Nursing Commons^™

An Evaluation Of Covid-19 Vaccination Rates Of The Patients At The Kentucky Racing Health Services Center, Aditya Mehta, Dedra Hayden

The Cardinal Edge

COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available to the U.S. public since early 2021. However, vaccination rates still vary considerably across geographical areas and different populations. The objective of this study was to research overall vaccination rates against COVID-19 for Latinx patients at the Kentucky Racing Health Services Center (KRHSC). Vaccination and booster data was collected from June to December 2021 for all unique patients visiting the center. It was initially hypothesized that these rates of vaccination and booster doses for the KRHSC patients would be lower than the data reported by Kentucky and Jefferson County. After a retrospective review, the …

Association Between Exposure To Family Planning Messages On Different Mass Media Channels And The Utilization Of Modern Contraceptives Among Young Women In Sierra Leone: Insights From The 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey, Quraish Sserwanja, Patricia Turimumahoro, Lilian Nuwabaine, Kassim Kamara, Milton W. Musaba

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background

Access to sexual and reproductive health information enables young women to make appropriate decisions. We examined the association between exposure to family planning messages on different mass media and the use of modern contraceptives among young women in Sierra Leone.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data of young women aged 15–24 years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants in the survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between exposure to family panning messages on different types mass media channels and utilization of modern …

Palliative Care Early In The Care Continuum Among Patients With Serious Respiratory Illness An Official Ats/Aahpm/Hpna/Swhpn Policy Statement, Donald R. Sullivan, Anand S. Iyer, Susan Enguidanos, Christopher E. Cox, Morag Farquhar, Daisy J. A. Janssen, Kathleen O. Lindell, Richard A. Mularski, Natasha Smallwood, Alison E. Turnbull, Anne M. Wilkinson, Katherine R. Courtright, Matthew Maddocks, Mary Lynn Mcpherson, J. Daryl Thornton, Margaret L. Campbell, Tracy K. Fasolino, Patricia M. Fogelman, Larry Gershon, Thayer Gershon, Christiane Hartog, Judy Luther, Diane E. Meier, Judith E. Nelson, Elliot Rabinowitz, Cynda H. Rushton, Danetta H. Sloan, Erin K. Kross, Lynn F. Reinke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Patients with serious respiratory illness and their caregivers suffer considerable burdens, and palliative care is a fundamental right for anyone who needs it. However, the overwhelming majority of patients do not receive timely palliative care before the end of life, despite robust evidence for improved outcomes.

Goals:

This policy statement by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and partnering societies advocates for improved integration of high-quality palliative care early in the care continuum for patients with serious respiratory illness and their caregivers and provides clinicians and policymakers with a framework to accomplish this.

Methods:

An international and interprofessional expert committee, …

Prevalence Of Health-Risk Behaviours Among Indigenous Australians With Diabetes: A Review, Sharon Atkinson-Briggs, Alicia Jenkins, Christopher Ryan, Laima Brazionis

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are at high risk of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Optimal lifestyle choices can improve health outcomes. A thematic review of original research publications related to smoking, nutrition, alcohol intake, physical activity and emotional wellness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with diabetes was performed. Overall, 7118 English-language publications were identified by search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline-Web of Science, and Google Scholar) with search terms Indigenous Australians OR Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders AND diabetes AND lifestyle OR smoking OR nutrition OR alcohol OR physical activity OR emotional wellbeing and their …

Exploring The Impact Of Different Durations Of Foam Rolling As A Recovery Technique Following Intense Exercise In College-Aged Males, Connor M. Saker

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background: Foam rolling (FR) for recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) has received considerable attention because the technique is being a relatively inexpensive and is self-performed. However, there are currently no FR guidelines and the available literature assessing the impact of FR for recovery of muscle soreness is heterogeneous and offers conflicting results. Assessing different FR durations and their impact on recovery may help provide insight to the effectiveness of this technique for recovery from EIMD and DOMS. Purpose: To explore the impact of two different acute durations of FR for the recovery …

The Genome And Gene Editing System Of Sea Barleygrass Provide A Novel Platform For Cereal Domestication And Stress Tolerance Studies, Liuhui Kuang, Qiufang Shen, Liyang Chen, Lingzhen Ye, Tao Yan, Zhong-Hua Chen, Robbie Waugh, Qi Li, Lu Huang, Shengguan Cai, Liangbo Fu, Pengwei Xing, Kai Wang, Jiari Shao, Feibo Wu, Lixi Jiang, Dezhi Wu, Guoping Zhang

Publications

The tribe Triticeae provides important staple cereal crops and contains elite wild species with wide genetic diversity and high tolerance to abiotic stresses. Sea barleygrass (Hordeum marinum Huds.), a wild Triticeae species, thrives in saline marshlands and is well known for its high tolerance to salinity and waterlogging. Here, a 3.82-Gb high-quality reference genome of sea barleygrass is assembled de novo, with 3.69 Gb (96.8%) of its sequences anchored onto seven chromosomes. In total, 41 045 high-confidence (HC) genes are annotated by homology, de novo prediction, and transcriptome analysis. Phylogenetics, non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratios (Ka/Ks), and transcriptomic and functional analyses provide …

Health Workers’ Documentation Process As A Prerequisite To The Integration Of Patient Care At A Regional Referral Hospital In Uganda, Grace Nakate, Mary Moleki, Ahmed Sarki, Valerie Fleming

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Integrated patient care is necessary for better care outcomes. Documentation enhances the integration of care; however, in the Ugandan setting, documentation of care is poor (e.g., omissions and incomplete records) and integration of patient care is not visible. This study presents a review of patient health records that was undertaken to understand documentation of care at a regional referral hospital in Eastern Uganda. This information will help in developing a documentation model to facilitate the integration of patient care in Uganda.

Methodology: This retrospective review involved 513 patient health records from the medical-surgical, pediatric, and obstetric/gynecological departments of Jinja …

Design, Development, And Testing Of Best4baby, An Mhealth Technology To Support Exclusive Breastfeeding In India: Pilot Study., Tony Ma, Katie Chang, Amal Alyusuf, Elina Bajracharya, Yukiko Washio, Patricia J Kelly, Roopa M Bellad, Niranjana S Mahantashetti, Umesh Charantimath, Vanessa Short, Parth Lalakia, Frances J. Jaeger, Shivaprasad Goudar, Richard Derman

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months of age in most low- and middle-income countries, including India, is surprisingly low. There is a relative lack of mobile health apps that specifically focus on leveraging the use of peer counselors (PCs) to support mothers as a means of increasing EBF practices in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This study aimed to design, develop, and test the usability of Breastfeeding Education Support Tool for Baby (BEST4Baby), a mobile health app specifically designed to support PCs in providing in-home breastfeeding counseling support to mothers in rural India on optimal breastfeeding practices.

Methods: A …

Sub-Saharan African Women’S Views And Experiences Of Risk Factors For Obstetric Fistula: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Lydia Babatunde Bulndi, Deborah Ireson, Esther Adama, Sara Bayes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Obstetric fistula used as synonymous with VVF in this study, is an abnormal communication/hole between the urinary tract and the genital tract or the gastrointestinal tract and the genital tract, resulting from prolonged obstructed labour. VVF may cause sufferers to experience chronic urinary/faecal incontinence, and the stigma of continuing foul odour. VVF is primarily caused by prolonged obstructed labour, which is brought about by a range of causes. Recently, it has been proposed that women’s groups and fistula survivors should suggest interventions to reduce or prevent the incidence of obstetric fistula. Objective: The objective of this review was to …

Inspire Yourself: Volunteer!, Judith Sullivan

Journal of Transformative Touch

Doing volunteer short Zero Balancing sessions once a month for 13 years for staff, volunteers and sometimes "guests" at The Haven, a a multi-resource day shelter in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia supports the community in many ways.

Active Nursing Research Studies As Of 9-2022 (Study Summaries), Lindy Bilimek Msn, Agcns-Bc, Danielle Payne , Msn, Bsbio, Rn

Nursing Active Studies

Validation of an evidence-based, nurse-designed fall risk assessment tool: Study 2

PI: Lindy Bilimek MSN, RN, AGCNS-BC

The ADAPT Fall Risk Assessment Tool was designed with the goal of decreasing instances of avoidable falls by providing nursing with the tools necessary to determine each patient’s risk of falling and to readily act upon these risk factors. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the ADAPT Fall Risk Assessment Tool will be evaluated in a real-world nursing setting.

Nursing and Support Staff Perceptions of Inpatient MyChart Utilization

PI: Danielle Payne BSBio, MSN, RN, FNP-BC

The primary objective of this study is to assess …

Breast Cancer In A Teenage Girl With Brca Mutation: A Case Report From A Low Middle-Income Country, Lubna Mushtaque Vohra, Danish Ali, Syeda Amrah Hashmi, Meher Angez

Section of General Surgery

Introduction: A staggering majority of pediatric breast masses are benign (mostly fibroadenoma) and so a biopsy is not readily performed as it can potentially lead to a future breast disfigurement. However, this should not be standard practice as this can lead to a delayed diagnosis, and hence, the treatment of pediatric breast cancer (BC); this was also seen in our patient's scenario.
Case history: Here, we report the case of the youngest known breast cancer patient in Pakistan, a 15-year-old girl. The right-sided breast lump which was diagnosed clinically as a fibroadenoma later turned out to be stage IIb pT3N0M0 …

Association Between Suicidal Attempts In Connection To Discrimination Among Trans Genders, Asghar Ali, Saad Ahmed Khan, Shah Zeb, Zahir Munir, Tazeen Saeed Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Suicide has become a serious public health challenge across the world with around 800,000 people dying by suicide each year. Amongst these a majority of the people (79%) belongs to low and middle-income countries.
Objective:The study aimed to identify the association between suicidal attempts in connection to discrimination among transgender.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a registered NGO (Gender Interactive Alliance) from February to May, 2020, using a universal and purposive sampling technique.DatawasanalyzedonSPSS(version21.0).Meanandstandarddeviationwas calculated for frequency distribution, while Chi-square was used for categorical variables.
Results: Overall, 250 transgender were approached through a registered …

Benefits Of Staying Active During Cancer Treatment Flyer, Hailey Powell, Tracy Lowe, Janice S. Withycombe

Publications

No abstract provided.

First Steps Towards Validating Educational Material Related To In-Patient Mobility In Children With Cancer, Hailey Powell, Tracy Lowe, Janice Withycombe

Publications

Children undergoing cancer treatment have markedly reduced mobility, especially during inpatient admissions for chemotherapy.1 Reduced mobility can increase the risk factors for chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Mobility during in-patient stays is encouraged at many institutions but may not receive priority due to competing demands on staff time. Promoting mobility while in-patient, has known health benefits but also serves to role model expected outpatient behaviors. Prior research reflects that parents and caregivers need additional education related to mobility during childhood cancer therapy2, yet there is a lack of validated materials on this topic.

Informing Healthcare Operations With Integrated Pathology, Clinical, And Epidemiology Data: Lessons From A Single Institution In Kenya During Covid-19 Waves, Allan Njau, Jemimah Kimeu, Jaimini Gohil, David Nganga

Pathology, East Africa

Pathology, clinical care teams, and public health experts often operate in silos. We hypothesized that large data sets from laboratories when integrated with other healthcare data can provide evidence that can be used to optimize planning for healthcare needs, often driven by health-seeking or delivery behavior. From the hospital information system, we extracted raw data from tests performed from 2019 to 2021, prescription drug usage, and admission patterns from pharmacy and nursing departments during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya (March 2020 to December 2021). Proportions and rates were calculated. Regression models were created, and a t-test for differences between …

Barriers To Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents Aged 10 To 19 Years Living With Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Protocol, Londiwe D. Hlophe, Jacques L. Tamuzi, Constance Shumba, Peter S. Nyasulu

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is fundamental in achieving viral load suppression and consequently attaining positive health outcomes among people living with HIV. However, ART adherence is sub-optimum among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) thus the high AIDS-related mortality even after World Health Organization (WHO) revised HIV treatment eligibility guidelines in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Consolidated trends of barriers to ART adherence among ALHIV aged 10 to 19 years in sub-Saharan countries post each eligibility guidelines revision to date are unknown.

Methods and analysis: We will conduct comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature databases publishing observational studies reporting data …

Factors Affecting Hospital Readmission Rates Following An Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Amineh Rashidi, Lisa Whitehead, Courtney Glass

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aim

To synthesise quantitative evidence on factors that impact hospital readmission rates following ACS with comorbidities.

Design

Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data Sources

A search of eight electronic databases, including Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Review Methods

The search strategy included keywords and MeSH terms to identify English language studies published between 2001 and 2020. The quality of included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers, using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.

Results

Twenty-four articles were included in the review. All cause 30-day readmission rate was …

Efficacy, Acceptance, And Feasibility Of Virtual Reality For Chronic Pain Relief In Older Adult Veterans Residing In Long Term Care, Valicia Philibert

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Older adults residing in Long-Term Care (LTC) have a high prevalence of chronic pain. Pain management strategies have primarily focused on pharmacological approaches, but with physiological changes associated with aging, this population is at an increased risk for adverse effects from prescribed medications. More research is needed on innovative non-pharmacological interventions in the LTC setting. This study examined the feasibility, acceptance, and preliminary efficacy of Virtual Reality (VR) for chronic pain among older adult veterans in LTC. In this quasi-experimental, 12 older adult participants living with chronic pain in a long-term care facility received two sessions of VR. Pain intensity …

Effects Of Telesimulation On The Health Literacy Knowledge, Confidence And Application Of Nursing Students, Susan Patton

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Assessing and addressing health literacy (HL) in patients is an essential role of the nurse and a critical component of nursing student education. Yet, large gaps exist within nursing school curricula with regard to the development of HL knowledge and skills, and the confidence to implement practices that target HL. Furthermore, effective training modalities that examine the transformation of nursing students’ knowledge into practice through the development of confidence during experiential learning have not been well explored.

Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of a HL information and a HL telesimulation intervention on the HL Knowledge, Application and Confidence of first-semester …

Biomarker, Treatment, And Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Retention, Fernand A. De Los Reyes

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

ABSTRACT

Biomarker, Treatment, and Socio-Demographic Factors

Affecting Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Retention

by

Fernand A. De Los Reyes

Advisor: Martha Velasco-Whetsell

Increasing mortality from opioid overdose and low treatment engagement are significant public health concerns. Along with increasing health care and criminal justice enforcement costs, there is an urgent need to study the factors associated with treatment retention in opioid use disorder. The study investigated the relative impact of the biomarker cholesterol on treatment retention in an opioid treatment program (OTP) clinic. Further, it examined the medical comorbidities, treatment, and socio-demographic variables that impact opioid use disorder treatment retention. This …

Systematic Review Of Functional Outcomes In Cancer Rehabilitation, Alix Sleight, Lynn H. Gerber, Timothy F. Marshall, Alicia Livinski, Catherine M. Alfano, Shana Harrington Pt, Ph.D., Ann Marie Flores, Aneesha Virani, Xiaorong Hu, Sandra A. Mitchell, Mitra Varedi, Melissa Eden, Samah Hayek, Beverly Reigle, Anya Kerkman, Raquel Neves, Kathleen Jablonoski, Eileen Danaher Hacker, Virginia Sun, Robin Newman, Karen Kane Mcdonnell, Allison L'Hotta, Alana Schoenhals, Nicole L. Stout

Faculty Publications

Objective

To systematically review the evidence regarding rehabilitation interventions targeting optimal physical or cognitive function in adults with a history of cancer and describe the breadth of evidence as well as strengths and limitations across a range of functional domains.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Plus, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The time scope was January 2008 to April 2019.

Study Selection

Prospective, controlled trials including single- and multiarm cohorts investigating rehabilitative interventions for cancer survivors at any point in the continuum of care were included, if studies included a primary functional outcome measure. …

Nasogastric Bridles Are Associated With Improved Tube-Related Outcomes In Children, Julie Ann Lavoie, Christine A. Schindler, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Sravya Patil Bagli, Donna O. Mccarthy, Praveen S. Goday

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To compare tube-related outcomes in children with standard tape vs nasal bridle securement of nasogastric tubes (NGTs).

Study Design

This was a single-center, retrospective, correlational study of outcomes from the time of NGT placement until full oral feeds or durable-tube placement. Outcomes of interest included NGT dislodgments, length of stay, emergency department (ED) encounters, radiographic exposures, and adverse skin outcomes. Negative binomial regression and logistic regression were used to analyze differences between groups.

Results

Five hundred eighty-two children had NGTs secured traditionally (43% female; age at therapy initiation of 2.6 months [SD 8.1]), and 173 received nasal bridles (55.5% …

Effect Of Educational Intervention On Improving Nurse’S General Health In Military Hospitals Of Iran: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Vahid Ranaei, Fatemeh Kalroozi, Mojtaba Sadeghi, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Kristin Haglund, Nahid Mehrabi

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background Nursing in military hospitals affects their general health. Educational interventions can help to maintain the general health of nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention to improve the general health of nurses in military hospitals. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 146 nurses working in military hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2021 were included in the study. The one-month educational intervention included videos, pamphlets, and motivational messages about promoting general health. General health questionnaire with 28 items (GHQ28) was study tool. The allocation of nurses to groups was not random, it was based on personal …

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Kessarin Panichpisal, Ilana Ruff, Maharaj Singh, Massihullah Hamidi, Pedro D. Salinas, Kyle Swanson, Stephen Medlin, Sudeepta Dandapat, Payton Tepp, Genevieve Kuchinsky, Amy Pesch, Thomas Wolfe

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant risk of acute thrombosis. We present a case report of a patient with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) associated with COVID-19 and performed a literature review of CVST associated with COVID-19 cases.

Case Report:

A 38-year-old woman was admitted with severe headache and acute altered mental status a week after confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed diffuse venous sinus thrombosis involving the superficial and deep veins, and diffuse edema of bilateral thalami, basal ganglia and hippocampi because of venous infarction. Her neurological exam improved with anticoagulation (AC) and …

One Size Does Not Fit All: Discharge Teaching And Child Challenging Behaviors, Norah L. Johnson, Stacee M. Lerret, Michele Polfuss, Karen Gralton, Cori A. Gibson, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Riddhiman Adib, Rosemary White-Traut, Kathleen Sawin, Roger L. Brown

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

This study compares quality of discharge teaching and care coordination for parents of children with challenging behaviors participating in a nursing implementation project, which used an interactive iPad application, to usual discharge care. Unlike parents in the larger quasi-experimental longitudinal project, parents of children with challenging behaviors receiving the discharge teaching application (n = 14) reported lower mean scores on the quality of discharge teaching scale–delivery subscale (M = 8.2, SD = 3.1) than parents receiving usual care (n = 11) (M = 9.6, SD = 4.7) and lower scores on the Care Transition Measure (M = …

Addressing Immunizations In Nursing Education: Immunization Resources For Undergraduate Nursing, Sheryl Buckner, Ruth Gallego, Diana Mcnaughton, Susan Brasher, Joan Stanley, Allison Jacobs, Jennifer Hamborsky, Sarah Schillie, Stacie Hunsaker, Kathy J. Kyler, Allison L. Lewis, Donna Page

Faculty Publications

Nursing faculty are challenged to integrate immunization content in prelicensure nursing curricula. Historically, most immunization content has been delivered in pediatrics courses, with less emphasis on other populations across the lifespan. Skills related to vaccine administration may be prioritized over the most current immunization science, such as pathophysiology, immunology, and epidemiology. As the most trusted profession rated by the public (Saad, 2020), nurses are ideally suited to address vaccine hesitancy and promote vaccination in the communities they serve. Nurses apply active listening, problem solving, and communication skills with patients and their families, contributing to a person's confidence in their decision …

Factors Shaping Good And Poor Nurse-Client Relationships In Maternal And Child Care: A Qualitative Study In Rural Tanzania, Kahabi Isangula, Eunice Pallangyo, Columba Mbekenga, Eunice Ndirangu, Constance Shumba

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Evidence indicates that poor nurse‐client relationships within maternal and child health (MCH) continues to impact trust in formal healthcare systems, service uptake, continuity with care and MCH outcomes. This necessitates contextualized innovative solutions that places both nurses and clients at the forefront as agents of change in optimizing intervention designs and implementation. This study explored nurses and clients’ perspectives on the factors shaping nurse‐client relationships in MCH care to generate evidence to guide subsequent steps of human centered design (HCD) that involve designing effective strategies for improving therapeutic relationships in Shinyanga, Tanzania.

Methods: Qualitative descriptive design was …

Unit Knowledge And Practice Of Emergency Nursing Interventions At A Tertiary Public Cardiac Health Center In Uganda, Harriet Namukwaya, Cliff Asher Aliga, Grace Nakate, Judith Mutyabule

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Research suggests that many of the millions of deaths and long-term disabilities resulting from acute cardiovascular events and other emergency conditions are preventable if effective emergency care services were readily available. Effective emergency care requires trained and competent staff, including registered nurses. Most educational pathways do not adequately prepare nurses to deliver sensitive health care services for those with acute illness and injury. This includes Uganda, where few capacity-building initiatives have targeted emergency nursing care delivery, leading to knowledge and practice gaps.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess emergency nursing knowledge and clinical practice at a tertiary …

Resilience: Key Factors Associated With Resilience Of Older People In Botswana, Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa, Sheila Shaibu

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

This study aims to determine key factors that predict resilience in older people. A cross-sectional design and quantitative methods were used for this study. Four districts were selected in Botswana using cluster random sampling. Data on resilience from 378 older adults aged 60 years+ [Mean Age (SD) = 71.1(9.0)] was collected using snowballing technique. Data on socio-demographics, protective and risk factors were also collected from urban and rural areas. CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis was used to predict the strengths of the relationships among resilience and all predictor variables because the data were skewed. Five major predictor …