels Of Compassion Fatigue Among Generation Z Hospital Nurses, Kailani Yee

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Compassion fatigue is a critical issue and one of the many difficulties encompassed within the nursing profession. It affects a large number of registered nurses who work in hospital settings and who are constantly exposed to the suffering of others. With more young nurses entering the workforce, it's imperative that there is a better understanding of how to properly address this issue among the youngest generation of nurses: Generation Z, or those born between 1997-2012.

Objective: This research proposal aims to explore the most effective strategies to decrease levels of compassion fatigue in Generation Z nurses working in hospital …

The Critical Role Of External Involvement In Supporting Adolescent Mothers Facing Postpartum Depression, Samantha Campopiano

Nursing | Senior Theses

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health concern for adolescent mothers, especially those without a reliable support system. The current research demonstrates the importance of a support system, effective interventions, and prevention strategies for easier navigation of postpartum depression. Some effective interventions researched were therapy groups, personalized home visits, and using social media platforms to deliver therapy. This research proposal aims to examine the effectiveness of a nurse-led educational intervention for postpartum adolescent mothers without support. A quasi-experimental design will be used, with pre-and post-test assessments using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure PPD symptoms in 100 …

Impact Of Non-Pharmacological Interventions On Immunization-Related Anxiety Among Pediatric Patients, Jessica Ho

Nursing | Senior Theses

Immunization-related anxiety can lead to vaccine hesitancy, which can be detrimental to public health by reducing herd immunity and increasing the spread of preventable diseases. This research proposal aims to investigate how nurses implementing non-pharmacological interventions can reduce immunization-related anxiety among pediatric patients. The literature critique focuses on examining the efficacy of various non-pharmacological interventions on reducing procedural pain, fear, and anxiety in pediatric patients. Research shows that those who received non-pharmacological interventions experienced decreased pain, fear, and anxiety levels. This proposal will use a randomized control trial design with a convenience sample of 200 pediatric patients from flu clinics …

The Impact Of A Educational Program On Depression And Anxiety For Low Socioeconomic Latina Postpartum Mothers, Lizbeth Valdez Duran

Nursing | Senior Theses

Postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety are significant mental health challenges that affect many mothers, especially Latina women with low socioeconomic backgrounds. These mothers often face barriers to care, health literacy, and access to healthcare resources. The problem is compounded by a lack of culturally competent care, which can contribute to mistrust of healthcare providers and discourage Latina mothers from seeking help. The literature review articles highlight that health literacy plays a crucial role in managing mental health, with effective education potentially reducing negative outcomes by improving coping strategies and bringing awareness to symptoms that are associated with postpartum. This research …

Nursing Education On Sleep Health And Its Impact On Insulin Resistance In Adolescents, Salamasina Tufa

Nursing | Senior Theses

Modern-day adolescents are increasingly at risk for poor sleep quality due to rapid physical and physiological changes and stressors from technology and social media. Recent research suggests poor sleep affects endocrine function and contributes to insulin resistance (IR), a precursor to Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This proposed quasi-experimental study will examine if a nurse-led sleep education program can improve sleep quality and decrease the incidence of IR in adolescents with poor sleep. A total of 100 participants aged 12-18 across Berkley, California who score ≥ 5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) will be randomly assigned to either …

Preparing Nurses For Medical-Assistance In Dying: The Role Of Comprehensive Education And Training, Keira O'Reilly

Nursing | Senior Theses

Medical-assistance in dying (MAID) is a process in which a consenting patient self-administers lethal medications with the intent of ending their life. This process is marked with ethical, emotional, and spiritual complexities. Nurses play a key role in MAID, through providing care as well as being a patient advocate. Specifically, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses often provide care to critical or terminally ill patients. However, according to the research, little formal training or education about MAID has been put into place for ICU nurses. To investigate, primary research articles regarding healthcare professionals’ experiences with MAID, educational gaps, and current training …

Delayed And Misdiagnosed Endometriosis, Teresa Doyle

Nursing | Senior Theses

Aim: This research investigates whether targeted education can improve the early diagnosis of endometriosis, a chronic condition affecting around 10% of women of reproductive age. Unfortunately, endometriosis is often misdiagnosed, delaying treatment, prolonging discomfort, and lowering quality of life. Healthcare practitioners' knowledge gap is addressed by this study, which examines whether organized training promotes awareness and diagnostic accuracy. This research proposal evaluates an educational intervention developed to improve gynecological experts' knowledge and diagnostic skills. The main research issue is whether the intervention reduces misdiagnosis and improves patient outcomes. A quasi-experimental design will examine participants' knowledge and diagnosis accuracy before and …

Understanding Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (Arfid) In Autistic Children Through Parent’S Lens, Lisette Oviedo

Nursing | Senior Theses

This research reviews and proposes a study to assess parents' knowledge about their children with a dual diagnosis of autism and Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) with the intent to develop future care strategies that are both person-centered and family-centered.

Shadows Of Self Doubt: Exploring The Dual Threat Of Impostor Syndrome On New Nurses And Quality Care, Siona Patel

Nursing | Senior Theses

Every nursing student goes through a transition period after nursing school where they step into the role of a new graduate nurse, and adapt to the demands of the clinical setting. Their acquired knowledge and skills taught to them are now applied to high stake situations of the real world. This critical time period is often paired with a mental phenomenon known as imposter syndrome in which competent people feel doubt or fraudulently of their skill set which can affect patient care and cause burnout. This thesis explores the connection between imposter syndrome and burnout and their impact on patient …

Nursing Knowledge Regarding Pap Smears For Transgender Men, Caytlin Capulong

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cervical cancer screening (CCS) is a crucial test used for preventative measures against cervical cancer, yet transgender men (TM) experience significantly lower screening rates in comparison to cisgender women due to pain, anxiety, and systemic healthcare barriers. A major factor for deterrence is pain during speculum insertion, often because of vaginal atrophy related to testosterone usage. Other factors include fear of discrimination, mistreatment, and lack of provider awareness, particularly among nurses who play a pivotal role in patient preparation and care. This research aims to assess the extent of nurses’ knowledge regarding Pap smears for female-to-male (FTM) patients through a …

The Impact Of Workplace Stressors On Anxiety Levels And Mental Health Among Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses, Kelsey Ang

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) nurses work in a high-stress environment where they are exposed daily to traumatic situations. The demanding emotional and physical challenges contribute to significant psychological burdens, including increased stress and anxiety. Purpose: The current paper proposes a research design to examine the outcomes of stress, anxiety levels, and mental well-being on PICU nurses when workplace support and structured debriefing sessions take place following a traumatic event. Methods: Participants will be recruited from PICU hospitals in Northern California. Participation will be voluntary, and informed consent will be obtained prior to the study. The selection criteria will …

The Impact Of Maternal Mental Health On Child Development, Jessica White

Nursing | Senior Theses

Purpose

This research investigates the impact of early maternal mental health interventions on child development, focusing on cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors. The study aims to evaluate whether children whose mothers receive mental health interventions, such as support for depression and anxiety, show improved developmental outcomes compared to children whose mothers do not receive such interventions.

Methods

The study will include 100 mother-child pairs, recruited from clinics in Northern California. Child developmental outcomes will be assessed using standardized tools: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales (SSIS-RS). Follow-ups will …

The Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Maternal Decision-Making And Risk-Taking Behavior, Stephanie Marea B. Martinez

Nursing | Senior Theses

Purpose

The purpose of this research proposal aims to explore the impact of sleep education in new mothers and their ability to manage sleep deprivation with interventions during the postpartum period.

Methods

This research proposal includes various methods to evaluate the effectiveness of sleep education and mental health screenings in new mothers. The baseline data for sleep quality, postpartum depression, and the new adaptation to motherhood will be collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, actigraphy to monitor sleep patterns, and a conduction of cognitive functioning with the Mini-Mental State Examination. After interventions are put into place, follow up data …

New Graduate Nurse Professional Perseverance Strategies In A Time Of Crisis, Jennifer E. Smith Edd

Dissertations of Practice

This qualitative grounded theory study examined how new graduate nurses who entered practice just prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic developed and sustained resilience while navigating extraordinary professional and personal challenges. The study focused on associate degree nurses who graduated between December 2018 and May 2022 and were employed in acute and sub-acute care settings with direct patient care responsibilities, including the care of patients with COVID-19. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reflective journal entries and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.

Findings revealed that resilience was not a static characteristic but an evolving process influenced …

The Impact Of Structured Weekend Group Therapy On Restraints, Seclusion And Length Of Stay On Inpatient Psychiatric Units, Victoria Grau

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

Group therapy is an essential part of inpatient psychiatric treatment, with documented positive effects including better medication compliance, lower readmission rate, and improved self- esteem. Patients who are admitted for an inpatient psychiatric stay have a small window of time in which behavioral health staff can work with them. Group therapy can help patients develop a plan for these issues and provide a foundation for successful discharge and symptom management. The project site is a mid-size teaching hospital in an urban community with higher rates of mental health diagnoses than the national average. Group therapy was conducted initially Monday – …

Screening For Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport (Reds) And The Female Athlete Triad In Female Undergraduate Collegiate Athletes: A Quality Improvement Project, Maria A. Marziano

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

This quality improvement (QI) project investigated female collegiate athletes’ knowledge and prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and the Female Athlete Triad (Triad). The increase in female athletics brings a growing concern for performance-related health risks, including low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). This study assessed the effectiveness of education and self-screening in identifying at-risk athletes and encouraging resource application for intervention. A mixed-methods design was employed, utilizing retrospective data along with pre- and post-intervention surveys. The study involved 33 female collegiate athletes from lean endurance sports, assessing knowledge, risk factors, and …

A Question For The Ages: The Relationship Between Nurse Staffing And Quality In Appalachian Skilled Nursing Facilities, Eric Jason Pulice

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Nurse staffing levels have been shown to have a critical impact on nursing quality in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Sociodemographic disparities in Appalachian areas have the potential to impact SNF nurse staffing levels and quality. This study examined the relationship between nurse staffing levels and quality in Appalachian SNFs, as well as compliance with the Biden Administration’s minimum staffing mandates as set forth in CMS-3442-F enacted on June 24, 2024.

The study applied Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) through Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) conceptual framework to assess how external resource constraints and regulatory policies impact nurse staffing levels and quality in Appalachian …

Reducing Pain Surrounding Im Injections In A Pediatric Outpatient Setting, Tara Sangster

DNP Projects

Background

Many children experience discomfort when receiving routine vaccines via IM injections. The thought of this discomfort can lead to anxiety for the children when visiting their primary care providers. The use of vapocoolant spray prior to IM vaccine administration can help decrease pain/discomfort experienced by children, resulting in increased patient and parent satisfaction.

Project Goals

1. Develop an educational packet reviewing use of topical anesthetics in pediatrics
2. Staff will use vapocoolant spray prior to vaccine administration
3. Children will experience less pain during vaccine administration and parents will feel more satisfied with their child's experience

Methods

Education on the use of …

Communication Interventions For Families With Parental Cancer With Dependents: Findings From A Scoping Review, Cinzia Caparso, Zoe Bowen, Sung Won Choi

Nursing Faculty Research Publications

Background: Since 2019, invasive cancer diagnoses in people younger than 50-years-old have increased by 12.8%, which impacts people of child-bearing age. Currently, interventions in families of parents with cancer are focused primarily on the parent with cancer communicating with their dependents about the initial cancer diagnosis or at end-of-life through in-person interventions. Limited web-based interventions have been developed to increase communication across all family members (e.g., parents with cancer with coparents; children with their parents) about communicating the impact of cancer on the individual’s and family’s well-being cross the cancer trajectory, a key gap to improved outcomes in this population. …

The Ethics Of Student Attrition In Healthcare Education Programs, Kent Haina Jr, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Journal of Health Ethics

Student attrition is a problem in healthcare education programs, but there is little in the literature regarding the organizational ethics of lowering it. Some argue that lowering attrition is unethical, because it would lower academic and professional standards, potentially impacting patient care. Others say students deserve to make decisions about when to leave a course of study. However, these arguments ignore inequities in attrition, as well as the conflicts of interest in, and moral obligations of colleges and universities. Lowering attrition rates in healthcare education programs is inherently ethical because it levels the playing field for underrepresented minorities that disproportionately …

Safe Nurse-Patient Ratios: A Guide For Healthy Staffing, Daria Sickler, Molly Mills, Carly Ross, Leah Cepeda

SPARK Symposium Presentations

In order to enhance patient outcomes and nurse well-being, our initiative focuses on optimizing patient-staff ratios, which improve overall quality of care while reducing nurse burnout. With involvement of key stakeholders such as legislators, policymakers, hiring departments, managers, charge nurses, and nurses themselves, we aim to foster a. collaborative approach that addresses the root causes of stress and dissatisfaction. The goal to create this supportive environment where nurses have manageable workloads, leads to increased job satisfaction and reduced burnout. We expect to see improved patient outcomes, and higher nurse retention rates due to healthier, more sustainable work environments. This approach …

Advanced Infection Prevention In Infants, Kenny Le, Osmara Rojas, Vika Lomonosova, Blakelee Waller

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Abstract

Background: Infants are highly susceptible to nosocomial infections like CLABSIs due to underdeveloped immune systems and exposure to medical interventions. These infections significantly threaten health outcomes in the NICU. With national NICU infection rates for 1.1-3.3 lb infants averaging 15%, the study’s 7.1% infection rate indicates mFICare’s potential. Does an educational intervention for caregivers, mobile-enhanced Family-Integrated Care (mFICare), reduce the national average NICU nosocomial infection rate of 15% to 5% compared to the Family-Centered Care’s (FCC) approach?

Methods: Keywords: NICU, infants, intensive care unit, bloodstream, infection, prevention, hospital-acquired infection, theory-of-care, family-integrated care. Databases used for review of literature: CINAHL, …

Preventing Nurse Burnout In The Trauma Icu, Annelise Wilson, Samantha Pendleton, Hailey Dowd

SPARK Symposium Presentations

This change project identifies that nurse burnout is a prevalent problem within the healthcare setting, specifically with nurses working in a critical care environment. Burnout can be described as a negative outcome resulting in exhaustion (emotional, mental, physical) due to stress. The population focused on is the nursing staff on the trauma intensive care unit at VUMC. The proposed recommendation for change is to have a mandatory resource nurse on every shift. Essentially, this nurse is one who has no patients and can be utilized to fill in for breaks and perform anything under the nurse's scope of practice when …

Implementing Safe Nurse-To-Patient Ratios, Susan Clark, Molly Peasley, Tessa Pemantell, Grace Fritch

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Our project advocates for state mandated nurse-to-patient ratios in Tennessee critical care units to enhance patient safety, reduce nurse burnout, and improve overall healthcare quality. Research shows that inadequate staffing leads to higher mortality rates, complications, and longer hospital stays, while hospitals with mandated ratios report better patient outcomes and nurse retention. California’s model demonstrates the effectiveness of such policies, highlighting the need for nationwide implementation. The project follows an SBAR approach, outlining the situation of unsafe staffing, the background of financial-driven disparities, and the need for policy change. The plan includes stakeholder engagement, legislative advocacy, and public awareness campaigns. …

Improving Perinatal Outcomes With The Mood Disorder Questionnaire: A Quality Improvement Project To Increase Identification And Referral, Elizabeth R. Bargardo

Master's Theses and Capstones

Abstract

Background: Perinatal mental health is a growing concern, with under identification and lack of access to mental health as contributing factors. Screening tools such as the Mood Disorder Questionnaire are one way to increase identification of patients at risk for bipolar-spectrum disorders and subsequent postpartum psychosis and initiate referrals to appropriate mental health services.

Local Problem: One outpatient women’s health center has a 94% screening rate for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) for anxiety and depression but has not implemented a screening for bipolar disorder. In addition, while approximately one in five perinatal patients struggles with a mental …

Is Laughter The Best Medicine? Analyzing The Role Of Gallows Humor In Nursing Education, Favour Onichabor-Connell

Honors College Theses

Gallows humor is a coping mechanism used by healthcare professionals to manage stress and emotional burden. Understanding its role in nursing education can help educators and students navigate the complexities of the profession. This study examined its significance through a literature review and a survey of nursing students and educators. The literature review included 15 peer-reviewed articles from databases like GALILEO, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus, highlighting both its benefits and ethical concerns. Findings suggest gallows humor is commonly used for stress management and is generally viewed as beneficial for learning and emotional resilience. However, concerns were raised about its potential …

ผลของโปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัวต่ออาการทางบวกของผู้ป่วยจิตเภทในชุมชน, เขมสุพิชญา กิตติกูลวรพัฒน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยกึ่งทดลองครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบอาการทางบวกของผู้ป่วยจิตเภทในชุมชนก่อนและหลังได้รับโปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัว และเพื่อเปรียบเทียบอาการทางบวกของผู้ป่วยจิตเภทในชุมชนระหว่างกลุ่มทดลองหลังได้รับโปรแกรมฯ และกลุ่มควบคุมที่ได้รับการพยาบาลตามปกติ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือผู้ป่วยจิตเภทอายุระหว่าง 20-59 ปี อาศัยอยู่กับครอบครัว ซึ่งเข้ารับการรักษาที่แผนกกลุ่มงานจิตเวชและยาเสพติด โรงพยาบาลองครักษ์ จำนวน 60 ครอบครัว โดยการคัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจงได้มาจากเกณฑ์คุณสมบัติที่ผู้วิจัยกำหนด แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มทดลอง 30 ครอบครัว และกลุ่มควบคุม 30 ครอบครัว กลุ่มทดลองได้รับโปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัว และกลุ่มควบคุมได้รับการพยาบาลปกติ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ 1) โปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัว 2) แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล 3) แบบประเมินอาการทางจิต (PANSS-T) มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟาของครอนบาคเท่ากับ .82 และค่า CVI ได้เท่ากับ 1 4) แบบวัดการรับรู้ความเครียด มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟาของครอนบาคเท่ากับ .85 และค่า CVI ได้เท่ากับ .92 5) แบบสอบถามการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัว มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟาของครอนบาคเท่ากับ .85 และค่า CVI ได้เท่ากับ 1 เครื่องมือทุกชุดผ่านการตรวจสอบคุณภาพโดยการตรวจสอบความตรงตามเนื้อหาจากผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ จำนวน 5 ท่าน วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และสถิติทดสอบที ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1. ค่าเฉลี่ยของอาการทางบวกของผู้ป่วยจิตเภทในชุมชนหลังได้รับโปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัวต่ำกว่าก่อนได้รับโปรแกรมการจัดการความเครียดโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของครอบครัว อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 (t = 15.74, df = 29, p

ผลของโปรแกรมการให้ข้อมูลก่อนการผ่าตัดโดยใช้สื่อวิดีทัศน์ชุดชมห้องผ่าตัดต่อความวิตกกังวลก่อนผ่าตัดในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องทางศัลยกรรม, เสาวลักษณ์ ดอกลำเจียก

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยกึ่งทดลอง เพื่อศึกษาผลของโปรแกรมการให้ข้อมูลก่อนการผ่าตัดโดยใช้สื่อวิดีทัศน์ชุดชมห้องผ่าตัดต่อความวิตกกังวลก่อนผ่าตัดในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องทางศัลยกรรม กลุ่มตัวอย่างผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยว่าเป็นโรคระบบทางเดินอาหารทั้งเพศชายและเพศหญิง ที่เข้ารับการผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องแบบนัดหมายล่วงหน้าที่โรงพยาบาลราชวิถี จำนวน 46 คน แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มทดลองและกลุ่มควบคุม กลุ่มละ 23 คน เครื่องมือการวิจัยประกอบด้วย โปรแกรมการให้ข้อมูลก่อนการผ่าตัดโดยใช้สื่อวีดิทัศน์ชุดชมห้องผ่าตัดสำหรับผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องทางศัลยกรรม แบบสอบถามความวิตกกังวลต่อสถานการณ์ (The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) From Y) มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์แอลฟาของครอนบาค เท่ากับ 0.81 และแบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล ดำเนินการทดลองและเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลในช่วงเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ถึงเดือนสิงหาคม 2568 วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน Paired t-test และ Independent t-test ผลการวิจัยพบว่า หลังการทดลอง กลุ่มทดลองมีค่าเฉลี่ยความวิตกกังวลก่อนผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องทางศัลยกรรมต่ำกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (t= 10.082, pp<.001) และเมื่อเปรียบเทียบภายในกลุ่มทดลองพบว่าค่าเฉลี่ยความวิตกกังวลก่อนผ่าตัดเปิดช่องท้องทางศัลยกรรมหลังทดลองต่ำกว่าก่อนทดลองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (t=19.145, p<.001)