Nursing Commons^™

Local Anesthesia Toxicity, Nicole Mccleery

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Local anesthesia (LA) provides a way to relieve temporary pain in a small part of the body and has been used for over 100 years (Fencl, 2015). LA also prevents the passage of surgical stimuli into the central nervous system (CNS) making a surgical procedure less painful for the patient (Noble, 2015). According to Noble, “altering the passage of stimuli from smaller diameter neurons in a confined area with lower drug dosages is called LA, such as the injection of LA around a surgical incision” (Noble, 2015, p.325). LA can be used in a variety of settings, such as in …

Sepsis To Septic Shock, Seth Whitlow

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

The diagnosis of sepsis has long been part of medicine, however ambiguous definitions, treatment modalities, and research criteria have not provided a unified understanding of the disease. In 2016, international healthcare practitioners convened a panel of experts and developed criteria that defined sepsis as ‘life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection’. The pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock is complex and make understanding physiological host response to infection difficult. Evidence shows that with each passing hour patient mortality is increased when treatment is withheld. Sepsis has proven an elusive diagnosis where one size does not fit …

Ards Pathophysiology, Kyle Kocher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very prevalent disease process in intensive care units around the world. It is estimated that the incidence of ARDS is 75 cases per 100,000 people in the United States (Balaan, Bihler, & Yadam, 2016). It is described as a refractory hypoxemia with pulmonary edema from a noncardiogenic cause (Balaan et al., 2016). The definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome itself has been debated and changed many times throughout the years. The most recently adopted definition of ARDS is the Berlin definition which uses several components to describe the disease. These components included timing …

Prostate Cancer In African American Men, Chinwe Egwudo

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Prostate cancer, a malignancy with racial disparity, affects African American men more than Caucasians or any other race.

Scleroderma, Erika Lawson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Scleroderma, also known as sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease causing fibrosis in connective tissues. Symptoms include: skin tightening, stiffness and swelling of fingers, weight loss, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain. Limited scleroderma, also known as CREST syndrome, includes calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. This presentation is to help increase knowledge of scleroderma pathophysiology and nursing implications that will help medical staff better care for those affected.

Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome, Kimberly A. Babich-Speck

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Asthma and COPD often have symptoms that overlap. The area of overlap is known as asthma COPD overlap syndrome.

Cervical Cancer, Mary Jedlicka

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

No abstract provided.

Pathophysiology Of Acute Asthma Exacerbation, Sarah Elswick

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Asthma is a chronic condition with periods of acute exacerbation. It is a commonly encountered problem across many care settings. Airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness are associated with a number of different pre-disposing factors, and attacks are often triggered by specific agents. Advanced practice nurses must be familiar with the pathophysiology of this condition, and have a strong understanding of the interventions and treatments that are indicated. The intention of this poster is to enlighten students with regards to acute asthma exacerbation and the associated pathophysiology and treatment, ultimately leading to more competent care.

Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Risk Factor For Perioperative Aspiration, Chelsea Stevens

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetic gastroparesis is one of several long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by delayed gastric emptying secondary to autonomic neuropathy. As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise, it becomes even more important for anesthetists to address the risk of aspiration posed by diabetic gastroparesis. Currently, aspiration of gastric contents accounts for nearly half of all major airway complications in the operating room, often due to incomplete assessment of risk factors. Understanding the pathophysiology is the first step in recognizing diabetic gastroparesis as a significant risk factor for aspiration. Every effort should be made to mitigate perioperative …

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Melissa Moomaw

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This digital poster explains the pathophysiology behind the rare but fatal condition known as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). Due to the uncommon nature of NMS, this poster is geared towards education. Information regarding the underlying pathophysiology, causes, signs and symptoms, risk factors, and treatments are presented to the reader. The goal is to spread knowledge about NMS in hopes of recognizing and treating this disorder before patients are harmed.

Lyme Disease, Courtney Bode

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lyme disease (LD) is a zoonotic infection transmitted by black-legged (deer) ticks. This disease is the most common vector-bourne illness in the United States (Maloney, 2016). The tick transmits Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the bacterial agent of LD. The Center of Disease Control (CDC) suspects the disease is highly underreported in the United States (Clayton, Dunn, Jones, Jones, & Schaffner, 2015). Even with the disease being underreported, LD is the fifth most commonly reported nationally notifiable disease (Delorey, et al., 2015). Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease can vary greatly in severity. This disease often causes multisystemic illness, starting locally …

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Brittnay Adkins

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Many patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are critically-ill. Those are that mechanically ventilated are also at risk for nosocomial infections that can negatively affect the patients health. Oral hygiene care, early mobilization, spontaneous breathing trials, and aspiration precautions are all interventions that many hospitals have incorporated into standard practice to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The importance of these interventions are discussed; along with the pathophysiology of VAP and how healthcare providers can positively impact the millions of patients every year that are affected by nosocomial infections.

Infantile Spasms, Ashley Cash

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infantile Spams is an epilepsy syndrome that usually appears in children between the ages of four and eight months. The spasms generally occur upon waking or right after feeding, and can occur in clusters of a hundred or more at a time (Go et al., 2012). Children with infantile spasms present with a classic, abnormal electroencephalogram. The pattern that determines if it is indeed infantile spasms is called hypsarrythmia, which is a disorganized pattern (Iype et al., 2016). Children with infantile spams will also regress in milestones and can have mental retardation. Many studies have been done to determine the …

Anomalous Coronary Artery Disease, Margaret Hueckel

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Imagine living life as a healthy active individual with no known health conditions or previous illnesses, then one day experiencing life-threatening symptoms or even sudden death due to an unknown heart condition. Anomalies of the coronary arteries are not well understood and are extremely rare in the general population (Suryanarayana, 2015). This topic was chosen to explore the research and the pathophysiology behind this rare disease and to be able to understand the process at a cellular level. This project will explore the pathophysiologic process of anomalous coronary artery disease including signs and symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, significance of pathophysiology, and …

The Pathophysiology Of Athlete's Heart, Hannah E. Mckee

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Athlete's heart is a condition resulting from high intensity exercise over a long period of time. Due to the increased workload of the body, the heart creates pathophysiologic changes to compensate for the increased demand. These changes are similar to those found in the diseased heart of a person with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is important to recognize athlete's heart and be able to differentiate between the pathophysiologic changes in athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Angioedema: Ace-Inhibitors Adverse Reaction, Jesse Vandyne

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This is a poster presentation about angioedema caused by Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEI or ACE Inhibitors). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) medications are one of the leading causes of angioedema in the United States, also known as ACEI-RA (Chan & Soliman, 2015, p. 207). ACE inhibitors are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide because they are indicated for the management of hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic kidney disease (Chan & Soliman, 2015, p. 207).

The Genetic Influences On Opiate Addiction, Anne Sielschott

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The effects of addiction and the present opioid crisis can not only be felt at the individual level of the addict but throughout all aspects of society. From the infant born addicted to heroin, to the family members begging their loved ones to make a change, to the medical personnel with the responsibility of caring for those with drug seeking or violent behavior needing their next fix, the drug problem in America is one that can no longer be ignored. The number of unintentional drug overdoses in Ohio has grown from 411 in 2000 to a staggering 3050 in 2015, …

Malignant Hyperthermia, David Kanotz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening skeletal muscle disorder that presents as a hypermetabolic response to several inhaled anesthetics and to the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine. It is extremely important for certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) to understand the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and treatment plan of MH due to their vital role in managing these patients in the operating room.

Malignant Hyperthermia, Garrett Erickson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant hyperthermia is known as a pharmacogenetic disorder which manifests itself in the skeletal muscle (Heytens, Forget, Scholtès, & Veyckemans, 2015). When a susceptible patient, who carries the autosomal dominant trait, is exposed to volatile anesthetics and/or the neuromuscular blocker succinylcholine, a detrimental response can occur. This response is a hypermetabolic state with hypercapnia, hemodynamic instability, rigidity, hyperthermia, and signs of rhabdomyolysis (Heytens et al., 2015). MH is a rare condition with incidences between 1/5,000 and 1/50,000 (Nagelhout and Plaus, 2014, p. 829), and often occurs during the induction of anesthesia but can also occur intraoperatively or one hour post …

Pathophysiology Of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury After Ischemia, Rachel Fetrow

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

An intricate look at the pathophysiology surrounding myocardial reperfusion injury and the implication is has on patient outcomes and nursing care.

Syphilis In Men That Have Sex With Men, Nathaniel Helser

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Syphilis rates in the United States hit their nadir in the 1960’s and 1970’s with almost complete disappearance during the 1980’s in conjunction with the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus outbreak (Read et al, 2015). This dramatic fall was a direct consequence of the introduction of penicillin in the 1940’s, but since this decline a widely documented reemergence in endemic levels has been seen across the country (Petrosky et al, 2016). Recent rates in men have jumped from 3 per 100,000 to 9.8 per 100,000 (Petrosky et al, 2016) in a two year span, an alarming increase, which has …

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Rachael B. Gale

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster provides an introductory look at the assessment, pathophysiology, management and care of a patient with ARDS.

Kingella Kingae: Emerging Outbreaks In Daycare Facilities, Kimberly Iracki

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

In today’s Western countries, families are more likely than those of past decades to include two full-time working parents. This has led to an increase in he number of children attending daycare or some form of childcare outside the home. It is known that close quarters or semi-confined setting increase the risk of certain infections. Out of these infections, an emerging pediatric pathogen, that has also shown some prevalence in adults, is Kingella kingae.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Madeleine Smith

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

My chosen research topic is systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), otherwise commonly known as lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease that affects many different body systems, and has no cure. There are a plethora of symptoms associated with the disease, and symptoms can vary greatly from person to person. Additionally, lupus can progress gradually and has periods of flares and remission like several other autoimmune diseases. All of these factors combined can make this disease very hard to diagnose, and therefore treat. By researching and learning more about lupus, I strive to gain a better understanding of this disease and its …

Primary Hypertension, Leslie Mcchesney

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The intent of this poster is to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of primary hypertension and its impact on nursing. This is a disease affecting millions of Americans daily and with proper understanding of the disease process, diagnosis and management can be initiated early before life altering consequences impact the patient.

Celiac Disease, Julia Hoeft

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Digestive disorders are among a long list of conditions patients may seek care for. In recent years, celiac disease is a digestive disorder that has received much attention from both patients and the healthcare community. Due to the considerable symptom variance among patients, celiac disease often goes undiagnosed or is mistaken for another disease process. Celiac disease has become the one of the most common autoimmune inherited disorders in the United States. Celiac disease can range from asymptomatic to malabsorption in severe cases. The only treatment option currently available to patients is a life-long gluten free diet.

Coronary Artery Disease, Matthew Jarboe

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a highly prevalent disease in the United States. CAD is a major burden for the U.S. health care system. CAD can causes heart failure, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction. Pathophysiology is important in CAD because its study has led to powerful intervention and will lead to better treatment recommendations from providers. There are modifiable risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus that should be controlled when possible. Lifestyle changes can also have a significant impact on the course of CAD.

Type Ii Diabetes, Michelle Irwin

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The chosen topic to research is Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DMII). DMII has become a rampant disease in the United States and is becoming more common. The United States has an alarming rate of new diagnosis of DMII (Chen, 2012). One of the most disappointing facts is that it can be prevented. DMII is not a disease that one has to have for a lifetime. An important detail of this disease is that it has so many comorbidities. Many people in the general population think that they can just take a pill or take insulin to control it. However, even …

Pulmonary Embolism, Jill Parker

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster includes a description of the signs and symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, pathophysiological processes, and implications to nursing care of a Pulmonary Embolism.

Sepsis Pathophysiology, Alex Akers

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection” (Singer et al, 2016). Despite being a lesser-known evil when compared to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident, sepsis occurs in more than 230,000 patients in the United States annually and is the cause of more than 40,000 deaths per year (Seymour & Rosengart, 2015). Although the prevalence of sepsis in the hospital setting is common, the presentation varies making sepsis difficult to diagnose. Patients presenting to the hospital with sepsis can have a variety of complaints all of which stem from an infectious source. This …