Nursing Commons^™

Patient Activation, Depressive Symptoms, And Self-Rated Health: Care Management Intervention Effects Among High-Need, Medically Complex Adults, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Kenn B. Daratha, Sterling Mcpherson, Crystal L. Smith, Michael S. Wiser, Brenda K. Vogrig, Sean M. Murphy, Roy Cantu, Dennis G. Dyck

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The purpose of this randomized controlled trial (n = 268) at a Federally Qualified Health Center was to evaluate the outcomes of a care management intervention versus an attention control telephone intervention on changes in patient activation, depressive symptoms and self-rated health among a population of high-need, medically complex adults. Both groups had similar, statistically significant improvements in patient activation and self-rated health. Both groups had significant reductions in depressive symptoms over time; however, the group who received the care management intervention had greater reductions in depressive symptoms. Participants in both study groups who had more depressive symptoms had lower …

Exploring Canadian Children's Social Media Use, Digital Literacy, And Quality Of Life: Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey Study, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Danica Facca, Shauna Burke, Bradley Hiebert, Emma Bender, Stephen Ling

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BACKGROUND: Understanding social media use and digital literacy among young Canadian children is an increasing area of concern, given the importance of digital inclusion for full and informed participation in evolving educational, civic, corporate, social, and economic spaces. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore internet and social media knowledge as well as social media use among Canadian children aged between 6 and 10 years. METHODS: We conducted interview surveys with 42 children aged between 6 and 10 years who participated in an after-school health promotion program in an urban community in Southwestern Ontario to understand their digital …

Long Non-Coding Rna Maternally Expressed Gene 3 Affects Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis And Migration By Targeting The Microrna-9-5p/Midkine Axis And Activating The Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase/Akt Pathway In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Dezhi Wu, Zheng Ma, Deyu Ma, Qiquan Li

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Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor suppressor in several cancers, such as glioma, prostate cancer and esophageal cancer. However, the role of MEG3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The present study aimed to determine the biological function of MEG3 in regulating HCC cell viability, apoptosis and migration. In addition, the interaction between MEG3, microRNA (miR)-9-5p and Midkine (MDK), and the activation of the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK)/AKT pathway in HCC cell line MHCC-97L were examined. Luciferase reporter assays, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to …

How Do Canadian Public Health Agencies Respond To The Covid-19 Emergency Using Social Media: A Protocol For A Case Study Using Content And Sentiment Analysis, Anita Kothari, Lyndsay Foisey, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Michael Bauer

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INTRODUCTION: Keeping Canadians safe requires a robust public health (PH) system. This is especially true when there is a PH emergency, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media, like Twitter and Facebook, is an important information channel because most people use the internet for their health information. The PH sector can use social media during emergency events for (1) PH messaging, (2) monitoring misinformation, and (3) responding to questions and concerns raised by the public. In this study, we ask: what is the Canadian PH risk communication response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of social media? METHODS AND ANALYSIS: …

Association Of Erectile Dysfunction With Tinnitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study, Yen-Fu Cheng, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs., Ph.D., Nai-Wen Kuo, Shiu-Dong Chung, Herng-Ching Lin

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With many previous studies indicating a higher prevalence of sexual problems in patients with tinnitus, the association between tinnitus and erectile dysfunction (ED) has become an interesting topic that warrants further research. In our study, we hypothesized that tinnitus may be associated with ED and aimed to further explore the relationship between these two medical conditions using a nationwide population-based database. After retrieving data of 19,329 patients with ED and 19,329 propensity score-matched patients without ED (controls) from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Dataset, we defined the diagnosis date (the date of the first ED claim) for patients with ED as …

A Population-Based Case-Control Study Of The Association Between Cervical Spondylosis And Tinnitus, Yen-Fu Cheng, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs., Ph.D., Tzong-Hann Yang, Chuan-Song Wu, Nai-Wen Kuo, Herng-Ching Lin

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OBJECTIVE: This population-based study aimed to study the association between tinnitus and cervical spondylosis. DESIGN: A case-control study. STUDY SAMPLE: We retrieved data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We identified 2465 patients with tinnitus (cases) and 7395 comparison patients by propensity score matching. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the odds (OR) of a diagnosis of cervical spondylosis preceding the tinnitus diagnosis relative to controls. RESULTS: We found that 1596 (16.19%) of 9860 sample patients had received a diagnosis of cervical spondylosis before the index date, significantly different between the tinnitus group and control group (17.20% vs. …

Investigation Of Digital Technology Use In The Transition To Parenting: Qualitative Study, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Jodi Hall, Bradley Hiebert, Kimberley Jackson, Ewelina Stoyanovich, Jessica Lachance, Danica Facca

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BACKGROUND: The transition to parenting-that is, the journey from preconception through pregnancy and postpartum periods-is one of the most emotionally charged and information-intense times for individuals and families. While there is a developing body of literature on the use and impact of digital technology on the information behaviors of children, adolescents, and young adults, personal use of digital technology during the transition to parenting and in support of infants to 2 years of age is relatively understudied.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of the ways digital technologies contribute to the experience of the transition …

Creation Of Male-Sterile Lines That Can Be Restored To Fertility By Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate For The Establishment Of A Two-Line System For The Hybrid Production Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Haksong Pak, Haoyi Wang, Yusin Kim, Unchol Song, Mengxin Tu, Dezhi Wu, Lixi Jiang

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Male sterility is widely used in the production of hybrid seeds in rice, but the use of genic male sterility is limited because of the high labour cost for maintaining male-sterile lines. Previous studies using T-DNA insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that disrupting the expression of oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 (OPR3), which is involved in the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway, results in a kind of male sterility that can be restored to fertility by exogenous jasmonate in Arabidopsis. Here, we created male-sterile mutations by editing the second and fourth exons of OsOPR7 in rice through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system …

Virtual Home Assistant Use And Perceptions Of Usefulness By Older Adults And Support Person Dyads, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Elizabeth M. Combs, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Otis L. Owens, Isabel Stringfellow, Thien Nguyen, Catherine R. Van Son

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Aim: Describe virtual home assistant use and usefulness from the perspective of older adults and their support persons. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study with older adults and their support persons (n = 10 dyads). Virtual home assistant (VHA) equipment was installed in participants’ homes, and its use was documented for 60 days. Participants received protocol-guided telephone calls to address their VHA questions or problems. The type and frequency of VHA use were summarized with descriptive statistics. End-of-study interviews about VHA use were conducted with dyad participants. Qualitative content analyses were used to describe the interview findings about the dyad’s …

Health Access Of Women In Provincial Correctional Institutions, Shamiram Zendo, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Lilian Magalhaes

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Historically, there has been a disparity between men and women rates of incarceration, even though there has been a significant increase in the number of women imprisoned over the past 20 years, globally. Women have unique health care needs that are often not adequately addressed within the correctional institutions in which they are held. The focus of this study was to explore women's experiences when accessing health services within Canadian provincial correctional institutions. Narrative inquiry was used to investigate the life stories of five women who accessed health care in provincial correctional institutions. A total of two storylines and five …

Genome-Wide Association Study On Total Starch, Amylose And Amylopectin In Barley Grain Reveals Novel Putative Alleles, Mengdi Li, La Geng, Shanggeng Xie, Dezhi Wu, Lingzhen Ye, Guoping Zhang

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The content and composition of starch in cereal grains are closely related to yield. Few studies have been done on the identification of the genes or loci associated with these traits in barley. This study was conducted to identify the genes or loci controlling starch traits in barley grains, including total starch (TS), amylose (AC) and amylopectin (AP) contents. A large genotypic variation was found in all examined starch traits. GWAS analysis detected 13, 2, 10 QTLs for TS, AC and AP, respectively, and 5 of them were commonly shared by AP and TS content. qTS-3.1, qAC-6.2 and qAP-5.1 may …

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals A Patatin-Like Lipase Relating To The Reduction Of Seed Oil Content In Brassica Napus, Haoyi Wang, Qian Wang, Haksong Pak, Tao Yan, Mingxun Chen, Xiaoyang Chen, Dezhi Wu, Lixi Jiang

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BACKGROUND: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop world-widely cultivated, and seed oil content (SOC) is one of the most important traits for rapeseed. To increase SOC, many efforts for promoting the function of genes on lipid biosynthesis pathway have been previously made. However, seed oil formation is a dynamic balance between lipid synthesis and breakdown. It is, therefore, also reasonable to weaken or eliminate the function of genes involved in lipid degradation for a higher final SOC. RESULTS: We applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on SOC in a collection of 290 core germplasm accessions. A total …

Resistance Training As Therapeutic Management In Women With Pcos: What Is The Evidence?, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Bernardine M. Pinto Phd, Fapa, Fsbm, Fabmr, Robin Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common chronic endocrinopathy and the leading cause of infertility in women, has significant clinical consequences, including cardiovascular, endocrinological, oncological, and psychological co-morbidities. Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of PCOS recommend exercise and physical activity as first-line treatment to combat chronic disease risk. However, details about what type of exercise are not provided. Given the known beneficial effects of resistance training on the management of other chronic diseases, the purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the scientific evidence about the physical and psychosocial effects of resistance training among …

"Let Me Know When I'M Needed": Exploring The Gendered Nature Of Digital Technology Use For Health Information Seeking During The Transition To Parenting, Bradley Hiebert, Jodi Hall, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Danica Facca, Kim Jackson, Ewelina Stoyanovich

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This paper presents results of a qualitative descriptive study conducted to understand parents' experiences with digital technologies during their transition to parenting (i.e. the period from pre-conception through postpartum). Individuals in southwest Ontario who had become a new parent within the previous 24 months were recruited to participate in a focus group or individual interview. Participants were asked to describe the type of technologies they/their partner used during their transition to parenthood, and how such technologies were used to support their own and their family's health. Focus group and interview transcripts were then subjected to thematic analysis using inductive coding. …

The Impact Of Exercise Perceptions And Depressive Symptoms On Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Specific Health-Related Quality Of Life, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Bernardine M. Pinto Phd, Fapa, Fsbm, Fabmr, Robin Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc, Michael David Wirth Msph, Phd, Face

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BACKGROUND: Studies indicate that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have high depressive symptom scores and more perceived barriers than benefits to exercise, factors that may affect health-related quality-of-life. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the impact of perceived exercise benefits and barriers, exercise outcome expectations, and depressive symptoms on polycystic ovary syndrome-specific health-related quality-of-life.

METHODS: A survey link was posted on polycystic ovary syndrome Facebook groups. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 935) answered questionnaires about demographics, polycystic ovary syndrome-specific health-related quality-of-life, exercise benefits and barriers, exercise outcome expectations, and depressive symptoms. Data were collected using …

Maternal Health Literacy On Mother And Child Health Care: A Community Cluster Survey In Two Southern Provinces In Laos, Sysavanh Phommachanh, Dirk R. Essink, Pamela J. Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Jacqueline E. Broerse, Mayfong Mayxay

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RATIONAL:

Increased maternal health literacy (MHL) has contributed considerably to maternal and child health outcomes in many countries. Malnutrition, and low coverage of child vaccination and breastfeeding are major health concerns in Laos, but there is little insight into mothers' literacy on these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the level of MHL of Lao mothers and to explore factors influencing it, in order to provide evidence that can inform policies and planning of health services.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire on health literacy (ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health-related information) …

Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic And Expression Pattern Analysis Of Gata Family Genes In Brassica Napus, Weizhuo Zhu, Yiyi Guo, Yeke Chen, Dezhi Wu, Lixi Jiang

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BACKGROUND: Transcription factors GATAs are involved in plant developmental processes and respond to environmental stresses through binding DNA regulatory regions to regulate their downstream genes. However, little information on the GATA genes in Brassica napus is available. The release of the reference genome of B. napus provides a good opportunity to perform a genome-wide characterization of GATA family genes in rapeseed. RESULTS: In this study, 96 GATA genes randomly distributing on 19 chromosomes were identified in B. napus, which were classified into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis and their domain structures. The amino acids of BnGATAs were obvious divergence …

A Patient-Centered Asthma Management Communication Intervention For Rural Latino Children: Protocol For A Waiting-List Randomized Controlled Trial, Robin Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc, Sue P. Heiney Ph.D., Rn, Faan, Deanne Hilfinger Messias, Dennis Ownby

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Background: Rural Latino children with asthma suffer high rates of uncontrolled asthma symptoms, emergency department visits, and repeat hospitalizations. This vulnerable population must negotiate micro- and macrolevel challenges that impact asthma management, including language barriers, primary care access, parental time off from work, insurance coverage, distance from specialty sites, and documentation status. There are few proven interventions that address asthma management embedded within this unique context. Objective: Using a bio-ecological approach, we will determine the feasibility of a patient-centered collaborative program between rural Latino children with asthma and their families, school-based nursing programs, and primary care providers, facilitated by the …

Nurses' Use Of Personal Smartphone Technology In The Workplace: Scoping Review, Andrea De Jong, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Michael Kerr

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BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in the technological infrastructures of many health care organizations to support the practice of health care providers. However, many nurses are using their personal digital devices, such as smartphones, while at work for personal and professional purposes. Despite the proliferation of smartphone use in the health care setting, there is limited research on the clinical use of these devices by nurses. It is unclear as to what extent and for what reasons nurses are using their personal smartphones to support their practice. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to understand the current breadth of research on …

Lessons Learned From The Medical University Of South Carolina Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (Tcc) In Precision Medicine And Minority Men's Health, Chanita Hughes Halbert, Caitlin G. Allen, Melanie Jefferson, Gayenell Magwood Phd, Rn, Faha, Faan, Cathy Melvin, Oluwole Adeyami Babatunde, Claudia Baquet, Ernestine Delmoor, Jerry Johnson, Diane Mathews, Robin J. Leach, Luisel Ricks-Santi

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The Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine for Minority Men's Health was established at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) in 2015 to address disparities in the translation of precision medicine approaches among racial minority groups. This regional consortium focuses on three primary areas: (1) the development of a consortium of regional and national partners, (2) conducting transdisciplinary research examining synergistic effects of biological, social, physiological, and clinical determinants of chronic disease risks and outcomes, and (3) dissemination and implementation of precision medicine approaches, with an emphasis on reducing disparities in health care and outcomes among minority men. …

Parental Online Information Access And Childhood Vaccination Decisions In North America: Scoping Review, Sarah Ashfield, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan

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BACKGROUND: Immunizing children throughout their early years prevents the spread of communicable disease and decreases the morbidity and mortality associated with many vaccine-preventable diseases. Searching online allows individuals rapid access to health information. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to develop an understanding of the existing literature of parents' online health information-seeking behaviors to inform their vaccination choices for their children and to identify gaps in the literature around parents' use of online health information and their vaccination choices. METHODS: A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature from Canada and the United States was performed. The following databases were utilized …

Caring Near And Far By Connecting Community-Based Clients And Family Member/Friend Caregivers Using Passive Remote Monitoring: Protocol For A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Sandra Regan, Michael Kerr, Merrick Zwarenstein, Michael Bauer, Grace Warner, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Aleksandra Zecevic, Elizabeth Borycki, Dorothy Forbes, Lori Weeks, Bev Leipert, Emily Read

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BACKGROUND: Significant chronic disease challenges exist among older adults. However, most older adults want to remain at home even if their health conditions challenge their ability to live independently. Yet publicly funded home care resources are scarce, private home care is expensive, and family/friend caregivers have limited capacity. Many older adults with chronic illness would require institutional care without the support from family member/friend caregivers. This role raises the risk of physical health problems, stress, burnout, and depression. Passive remote monitoring (RM), the use of sensors that do not require any action by the individual for the system to work, …

Strengthening Human And Physical Infrastructure Of Primary Healthcare Settings To Deliver Hypertension Care In Vietnam: A Mixed-Methods Comparison Of Two Provinces, Lana Meiqari, Thi-Phuong-Lan Nguyen, Dirk Essink, Pamela Wright Phd, Ms, Med, Rn, Cen, Fedde Scheele

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In Vietnam, the overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was 21%, with lower estimates for the prevalence of HTN awareness and treatment. The health systems, like other low- and middle-income countries, were designed to provide acute care for episodic conditions, rather than a chronic condition where patients need long-term care across time and disciplines. This article describes the delivery and organization of HTN care at primary healthcare (PHC) settings in both urban and rural areas at Hue Province of Central Vietnam in comparison with Thai Nguyen province in Northern Vietnam based on the infrastructure capacity and patients' and providers' perspectives and …

Danhong Injection In The Treatment Of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Protocol For Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Yanqiu Lan, Dezhi Wu, Yunrui Jin, Min Shui, Xianjun Fan

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BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that the effects of danhong injection on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, its effects are still not well understood. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of danhong injection in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database will be searched without limitations of language and geographical location. Two researchers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessment. The RevMan …

The Application Of Drones In Healthcare And Health-Related Services In North America: A Scoping Review, Bradley Hiebert, Elysée Nouvet, Vyshnave Jeyabalan, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan

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Using drone aircraft to deliver healthcare and other health-related services is a relatively new application of this technology in North America. For health service providers, drones represent a feasible means to increase their efficiency and ability to provide services to individuals, especially those in difficult to reach locations. This paper presents the results of a scoping review of the research literature to determine how drones are used for healthcare and health-related services in North America, and how such applications account for human operating and machine design factors. Data were collected from PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore …

Context-Specific Challenges, Opportunities, And Ethics Of Drones For Healthcare Delivery In The Eyes Of Program Managers And Field Staff: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study, Vyshnave Jeyabalan, Elysée Nouvet, Patrick Meier, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have significant potential in the healthcare field. Ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities of using drones for specific and diverse healthcare purposes have been minimally explored to date. This paper aims to document and advance awareness of diverse context-specific concerns, challenges, and complexities encountered by individuals working on the front lines of drones for health. It draws on original qualitative research and data from semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with drones for health program managers and field staff in nine countries. Directed thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and identify …

Pattern Of Antibiotic Use For Acute Respiratory Infections Among Out-Patients In South Asian Region: Protocol For A Systematic Review, Saif Al-Amin, Md Zakiul Hassan, K M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Muhammad Abdul Chowdhury, Sharon D. Morrison, Sara B. Donevant Phd, Rn, Ccrn, Fahmida Chowdhury

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BACKGROUND: South Asian region has been experiencing the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) primarily due to over and irrational prescribing of antibiotics. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of out-patients' visits in the region. Despite commonly known viral aetiology, ARI is the single largest reason for antibiotic prescriptions contributing the exponential growth of AMR in the region. Collated data on antibiotic consumption for ARI at outpatients and resistance pattern of respiratory pathogen are lacking in the region. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), and Web of Science will be searched for eligible papers. Titles and abstracts, and …

Exploring The Ethical Issues In Research Using Digital Data Collection Strategies With Minors: A Scoping Review, Danica Facca, Maxwell J. Smith, Jacob Shelley, Daniel Lizotte, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan

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While emerging digital health technologies offer researchers new avenues to collect real-time data, little is known about current ethical dimensions, considerations, and challenges that are associated with conducting digital data collection in research with minors. As such, this paper reports the findings of a scoping review which explored existing literature to canvass current ethical issues that arise when using digital data collection in research with minors. Scholarly literature was searched using electronic academic databases for articles that provided explicit ethical analysis or presented empirical research that directly addressed ethical issues related to digital data collection used in research with minors. …

A Remote-Controlled Robotic System With Safety Protection Strategy Based On Force-Sensing And Bending Feedback For Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization, Junqiang Zhou, Ziyang Mei, Jia Miao, Jingsong Mao, Lingyun Wang, Dezhi Wu, Daoheng Sun, Yang Zhao

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Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the common choice of non-open surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) now. In this study, a simple TACE robotic system of 4-degree-of-freedom is proposed to get higher accuracy and stability of the surgery operation and reduce X-ray exposure time of the surgeons. The master-slave control strategy is adopted in the robotic system and a customized sigmoid function is designed to optimize the joystick control of the master-slave robotic control system. A force-sensing module is developed to sense the resistance of the guide wire in linear delivery motion and an auxiliary bending feedback method based on constraint …

Calmodulin Hvcam1 Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance Via Modulation Of Hvhkt1s And Hvcamta4, Qiufang Shen, Liangbo Fu, Tingting Su, Lingzhen Ye, Lu Huang, Liuhui Kuang, Liyuan Wu, Dezhi Wu, Zhong-Hua Chen, Guoping Zhang

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Calcium (Ca) signaling modulates sodium (Na) transport in plants; however, the role of the Ca sensor calmodulin (CaM) in salt tolerance is elusive. We previously identified a salt-responsive calmodulin (HvCaM1) in a proteome study of barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots. Here, we employed bioinformatic, physiological, molecular, and biochemical approaches to determine the role of HvCaM1 in barley salt tolerance. CaM1s are highly conserved in green plants and probably originated from ancestors of green algae of the Chlamydomonadales order. HvCaM1 was mainly expressed in roots and was significantly up-regulated in response to long-term salt stress. Localization analyses revealed that HvCaM1 is an …